strategies of teaching - prof. b. l handoo
TRANSCRIPT
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Strategies of Teaching
Prof. (Dr.) B. L. HandooEducational Innovator
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A good teacher………
•Is kind•Is generous•Listens to you•Encourages you•Has faith in you•Keeps confidence•Likes teaching children•Likes teaching their subject•Takes time to explain things•Helps you when you are stuck
•Tells you how you are doing•Allows you to have your say•Does not give up on you•Cares for your opinion•Makes you feel clever•Treats people equally•Stands up for you•Makes allowances•Tells the truth •Is forgiving
What the pupils said……………..
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Lecture
STRENGTHS: presents factual material in direct, logical
manner contains experience which inspires stimulates thinking to open discussion useful for large groups
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Lecture
LIMITATIONS: experts are not always good teachers audience is passive learning is difficult to gauge communication in one way
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Lecture
PREPARATION:
needs clear introduction and summary needs time and content limit to be effective should include examples, anecdotes
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Lecture With Discussion
STRENGTHS:
involves audience at least after the lecture
audience can question, clarify & challenge
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Lecture With Discussion
LIMITATIONS:
time may limit discussion period quality is limited to quality of
questions and discussion
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Lecture With Discussion
PREPARATION:
requires that questions be prepared prior to discussion
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Panel of Experts
STRENGTHS:
allows experts to present different opinions
can provoke better discussion than a one person discussion
frequent change of speaker keeps attention from lagging
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Panel of Experts
LIMITATIONS:
experts may not be good speakers personalities may overshadow
content subject may not be in logical order
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Panel of Experts
PREPARATION:
facilitator coordinates focus of panel, introduces and summarizes
briefs panel
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Brainstorming
STRENGTHS: listening exercise that allows creative thinking
for new ideas encourages full participation because all ideas
equally recorded draws on group's knowledge and experience spirit of congeniality is created one idea can spark off other ideas
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Brainstorming
LIMITATIONS: can be unfocused needs to be limited to 5 - 7 minutes people may have difficulty getting away
from known reality if not facilitated well, criticism and
evaluation may occur
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Brainstorming
PREPARATION:
facilitator selects issue must have some ideas if group
needs to be stimulated
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Videotapes
STRENGTHS:
entertaining way of teaching content and raising issues
keep group's attention looks professional stimulates discussion
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Videotapes
LIMITATIONS:
can raise too many issues to have a focused discussion
discussion may not have full participation only as effective as following discussion
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Videotapes
PREPARATION:
need to set up equipment effective only if facilitator prepares
questions to discuss after the show
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Class Discussion
STRENGTHS:
pools ideas and experiences from group effective after a presentation, film or
experience that needs to be analyzed allows everyone to participate in an active
process
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Class Discussion
LIMITATIONS:
not practical with more that 20 people few people can dominate others may not participate is time consuming can get off the track
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Class Discussion
PREPARATION:
requires careful planning by facilitator to guide discussion
requires question outline
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Small Group Discussion
STRENGTHS:
allows participation of everyone people often more comfortable in small groups can reach group consensus
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Small Group Discussion
LIMITATIONS:
needs careful thought as to purpose of group groups may get side tracked
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Small Group Discussion
PREPARATION:
needs to prepare specific tasks or questions for group to answer
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Case Studies
STRENGTHS:
develops analytic and problem solving skills allows for exploration of solutions for
complex issues allows student to apply new knowledge and
skills
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Case Studies
LIMITATIONS:
people may not see relevance to own situation
insufficient information can lead to inappropriate results
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Case Studies
PREPARATION:
case must be clearly defined in some cases case study must be prepared
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Role Playing
STRENGTHS:
introduces problem situation dramatically provides opportunity for people to assume
roles of others and thus appreciate another point of view
allows for exploration of solutions provides opportunity to practice skills
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Role Playing
LIMITATIONS:
people may be too self-conscious not appropriate for large groups people may feel threatened
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Role Playing
PREPARATION:
trainer has to define problem situation and roles clearly
trainer must give very clear instructions
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Report-Back Sessions
STRENGTHS:
allows for large group discussion of role plays, case studies, and small group exercise
gives people a chance to reflect on experience
each group takes responsibility for its operation
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Report-Back Sessions
LIMITATIONS:
can be repetitive if each small group says the same thing
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Report-Back Sessions
PREPARATION:
trainer has to prepare questions for groups to discuss
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Worksheets/Surveys
STRENGTHS:
allows people to think for themselves without being influenced by others
individual thoughts can then be shared in large group
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Worksheets/Surveys
LIMITATIONS: can be used only for short period of time
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Worksheets/Surveys
PREPARATION:
facilitator has to prepare handouts
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Index Card Exercise
STRENGTHS:
opportunity to explore difficult and complex issues
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Index Card Exercise
LIMITATIONS:
people may not do the exercise
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Index Card Exercise
PREPARATION:
facilitator must prepare questions
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Guest Speaker
STRENGTHS:
personalizes topic breaks down audience's stereotypes
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Guest Speaker
LIMITATIONS:
may not be a good speaker
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Guest Speaker
PREPARATION:
contact speakers and coordinate introduce speaker appropriately
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Values Clarification Exercise
STRENGTHS:
opportunity to explore values and beliefs allows people to discuss values in a safe
environment gives structure to discussion
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Values Clarification Exercise
LIMITATION:
people may not be honest people may be too self-conscious
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Values Clarification Exercise
PREPARATION:
facilitator must carefully prepare exercise must give clear instructions facilitator must prepare discussion questions
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NEW APPROACHES
INTERACTIVE TEACHING INDUCTIVE / DEDUCTIVE APPROACH PROJECT METHOD CAL / CBT – USING TECHNOLOGY DISCOVERY LEARNING EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING CONSTRUCTIVISM