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Strategic Approach
29.11.13 1 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings
Christopher Moore | Hyères, 07.05.2013
A global Strategic Approach to energy efficiency in the building sector
Status Quo
• Buildings account for almost 30% of global CO2 emissions • Large savings in energy use (75% or higher) are possible • Conventional new buildings in OECD countries save 50 %
energy compared to stock • Improving buildings and appliance energy efficiency has
up to 80% - 90 %saving potentials
29.11.13 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings 2
Is a Strategic Approach needed?
• No worldwide consistent standard for primary thermal energy consumption – A general definition for low-energy buildings does not
exist – Numerous definitions of net or nearly Zero Energy
Buildings • No defintion that takes into account various levels of
ambition • Target definitions are often not clear
29.11.13 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings 3
Climate Zones
29.11.13 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings 4
Source: University of Melbourne
Comparison of Degree Days
29.11.13 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings 5
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000 H
obar
t C
anbe
rra
Mild
ura
Coff
s H
arbo
ur
Bris
bane
C
arna
von
Port
Hed
land
Ja
kart
a D
akar
M
umba
i Ji
dda
Al A
in
Dub
ai
Chi
huah
ua
Han
gzho
u M
arra
kech
To
kyo
Las
Veg
as
Ath
ens
Port
o Fr
eibu
rg
Han
nove
r Ek
ater
inbu
rg
Anc
hora
ge
Heating Degree Days 18°C Cooling Degree Days 10°C Source: bigEE 2012
Primary Energy per Degree Day
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Prim
ary
Ener
gy D
eman
d (k
Wh/
m2a
)
Degree Days (Kd)
Comparision of annual Primary Energy consumption per Degree Day
Heating optimised buildings Heating typical buildings Heating typical buildings
Extreme Climates
Lucky Climates
Source: CEPE
The path to energy efficiency
29.11.13 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings 7
00
10
20
Prim
ary
Ener
gy B
onus
[kW
h/m
2 /yr
]
30
40
50
60
70
80
20 40 60 80 100 140120 160
Primary Energy Consumption [kWh/m2/yr]
ultra-low-energy consumption high-energy consumption
Easy E!ciency Approach
Advance
d E!ciency
zero
-energy l
ine
plus-energystandard
Source: bigEE 2012
Minimum Energy Performance Standards
Case study: new buildings in Germany
29.11.13 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings 8
Source: Fraunhofer IBP 2012
Primary Energy per Degree Day
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Prim
ary En
ergy Dem
and (kWh/m
2 a)
Degree Days (Kd)
Comparision of annual Primary Energy consumpAon per Degree Day
Hea-ng op-mised buildings Hea-ng typical buildings Hea-ng typical buildings Cooling op-mised buldings Cooling Typical Buildings
LEB
ULEB
ConvenAonal
Lucky Climates
Extreme Climates
Source: CEPE
The steps to energy efficiency
29.11.13 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings 10
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
-10%
-20%
80%
90%
100%
Prim
ary
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
ConventionalNew Building
Low-EnergyBuilding
Ultra-Low-EnergyBuilding
nearlyZero/Plus-Energy
Building
Focus of bigEE
Advanced ApproachEasy E!ciency
Approach
Source: bigEE 2012
Performance relative to climate
11
Sea@le
The Netherlands Ireland
Source: GBPN 2013 29.11.13
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Cold Cold Cold Temperate Temperate Temperate Temperate Temperate Temperate Hot - Humid Hot - Humid Hot - Humid
Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai Athens Athens Athens Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi
Conventional LEB ULEB Conventional LEB ULEB Conventional LEB ULEB Conventional LEB ULEB
[kWh/(m²a)]
Useful Energy Heating Useful Energy Cooling + Dehumidification
Simulation results of buildings (useful energy; simulations by ECOFYS and Wuppertal Institute)
Source: bigEE 2012
bigEE Climate Zones
29.11.13 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings 13
Cold
Temperate
Hot and Humid
Hot and Arid
80-40 kWh/m2TFAyr
80-40 kWh/m2TFAyr
150-100 kWh/m2TFAyr
100-50 kWh/m2TFAyr
40-20 kWh/m2TFAyr
40-20 kWh/m2TFAyr
100-50 kWh/m2TFAyr
50-25 kWh/m2TFAyr
20-0 kWh/m2TFAyr
20-0 kWh/m2TFAyr
50-0 kWh/m2TFAyr
25-0 kWh/m2TFAyr
++
Climate LEB ULEB nZEB PEB
++
++
++
Cold
Temperate
Hot and Humid
Hot and Arid
80-40 kWh/m2TFAyr
80-40 kWh/m2TFAyr
150-100 kWh/m2TFAyr
100-50 kWh/m2TFAyr
40-20 kWh/m2TFAyr
40-20 kWh/m2TFAyr
100-50 kWh/m2TFAyr
50-25 kWh/m2TFAyr
20-0 kWh/m2TFAyr
20-0 kWh/m2TFAyr
50-0 kWh/m2TFAyr
25-0 kWh/m2TFAyr
++
Climate LEB ULEB nZEB PEB
++
++
++
Source: bigEE 2012
Cost and Cost-effectiveness
29.11.13 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings 14
Add
ition
al In
vest
men
t (!
/m2 )
of P
assi
ve R
ow H
ouse
s
Year
1991 Prototype: experimental house,4 dwellings in Kranichstein using handicraft batch production
Settlement in Wiesbaden.Serially produced windows & structural elements
PH in Groß-Umstadt: Reduced costs by simplification
Setlements in Wuppertal, Stuttgart, Hanover
Row houses in Darmstadt, 80 !/m2
Profitability with contemporary interest rates & energy prices
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
20082009
2010
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Source: Feist
Timeline for Standards
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Standard for Refurbishment of Exisiting Buildings
today 5 10 years 15 20
Standard for New Buildings
High energy
High energy
Low energy
Low energy
Ultra low energy
Ultra low energy
Zero/Plus energy
Zero/Plus energy
Source: bigEE 2012
The Strategic Approach First worldwide consistent approach to defining Low-Energy and Ultra-Low-Energy Buildings in different climate zones • Easy to Define • Absolute Target Values • Covering 4 Climate Zones (more to come) • 4 different types of conditioning • Numerous Types of Buildings
29.11.13 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings 16
29.11.13 17 Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings
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