Strangeness Hadrons in Few-Body Nuclei

Yoshinori AKAISHI,Akinobu DOTE and Toshimitsu YAMAZAKI

Deeply bound kaonic states

K-

Atomic states

Nuclear state

MENUSept. 3, 2004

Few-Body KN Systems_

Strangebaryon

Di-baryon

Tri-baryon

Tetra-baryon

Strange heavy nucleus Strange matter

pp

p

ppn

n

pp

n ppn

S=-1 S=-2

p K_

=

p p =

H*?

DANE1999Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki

eV)100208407()1163323( i

eV)30111249()637194( i

DEAR @ DANE

KN interaction-

))66.0/(exp()( 2rVrV TT DNK

))66.0/(exp()( 2rVrV TT 1CN,K

))66.0/(exp()( 2rVrV TT 2CN,K

0)( TT VrV

1TVD

1TV1C

1TV2C

-62 MeV

-285 MeV

-285 MeV

0TVD

0TV1C

0TV2C

-436 MeV-412 MeV

none

KpX 　　 Iwasaki et al. (1997)

fm)04.068.0()07.070.1(0 iaT

fm60.037.01 iaT

Martin (1981)

fm)12.025.049.0()03.015.078.0(pK- ia

p+K-n+K0-

(1405)

-++

++-

0+0

+0

5.30

-27

-94.9-103.0-104.4

-181.3

(MeV)

Optical potential

K nucleus_

K- atom

MeV783700 iWiV

MeV1111800 iWiV

MeV6513400 iWiV

for E= -110 MeV

ge

Qvvg

te

vvt0

1

,}/)exp{(1

)(s0

00opt

aRr

iWVrU

010

00 )3(4

1 TT ggiWV

for t-matrix:

for g-matrix:

No Pauli exclusion

Chiral SU(3) Dynamics

T. Waas, N. Kaiser & W. Weise, Phys. Lett. B379 (1996) 34.

0 1 2 3

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

0ρ/ρ

matternuclearinKK /mm

K+

K-

20

0 M

eV

/100 MeV

2Kthr.

pK

thr.

pK-f

mTT

2Kthr.

nK

thr.

nK 2-

f

mTT

2thr.

n

thr.

p 2--

f

mTT

Tomozawa-Weinberg

7 t

ime

s

TρωU 2

22/1 22

f

mT

22/3 2f

mT

2K

0 23

f

mT

2K

1 2f

mT

0)3(23 1001 bbaa

022 02/12/3 baa

Chiral symmetry

N

KN-

Isoscalar

J. Schaffner-Bielich, V. Koch & M. Effenberger, Nucl. Phys. A669 (2000) 153.

A. Ramos & E. Oset, Nucl. Phys. A671 (2000) 481.

A. Cieply, E Friedman, A. Gal & J. Mares, Nucl. Phys. A696 (2001) 173.

Shallow optical potential

Deep optical potential

V0+iW0= -50 –i 60 MeV

V0+iW0= -120 –i10 MeV

Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C65 (2002) 044005.

N. Kaiser, P.B. Siegel & W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A594 (1995) 325.

Nuclear KNN bound states_

nnK-

dK-

ppK-

10

4

3

4

12 TT vv

10

4

1

4

32 TT vv

12 Tv

T = 3/2 Unbound

T = 1/2 Above the + n threshold

T = 1/2 E = -48 MeV = 61 MeV

S = 0

S = 1

S = 0

obtained from 3-body variational calculation.

Structure of ppK-

pp K-

1.90 fmrms distance

1.36

fm

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

fm-3

0 2 4 6 8r fm

)(4 )pp(K2 rr

)(4 pp2 rr

)(4 d2 rr

3.90 fmrms distance

T. Yamazaki & Y. Akaishi, Phys. Lett. B535 (2002) 70.

K- + p

MeV -27K EMeV 04Γ

1 2 3 r fm0

-50

-200

-300

-400

-500

nuclKU

MeV

(1405)+

+

K- + pp

MeV -48K EMeV 61Γ

1 2 3 r fm0

-50

-200

-300

-400

-500

nuclKU

MeV

H2K+

+

K- + 3He

MeV -108K EMeV 02Γ

1 2 3 r fm0

-50

-200

-300

-400

-500

nuclKU

MeV

H3K

+

+

K

Kp p

T. Yamazaki & Y. Akaishi, Phys. Lett. B535 (2002) 70.

1 2 3r fm

0

-100

-200

-300

-400

MeV

nuclKU

+ (-69, 66) MeV (-86, 32) MeV

Nuclear bound stateH4K

1/24- ]HeK[ T

1.47 fmFree

1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

Rcore fm

40

30

20

10

0-60

-70

-80

-90

-100

-110

-120

Me

V

Ecore(Rcore)

EK(Rcore)

EK+Ecore

Hasegawa-Nagata’s NN~1Gev repulsion

E

Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002) 044005

Shrinkage !

0

-50

-100

-150

50

70

90

15 M

eVTn

MeV

４ He (stopped K-, n)

Bra

nchi

ng~2

%

M. Iwasaki et al.,Nucl. Inst. Meth. A473 (2001) 286.K- + 3He

T = 1

T = 0

-108 MeV

EK

MeV

HKHeK 303-

d+-+

d+++

d+-+

Evidence for K-ppn

Oct.16, 2003 M. Iwasaki et al.

M. IwasakiT. SuzukiH. Bhang

G. FranklinK. GomikawaR.S. HayanoT. HayashiK. IshikawaS. IshimotoK. Itahashi

T. KatayamaY. Kondo

Y. MatsudaT. Nakamura

S. OkadaH. Outa

B. QuinnM. Sato

M. ShindoH. So

T. SugimotoP. StrasserK. SuzukiS. Suzuki

D. TomonoA.M. Vinodkumar

E. WidmannT. YamazakiT. Yoneyama

nucl-ex/0310018

from 4He(stopped K-,n)

B ｔｈ -ex ~ 60 MeV

Chiral restoration ?

mK/ f 2

udd

uuduudus_

11 or 9 quarks ?

)exp()()( 2

2

30 arr

23

2

330

/

)(

a),0(8

1

aM

2

Challenging problem !

pp

n

K-

1.5 fm

N(0) = 8.9 0

ppnK-

Tri-baryon ?

av=3.10

}/)({)( 3rrrd MeV25MeV,4173 E

-108 20Theor.

Exp.

K-NNN potential_

0

-100

-200

-300

-400

-500

-600

MeV

1 2 3 r fm

-5 MeV

-23 MeV

-37 MeV

Relativistic effect

17% enhanced KN bare int._

proportional to 2

(9% enhanced KN effective int.)_

Without shrinkage

With shrinkage

Observeall.

Exciting!“pppK-” “ppnK-” “pnnK-”

-103 MeVN(0s)3K-

N(0s)2(0p) K-

-97 MeV

-193 MeVT=1, 3/2+

Relativistic effect

-170T=0,1/2-

-133-132

00

3

4'

3

2 TT vv KN enhanced by 17% 0

23 Tv

4He(stopped K-, p) pnnK-

p momentum

T. SuzukiH. Bhang

G. FranklinK. GomikawaR.S. HayanoT. HayashiK. IshikawaS. IshimotoK. ItahashiM. Iwasaki

T. KatayamaY. Kondo

Y. MatsudaT. Nakamura

S. OkadaH. Outa

B. QuinnM. Sato

M. ShindoH. So

P. StrasserT. Sugimoto

K. SuzukiS. Suzuki

D. TomonoA.M. Vinodkumar

E. WidmannT. YamazakiT. Yoneyama

Discovery of S0(3115) in 4He(stopped K-,p)K-pnn

Phys. Lett. B597 (2004) 263

Press releaseon Aug. 24, 2004

MeV193 5.14.4

E

MeV21

13

8Be 　　　　 8BeK-

7 fm

Density (/fm^3) 0.0 0.41 0.83

Density (/fm^3) 0.0 0.10 0.20

AntisymmetrizedMolecularDynamics calculation 　　　　　A. Dote, H. Horiuchi, Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Lett. B590 (2004) 51.

Dense & Cold

T. Hatsuda & T. Kunihiro,Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 (1985) 158.

M. Lutz, S. Klimt & W. Weise,Nucl. Phys. A542 (1992) 52.

W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A553 (1993) 59c.

Tqq

,

0220N

0

1

fmqq

qq

300 MeV50Temperature

T Density

Normal density

Color forromag.A. Iwazaki et al.

150 MeV

Chemical potentialNuclei

Tem

per

atur

e

Quark-gluon plasma

Color superconductor(2SC), (CFL)

Hadrons

0,0

0,0 0,0

Dense & cold

Tricritical point

Nuclear Phase Diagram

Liquid-gas

K1.90 fm

1.36

fmKp p

ppK-

1.3 fm

1.5

fm

ppK- K-

uuddss

us_

uud uudus_

Strange deuteron? Excited H* di-baryon?

K-

K-

T. YamazakiP. Kienle

ppnK- + d

MeV100~0ρ

ρ

K-

Cold & densefragments

Heavy-Ion Reaction ~10A GeV

High-density environment provided by HI fireballInvariant-mass spectroscopy for their decays

“Decay-channel spectroscopy”T. Yamazaki

Phys. Lett. B587 (2004) 167

　 ppK- + p

FOPI at GSI from Kutsche (PhD) 1999

Superb identification

A. Andronic and P. Braun-Munzinger, priv.comm., Oct.17, 2003 > GSI SIS100/300: best place

Concluding Remarks

Nuclear K bound state_

Mini strange matter

K plays a role of “contractor”._

Few-body K nuclear systems would provideexperimental data of fundamental importance

for hadron physics with strangeness.

_

A new means to investigatehadron dynamics in dense&cold matter

Chiral restoration?Color superconductivity?

Kaon condensation?Strange hadronic/quark matter?

Production-/Decay-channel

spectroscopies

KEKDANESPring-8

GSIJ-PARC

ZA0K 1 ZA-K

11 ZA

ZA 10

11 ZA-

ZA 1

ZA 2

ZA 10

11 ZA-

1 ZA-

ZA 1ZA 2ZA

S=0 nucleiS=-1S=-2

500

400

300

200

100

0

Excitation energy(MeV)

)K,K( -

)K,(),,K( -- )K,(),,K( -

)N,K( -

Meson-nucleon systems of 2nd generation