storing and organizing data
DESCRIPTION
Storing and Organizing Data. Why Do I Need to Understand How Data Is Represented?. In order to install, program,maintain, and troubleshoot today’s PLCs, you must understand the different methods by which internal data is represented. Objectives. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Storing and Organizing Data
![Page 2: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why Do I Need to Understand How Data Is Represented?
• In order to install, program,maintain, and troubleshoot today’s PLCs, you must understand the different methods by which internal data is represented.
![Page 3: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Objectives
• Identify the commonly used number systems used in PLCs.
• Convert binary data to decimal.
• Examine how data is stored in PLC data tables.
• Describe how BCD field devices interface.
![Page 4: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PLC Words
• One measure of a computer’s capabilities is the length of the data words on which it can operate.
• Many current PLCs use 16-bit words.• Many newer PLCs use 32-bit words.• SLC 500 and PLC 5 family PLCs are 16-bit
computers.• Control Logix is a 32-bit computer.
![Page 5: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Number Systems Typically Used with PLCs
![Page 6: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
We Use Words to Represent Information
• Our words are groups of characters grouped together to represent something.
• The words we use are of different lengths.– Controller– The– Monday
![Page 7: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
We Use Symbols Called Numbers to Represent Data
• Everyday numbers are decimal. 12,345
![Page 8: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Computers Do Not Understand
• Computers do not understand the words and numbers humans use.
• Computers have their own language called binary.
![Page 9: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Binary Concept
• Two-state devices are described as either discrete or digital devices.– Discrete or digital devices are simply either on
or off.– Binary is based on two states, on or off.
![Page 10: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Binary Language
• Binary information is also represented in groups of characters.
• A group of binary digits called bits can be organized into words.
• Binary bits consist of only two characters– 1 and 0
![Page 11: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Binary Words
• 16 bits grouped together is called a word.
• A binary word might look like:
1010 1010 1010 1010 1010
![Page 12: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Information Represented as Combinations of Bits
![Page 13: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Decimal Numbers
• Ten digits– 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
• Base or radix– 10
• Weights– 1, 10, 100, 1000
![Page 14: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Decimal Number System
![Page 15: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Binary Number System Has the Following Characteristics
• Two digits– 0 or 1
• Base or radix– 2
• Weights– 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64…
![Page 16: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16-bit Binary Word Bit Weighting
MSB LSB
• LSB = least significant bit• MSB = most significant bit
![Page 17: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Binary Numbers Place Values
![Page 18: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Binary Number Weighting
![Page 19: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Decimal 0 through 7 Represented with Binary Bits
![Page 20: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Comparison of Decimal to Binary Numbers
![Page 21: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Parts of a 16-bit Word
![Page 22: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Bytes, Nibbles, and Bits
![Page 23: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PLC Data Formats
• Two 8-bit unsigned bytes of data
• 16-bit unsigned integer
• 16-bit signed integer
• 32-bit signed integer
• Binary coded decimal
• Hexadecimal
![Page 24: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Two 8-bit Unsigned Bytes of Data
![Page 25: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Hexadecimal
![Page 26: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
16-bit Signed Integer
![Page 27: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
16-bit Unsigned Integer
![Page 28: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
32-bit Signed Integer (1 of 2)
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Double Word
Sign bit
Lower 31 bits contain the value
32 – bit signed integer data range:
-2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647
![Page 29: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
32-bit Signed Integer (2 of 2)
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Double Word
WordWord
Byte Byte Byte Byte
![Page 30: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Basic PLC Data TypesData Type Description Size Range
Bool Single bit Bit 1 = ON
0 = OFF
Sint 8 bits Byte -128 to
+127
Int 16 bits Word -32,768 to +32,767
Dint 32 bits Double
Word
-2,147,483,648 +2,147,483,647
Real Floating point Real or
floating Point
Larger than Dint or with Decimal
point
![Page 31: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Data Table Format
• Words are 16 bits.– Bits 0 through bit 15
• First word or bit is always 0.
• SLC 500 data tables can contain up to 256 words (0 to 255).
• PLC 5 data tables can contain up to 1,000 words (0 to 999).
![Page 32: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Words Arranged in a Data Table
![Page 33: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Status Table Words Assigned by Module Requirements
• The number of status table words assigned depend on what a specific module needs.– 16-point module equals 16 bits.– 32-point module equals 32 bits.– Four-channel analog equals four words.– Eight-channel analog needs eight.
![Page 34: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
SLC 500 I/O Configuration
![Page 35: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
16-point Module’s I/O Points Represented in a Word
![Page 36: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Physical Input Conditions and the Corresponding Input Data Word
![Page 37: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
8-Point Input Module Represented in a Word
![Page 38: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
SLC 500 Input Status Table
![Page 39: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
24-point I/O Module Represented in Two Words
![Page 40: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Two Words Representing Inputs for a 32-bit Module
![Page 41: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Output Status File Correlation to Module
![Page 42: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
SLC 500 Digital Outputs
![Page 43: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Four Words Representing a Four-channel Analog Module
Channel 0
Channel 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Channel 2
Channel 3
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
![Page 44: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
SLC 500 Analog Input Channels
![Page 45: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
SLC 500 Output Analog Channels
![Page 46: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
So, What’s in It for ME??
• I need to be able to work with different number systems.– PLC configuration– PLC troubleshooting– Program interpretation– Error code
interpretation– Data conversion to
different hardware
![Page 47: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
SLC 500 Analog Input Module Configuration
• You need to configure a 1747sc-INI4i analog input module.
• Module configuration specifications are listed below.
![Page 48: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Channel Configuration Word
SLC 500Processor
AnalogInput
ModuleAnalog Input Signal
Channel Data Word
Channel Status Word
Channel Configuration
![Page 49: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Specifications
• Enable the input channel
• 4- to 20-mA input range
• Work in engineering units
• Pump to run maximum if open input
• 60-Hz input filter
• Auto calibration disabled
![Page 50: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
What Do You Need to Do?
• Determine the 16-bit data word for the configuration.
• Convert the binary word into decimal.
• Program a move instruction on your SLC 500 ladder to move the configuration data to each analog channel.
![Page 51: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Input Channel Configuration Word
![Page 52: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
• What value will you enter into the move instruction’s source?
![Page 54: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Understanding Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
![Page 55: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Single-digit BCD Thumb-wheel Interfaced to a PLC
![Page 56: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Binary Coded Decimal Number Bit Patterns
![Page 57: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Binary Coded Decimal
![Page 58: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Two-digit BCD Thumb-wheel Interface
![Page 59: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Four-digit BCD Thumb-wheel
![Page 60: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Output Module Connected to Seven-segment Display
![Page 61: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Comparison of BCD to Decimal and Binary Numbers
![Page 62: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
BCD Invalid Codes
![Page 63: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Decimal, Hexadecimal, and BCD Comparisons
![Page 64: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
SLC 500 Conversion from BCD
![Page 65: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
SLC 500 Converting to BCD
![Page 66: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
PLC 5 Converting from BCD
![Page 67: Storing and Organizing Data](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813af3550346895da3717e/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
PLC 5 Converting to BCD