stone national spatial reference system heights

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Grand Junc*on September 24, 2014

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Page 1: Stone national spatial reference system   heights

Grand  Junc*on  September  24,  2014  

Page 2: Stone national spatial reference system   heights

U.S.  Department  of  Commerce  Na*onal  Oceanic  &  Atmospheric  Administra*on  

Na$onal  Geode$c  Survey      Mission:        To  define,  maintain  &  provide  access  to  the    

Na(onal  Spa(al  Reference  System  (NSRS)    to  meet  our  Na*on’s  economic,  social  &  environmental  needs  

       Na$onal  Spa$al  Reference  System  

                                                                                     &  their  (me  varia(ons  

       (&  Na*onal  Shoreline,  etc.)  

•  Latitude •  Longitude •  Height

•  Scale •  Gravity •  Orientation

Page 3: Stone national spatial reference system   heights

National Geodetic Survey Geodetic Advisors

Geode*c  Advisor  Contact  Info:  hLp://geodesy.noaa.gov/ADVISORS/AdvisorsIndex.shtml  

!     SW  Region  (AZ,  NV,  NM,  UT)  

Bill  Stone  

!     Colorado  Pam  Fromhertz  

! Oregon  Mark  Armstrong  

! Wyoming  Mike  Londe  (BLM)  

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Establishing  accurate  eleva*ons  (heights)…  

1.  is  important  

2.  can  be  expensive  

3.  can  be  technically    challenging  

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Con*nuously  Opera*ng  Reference  Sta*ons  (CORS)    

!  2000  sites    

           (including  400  PBO)  

!  225  organiza$ons  

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U.S.  CORS  Velocity  Field  -­‐  NAD83(2011)  epoch  2010.0  

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CORS  90-­‐day  Coordinate  Plots  

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Heights  “101”  

GEOID12A

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NAD  83(2011)  epoch  2010.00  

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NORTH  AMERICAL  VERTICAL  DATUM  1988  (NAVD88)  

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`  

BM  with    Scaled  Posi*on  Datasheet    

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`  

Scaled    Orthometric  Height  

Datasheet    

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GPS-­‐derived    Orthometric  Height  

Datasheet    

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NEW  Na*onal  Geode*c  Survey  Ten-­‐Year  Plan  

"   By  2022,  reduce  all  defini*onal  &  access-­‐related  errors  in  geometric  reference  frame  to  1  cm  when  using  15  min  of  GNSS  data  

   “Replace  NAD83”  

"   By  2022,  reduce  all  defini*onal  &  access-­‐related  errors  in  orthometric  heights  in  geopoten*al  reference  frame  to  2  cm  when  using  15  min  of  GNSS  data  

   “Replace  NAVD88”  

Page 15: Stone national spatial reference system   heights

NAD83  Shortcomings  o  2.2  m  offset  –  

 NAD83  vs.    

 Interna$onal  Terrestrial    Reference  Frame  (ITRF)  

o  CORS  &  passive  network  inconsistency      

vs.  

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 Future  Geometric  (3-­‐D)  Datum    #  replace  NAD83  with  new  geometric  datum  –  by  2022  

#  CORS-­‐based,  accessed  via  GNSS  observa$ons  

#  coordinates  &  veloci$es  in  ITRF  &  official  US  datum  &  rela$onship  

     (NAD83  replacement:    plate-­‐fixed  or  “ITRF-­‐like”?)  

#  passive  control  $ed  to  new  datum;  not  a  component  of  new  datum  

#  address  user  needs  of  datum  coordinate  constancy  vs.  accuracy  

Page 17: Stone national spatial reference system   heights

New  geometric  datum  minus  NAD  83  (horizontal)  

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New  geometric  datum  minus  NAD  83    (ellipsoid  height)  

Page 19: Stone national spatial reference system   heights

NAVD88  Shortcomings  o  Cross-­‐country  errors  (1-­‐m  $lt)  

o  0.5  m  bias  in  reference  surface  vs.  global  mean  sea  level  geoid    

o  Subsidence,  uplif,  freeze/thaw  invalidate  BM  eleva$ons  

Approximate  Geoid  Mismatch  in  the  NAVD88  H=0  surface  

Page 20: Stone national spatial reference system   heights

The  Rela$onship  of  Heights  

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•  $38.5M  over  10  years  

•  Replace  the  na*onal  ver*cal  datum      (NAVD88)  by  2022  with  a    1  cm  accurate  gravimetric  geoid      

•  Orthometric  heights  accessed  via  GNSS    accurate  to  2  cm  

•  Thrusts  of  project:  

– Airborne  gravity  survey  of  en*re  

 country  and  its  holdings  

– Long-­‐term  geoid  change  monitoring    

– Partnership  surveys  

Gravity  for  the  Redefini$on  of  the  American  Ver$cal  Datum  (GRAV-­‐D)    

Gravity  and  Heights  are  

inseparably  connected  

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GRAV-D Status •  10  km  spaced  data  lines  •  70  km  spaced  cross  lines  •  20,000  m  al*tude  •  230  kt  flight  speed  •  35%  of  US  complete  (Q1-­‐2014)  

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GPS  DoV  

Leveling  

Gravity  

LIDAR/  Imagery  

Geoid  Slope  Valida*on  Surveys  –  2011  &  2014  

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Future  Geopoten*al  (Ver*cal)  Datum    # replace  NAVD88  –  by  2022  

# accessed  by  GNSS  &  gravimetric  geoid  

# monitor  $me-­‐varying  nature  of  gravity  field  

# most  accurate  con$nental  gravimetric  geoid  model,  ever    

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Hybrid  Geoid  Model  (GEOID12A)  &    Gravimetric  Geoid  Model  (USGG2012)  Conversion  Surfaces  using  GPS  on  BM  data  

Earth’s  Surface  

h  h  

h   h  h  

H  H  

H  H  

H  

N  N  N  N  

N  

Ellipsoid  

Hybrid  Geoid  

H  ~  h  -­‐  N  

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GEOID12A GPS on BMs

Page 28: Stone national spatial reference system   heights
Page 29: Stone national spatial reference system   heights

• upload  L1/L2  GPS  data          # OPUS-­‐RS  (Rapid  Sta*c)  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐15  min  to  2  hr  (per  CORS)  

# OPUS-­‐S  (Sta*c)  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  2  to  48  hr  (anywhere)  • solu*on  via  email  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  in  minutes    

• op*onal  sharing  (formerly  “publishing”)  

• OPUS-­‐Projects  (coming  soon)  

Online  Posi$oning  User  Service  (OPUS)  

>>>    fast,  easy    NSRS  access  

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OPUS  –  Share  (aka  OPUS-­‐DB)  

!  Sharing Criteria:

• NGS-calibrated antenna • > 4 hour data span • > 70% observations used • > 70% fixed ambiguities • < 0.04m H peak-to-peak • < 0.08m V peak-to-peak

! Uses:

• GPS on BMs

• PLSS / GCDB

• Data archive

• Data sharing

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Shared  OPUS  Solu*ons    

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Height Modernization -faster -cheaper -more accessible

Height Modernization

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Western  Regional  States  

Height  Moderniza*on  Regions  

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Height  Moderniza*on  Program  Page:  Mee*ngs,  Presenta*ons  

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NGS  homepage:  geodesy.noaa.gov  

•  Data  access  

•  Geode*c  Toolkit  

•  Publica*ons  

•  Height  Moderniza*on    

•  Training  opps  

•  Educa*on  resources  

•  Presenta*ons  

•  CORS,  OPUS,  …  

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Accurate positioning begins with accurate coordinates

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