stone age clambakes polynesians – beginning around 30,000 b.c. sailed extensively through the...
TRANSCRIPT
Stone Age clambakes
Polynesians – beginning around 30,000 B.C.Sailed extensively through the PacificStick chartsColonized: Samoa, New Zealand, Easter
Island, Hawaii
By 2000 B.C. – Phoenicians were accomplished mariners Commerce & ColoniesMediterraneanThrough Strait of Gibraltar & into Atlantic
4th century B.C. – Aristotle – 1st marine biologistGills are breathing structures of fish
Library at Alexandria
Dark Ages – most scientific study halted in Europe; much knowledge lost
995 A.D. – Leif Eriksson discovered N. AmericaNorth AtlanticDetailed knowledge of currents, wind, tides,
ocean phenomena
Arab traders – learned about wind and current patterns
1450s – Prince Henry the NavigatorRecognizes ocean’s potential for
trade/commerceEstablishes 1st oceanographic institute
1492 – Columbus rediscovers America
1519 – Magellan – 1st expedition to sail around globe
1736 – John Harrison invents 1st chronometerSpring-operated clockNecessary for determining longitude
1768 – James CookUses chronometer in his journeys
1770 – Ben Franklin 1st map of Gulf Stream
1831 – HMS BeagleMap coastlinesDarwin made detailed observations of natural
world
1840s - Matthew Maury
1840s – 1850s – Edward ForbesDredged the sea floorDiscovered many new speciesDifferent life at different depths
Marine Labs1872 – Stazione Zoologica – Naples, Italy
1st Marine Lab
1879 – Laboratory of Marine Biological Society of the United Kingdom – Plymouth
1870s-1880s – Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts
1900s – Polar Expeditions
1940s-1950s –Thor HeyerdahlRecreates trips of Polynesians
SCUBASelf-contained underwater breathing
apparatus
Developed by Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnon post WWII
Scuba opened a new world to marine scientists
Prior to its development, divers were restricted by the length of the air tube coming from their ship
WWIISonar (sound navigation ranging)
Developed to detect enemy submarines