Abstracts of the Articles Printed in Hakkokogaku Kaishi 577

Abstracts of the Articles Printed in Hakkokogaku Kaishi

Vol. 64, No. 6 (1986)

Cultural Condition for Cell Mass Production of Aureobasidium pullulans from Solvolysis pulp- ing Waste Liquor. JUN HOSOKAWA, KAZUTOSHI

Y0SHIHARA, M.A~HI NXSHPgA~tn, and HIROSHI K A m S H ~ (Government Industrial Research Institute Sikoku, 2--3-3 Hananomiya-cho, Takamatsu-shi 761, Japan) Hakkokogaku 64: 473-477. 1986. The optimum cultural conditions were investigated

for the cell mass production of strain A. pullulans IFO 6353 which has found to be the most promising organism that uses xylan in the solvolysis pulping waste liquor.

The optimum cultural conditions were 29°C, initial pH 6.0-6.5. Ammonium sulfate and L- asparagine were suitable as supplementary nitrogen sources. The optimum concentrations of supplemental nutrients were 0.5% ammonium sulfate, 0.5-1.0% potassium dihydrogenphosphate, and 0. 1% magnesium sulfate. Further, the addition of yeast extract greatly increased the cell mass production.

The cell mass reached 7.5 g per l of medium after 3 days under the optimum conditions (yeast extract, 0.25%). After 3 days of cultivation, A. pullulans IFO 6353 had used about 70% of the mono-, oligo-, and poly-saccharides in the waste liquor as one of the carbon sources.

Production of Fungal Cell Wall Lytlc Enzymes by Oerskovia sp. CK and Some Propertics o f the Crude Enzymes . KATSVYA GOMX, DAUmO

HOSAKA, NAOTO OKAZAKI*, TOSHIO TANAKA*, CHIEKO KU/~AGAI, YUZURU IIMURA, and SHODO HARA (National Research Institute of Brewing, 2-6-30, Takinogawa, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114; *Office of Technical Officers, Kanto Shin-etsu Regional Taxation Bureau, 1-3-2, Ohtemachi, Chooda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan) Hakkokogaku 64: 479-485. 1986. Oerskovia sp. CK was cultivated with the mycelia

of koji mold (Aspergillus oryzae) and produced fungal cell wall lytic enzymes inducibly. When chitin and dry yeast were used as substrates instead of fungal mycetia, the productivity of the lyric enzyme increased greatly. When the culture conditions for enzyme production were investigated, the maximum lytic activity was found at 30°C for 40 h in a medium containing 1% chitin powder and 0.5% dry yeast (pH 8.0). I t was proved that chitlnasc was the main

contributor to the lytic activity on ftmgal cell walls. Optimum temperature and pH of the lytic activity

were 45°C and 6.0-7.0, respectively. The lytie activity was stable at pH 5.0-8.0, but completely inactivated at 60°C for 15 rain.

The enzyme had high lytic activity toward the cell walls of the various fungi tested except for the Zygomycetes group. This enzyme could be useful for protoplasting of filamentous fungi.

Ethanol Fermentatlon System Combined with Membrane Separator o f Pervaporation. KANJI

]V[_ATSUMOTO, TOSHIHIRO SUGIYAMA, and HARtrmKO Om~'A (Department of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240, Japan) Hakkokogaku 64: 487492. 1986. The characteristics of continuous ethanol fer-

mentation system with membrane separator of pervaporatlon were investigated. The membrane used is of hydrophobic microporous hollow fibers of polypropylene. An ethanol-water mixture of high ethanol concentration was recovered continuously and directly from the fermentation broth. Intermittent backflnshing by compressed nitrogen gas prevented degradation of the permeation rate. The selectivity of the membrane for ethanol was a little bit smaller than that of distillation at normal pressure. The permeation rate of ethanol was almost llnearly pro- portional to the ethanol concentration of feed broth. The carbon dioxide gas generated by fermentation promoted the permeation rate. The ethanol con- centration of permeation was estimated by the fermentation dynamic equations.

Stimulation of f i lamentous Bulking of Activated Sludge by Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid, and Glucose.

RIKIYA TAKAHASHX, AKIHIKO SUZUKI, MASAHARU Suz~x, and HITOSHI YONEYAMA (Department of Brewing and Fermentation, Tokyo University of Agri- culture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan) Hakkokogaku 64: 493--498. 1986. An artificial sewage which contained small

amounts of organic acids, such as acetic acid or lactic acid stimulated filamentous bulking of normal sewage activated sludge as well as glucose-containing artificial

578 Abstract of the Articles Printed in Hakkokogaku Kaishi [J. Ferment. Teehnol.,

sewage. When these artificial sewages were added continuously to the sewage activated sludge at the concentrations of organic acid of more than 80 mg]l, the sludge was bulked after 4-6 days cultivation. Polysaccharide accumulation were observed neither in bulked nor non-bulked sludges. This indicated that the filamentous bulking of activated sludge was not necessarily dependent to the accumulation of polysaccharides. Potentiality of lactic acid consump- tion rate by the activated sludge increased simultane- onsly with the increment of its SVI after the cultivation.

Accumula t ion of Lower Fatty Acids and Its Effects on f i lamentous Growth in the Activated Sludge Process . SusuMu HASEOAWA, KEISUKE FUKUI, SYouJI HIROTA, MASAMOTO NAKAJIMA, and YOSHIMICHI MAEDA* (Department of Chemical Engineering;

*Department of Applied Chemistry, Himeji Institute of Technology, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-22, Japan) Hakkokogaku 64: 499-507. 1986.

Lower fatty acids (LFAs) in the mixed liquor were measured using gas chromatography, and their effects on the growth of filamentous microorganisms causing sludge bulking were studied.

With sufficient aeration, only a little LFA accumu- lated in the aeration basin because they were rapidly consumed. On the other hand, much LFA (including higher ones up to C5), which accompanied a con- siderable drop of the mixed liquor pH, was produced when the reactor DO decreased to near 0 mg/l with poor or no aeration.

We found that the growth of filamentous micro- organisms was inhibited in the anaerobic/aerobic process where the mixed liquor pH was temporarily lowered below 5 by the accumulation of LFAs during an anaerobic period.

Product ivi ty of Monacol in K (Mevinolin) in the Genous M o n a s c u s . - - N o t e - - SHIGENORI NEGISHI,

ZHENG-GAI HUANG,* KEIjI HASUMI, SHIOEO MURAKAWA, and AKIRA ENDO (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo Noko University, Saiwaicho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183, Japan; *Research Institute for Wines, Taiwan Tobacco, and Wine Monopoly Bureau, 41 Chung-Hsiao Rd., E., Sec. 2, Taipei, 100, Taiwan) Hakkokogaku 64: 509-512. 1986.

One hundred and twenty four strains of the genous Monascus, including 18 species and I subspecies, were tested for the production of monacolin K (mevinolin), a specific inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, the rate- limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. Of these strains, 5 species (17 strains) were active in the

production of the metabolite, including M. ruber, M. purpurens, M. pilasus, M. vitreus, and M. pubigerus. Monacolin K was produced when these fungi were grown at 25°C but not at 35°C. All strains active in the production of monacolin K were inferior in the production of reddish pigments to M. anka, a species commercially used in the production of both koji and reddish pigments.

I mmobi l i z a t i on of the Zygomycete C i r c i n e U a m u s e a e and Phosphorylat ion of ML-236B (Compactin) by the I m m o b i l i z e d Cells. - - N o t e - -

KAZUNORI KIKUCHI, SHIGEO MURAKAWA, and AKmA ENDO (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo Noko University, Saiwaicho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183, Japan) Hakkokogaku 64: 513-516. 1986.

Several photo-crosslinkable resins, alginate, and K-carrageenan were used for the immobilization of

spores of Circinella muscae. The germination and growth of the cells and ability to convert ML-236B, a potent hypocholesterolemic agent, into 5'-phospho ML-236B were observed. Of the polymer tested, the photo-crosslinkable resins were not effective in the immobilization of mycelia of the growing cells. Growing cells were effectively immobilized by alginate, but gels were gradually broken during ML-236B conversion. On the other hand, J¢-carrageenan was effective in both immobilization and ML-236B con- version. When K-carrageenan-immobilized cells were repeatedly used in the transformation of ML-236B (0.5 mg/ml), their conversion activity was reduced by 60% after 8 consecutive experiments.

Enzymat ic Hydro lys i s o f Cel lulosic Substances by the Cel lulase f r o m R o b i l l a r d a sp. - - N o t e - -

TOSHIKAZU NAOAI, YUTAKA KASHIWAGI, YI~X MAOAE, and TAKASHI SASAKI (National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kannondai 2-1-2, Yatahe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305; Dai-Nippon Sugar Mfg. Co., Ltd., I-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100 , Japan) Hakkokogaku 64: 517-520. 1986.

The fungus, Robillarda sp. Y-20, was isolated from soila endo-type cellulase producer. The pro- perties of this crude enzyme were studied.

Microcrystalllne cellulose hydrolyzing activity was most active at pH 4.6--5 and 40°C, and CM-cellulose hydrolyzing activity was most active at pH 5 and 45°C. The two activities were stable between pH 4.6 and 5.6. Microcrystalline cellulose hydrolyzing activi- ty was stable below 37°C, and CM-cellulose hydrolyzing activity was stable below 40°C.

Acid-treated cellulo6e with a little crystalline structure was hydrolyzed by crude enzymes from