stimulating beverages coffee seeds of coffea arabica native to mountain of ethiopia goats discovered...
TRANSCRIPT
STIMULATING BEVERAGESCOFFEE
• Seeds of Coffea arabica
• Native to mountain of Ethiopia
• Goats discovered stimulating properties of plant
• Caffeine-Alkaloid affects CNS
• Produced only by plants but can effect in animals
COFFEE PLANT-Coffea arabica
• Small evergreen tree or shrub with shiny leaves
• White flowers after fertilization develops a berry “coffee berry” red at maturity
• Within cherry, fleshy white pulp surrounds two greyish seeds
• Only seeds used for coffee production “Beans”
• Requires tropical and subtropical climates
• Cannot tolerate frost
• Fruiting starts 3-5 yrs of age and last for 35yrs
COFFEE TREE
COFFEE CHERRY AND BEANS
DEPULPING
• Wet Method (Latin America)
• Cherries floated in large tanks, residual pulp clinging to beans allowed to ferment upto 24hrs
• After fermentation, beans washed and dried and seed coats removed and roasted
• Dry Method: cherries dried while pulp ferments
FROM BEAN TO BREW
• Flavor and aroma depends upon art of roasting
• Temp. and time crucial factors
• Light roast preferred in North America at temp. of 212-218C
• Dark roasts at 240C
• Lighter the roast, sweeter flavor
• Darker beans bitter in taste
• Chemical reaction during roasting involve
• Conversion of starch into sugar, begins with temp. of 207C
• At slighter temp. (212-218C) sugars begin to caramelize and beans turn brown
• At 238C, carbonization begins as sugar begins to burn, leaving only carbon darkening bean
• Roasting may include release of essential oil Caffecol giving coffee its characteristics aroma
COFFEE VARIETIES
• Coffea arabica
• 60 other species of coffee
• C. canephora and C. liberica
• C. canephora grown in Asia and Africa has stronger and harder taste
• C. liberica bitter coffee and cultivated in Asia
• High mountain coffee are best, Jamaica Blue mountain finest one
DECAFFEINATION
• Decaffeination is generally achieved by
• Methylene chloride that removes caffeine
• Ethyl acetate
• Swiss water decaffeination method
• Green coffee beans soaked in an aqueous solution containing all chemical components present in coffee except caffeine
• Caffeine present in beans naturally diffuses out of beans in water
SUPERCRITICAL CO2 PROCESS
• CO2 acts both as liquid and a gas
• Beans soaked in water, their size increases, and dissolves caffeine
• Beans and water placed at top of large extraction vessel, filled with supercritical CO2
• As beans move to down of vessel (within 5hrs) caffeine and some water diffuses out of beans into CO2
• CO2 in its supercritical state can penetrate the beans as gas and can dissolve the caffeine as liquid
• 90-99% of caffeine removed through this method
• Decaffeinated beans removed and caffeine extracted from CO2 for use in soft drinks and pharmaceutical preparations
• Two cans of soft drinks contain caffeine present in a cup of coffee
• Caffeinism
• Caffeine induces birth defects
• Common additive in soft drinks
• Coca-cola may have (45.6mg) Pepsi-cola (38.4mg) Diet-coke (45.6mg) Mountain Dew (54mg) Brewed Tea (40mg) in 12 ounce serving
TEA-CAMELLIA SINENSIS
Tropical and sub-tropical climate
• Small tree, shrub native to China, India, Tibet
• Black Tea, Green tea
• Essential oils and tannins determine taste and aroma
• Aroma of boiling tea is due to its essential oil Theol
• Jasmine tea, a semifermented tea
• Tannins in tea responsible for staining teapots, teeth of habitual tea drinkers
• Black tea rich in tannins
• May have ant carcinogenic properties
• Polyphenols in tea interfere with key enzymes needed for cancer growth
• Use of green tea in sun blocks to prevent skin cancer
• Stimulating effect of tea due to caffeine and theophylline in leaves
• Within human body, during metabolism caffeine converted to theophylline
• Useful for asthma
• Asthmatics can get relief through drinking coffee or caffeine in emergency
CHOCOLATE
• Columbus introduced
Cacao beans to
Europeans in 1502
• Source cocoa
• seed of Theobroma
cacao
• Coca tree different from coca bush cocaine
• Cultivated initially in Mexico
• Aztec mythology, god Quetzalcoatl gave coca beans to Aztec people
• Coca beans offered as gift to gods
• Theobroma means “foods of the gods”
COLA NITIDA SEEDS
Cola nitida seeds...source of Coca-Cola drink containing 13.5% water, 9.5% crude protein, 7% cellulose, 3.8% ash, 2.8% caffeine, 0.05% theoborine and kolatine