sth segundo nivel prevalence lac march 2011

7/24/2019 STH Segundo Nivel Prevalence LAC MARCH 2011

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March 18/2011 PAHO NTD Team

Peaece ade f fec

f Saed

Heh LaAeca ad he

Cabbea CeMag a ecd adae ee

20002010

2011


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Pa Aeca Heah Ogaa

Ccabe Deae Pee ad C Pec

Peaece ad e f fec f Saed Heh La Aeca ad he Cabbea

Ce: Mag a ecd adae ee 20002010Wahg, D.C.: PAHO 2011

1. Bacgd

2. Obece

3. Mehdg

4. Oce

5. Dc

6. Cc

A gh eeed. Th dce a be eeed, aed, ced, edced, aaed fee,

a ee h ced ge he Pa Aeca Heah Ogaa. I ca be d

ed f ceca e. The eecc e f h dce ca be daded f:www.paho.org.

The dea eeed h dce ae e he eb f he ah.

Ree f fhe fa h bca ad he bca dced b Negeced ad

Paac Deae G, Ccabe Deae Pee ad C Pec, HSD/CD hd cac:

Paac ad Negeced Deae

Pa Aeca Heah Ogaa

525 Tehd See, N.W.

Wahg, DC 200372895

.ah.g.

Receded ca: Sab MI, Caa L, A SK, Nch RS. Peaece ad e f fec fSaed Heh La Aeca ad he Cabbea Ce: Mag a ecd

adae ee 20002010. Pa Aeca Heah Ogaa: Wahg D.C., 2011.
http://www.paho.org/http://www.paho.org/


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The PaAeca Heah Ogaa (PAHO) d e ee eca ha

ah h cbed h ce f he ae dec, he fee acce a

aaabe.

Gaef acedge eeded SABIN/GNNTD f he ha ade

be h dce a a f he La Aeca ad he Cabbea Iae f

NTD.

Gaef acedge a eeded D. Jh C edeg f he

IeAeca Deee Ba f h echca ee ad Eg. Rbe Se f

HSD/CD ec PAHO HQ f h f he daa ag eeed h

dce.


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CD49.R19: PAHO 49h Decg Cc Re 19 Ea f Negeced

Deae ad Ohe PeReaed Ifec

GIS: Gegahca Ifa Se

LAC: La Aeca ad he Cabbea

MDA: Ma Dg Ada

NID: Negeced Ifec Deae

PAHO/WHO: Pa Aeca Heah Ogaa / Wd Heah Ogaa

PSAC: Pechage chde

SAC: Schage chde

STH: STaed Heh STaed Hehae

AD:

AL:

HW: NA:

TT:

..: Yea d


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Ifec b , ad h (

) cc a e he d, aed ha

hgh , egea, fd ad ae caaed b feca ae ha ca he

egg f he aae.

A he gba ee eaed ha ea aae fec affec e ha

ehd f he d' a h he hghe ae chage chde (SAC).

Sg a cc beee 6 h ad 2 ea f age, hch ea h he

ed hch he aed heh beg eege. STH hae bee

dceed a cag ae f gh ad . The h daage

he ea ca eadg beedg, f ad aea. Ifec b

dce chc edc f fd ae. Dg egac, d

eee fec h h ca cae aea he he ad daage hefe, eadg bh egh. I aea hee heh ae c, deg

ace ca be de ce ce e ea he a a (h acce

ed aa face), cdg deg f ega e afe he f

ee. Deg dg egac a ha bee fd ef edce eee

aea aea, ceae bh egh ad edce fa a.

T he gegahca db f egeced ca deae ecea

dead he db f each f he deae, def aea h eag

ad fcae aea f egaed ee (eee chehea, heah

edca, ae ad aa, ec.). The edegca db f e

egeced ca deae e La Aeca ad he Cabbea ce

(LAC) (e.g. hac faa ad chceca); hee he db f

cha ad aed heh e e aed.

The a bece f h d a a he eaece ad e f fec b

aed heh f ech ad chage chde La Aeca ad

he Cabbea ce (LAC) a he ecd baa adae ee f he

ed 20002010, baed bbgahc ee f ae bhed f h e

ed. Daa ee eced age g : ech (14 ea d) ad

chage chde (514 ea d).

Oe daabae f cefc edca eae f MEDLINE (hgh PbMed

ebe), LILACS (cdg ScELO), BIREME, he Cchae Lba, he ebe f

Me f Heah, ebe f PAHO c ffce ad ebe f NGO (ha hae

eed deg ace LAC ce 2005) ee eached f ae bhed

he a 10 ea LAC (20002010). Pae Fech, Egh, Sah ad Pgee

h fee e acce f he f e ee cded. Hee, he abac ee


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fd f ce aea h fa STH e ad he ae f

e a aaabe e, he a ah a caced ba a f e c.

The eache ee ade g e ed b heah bae. A eache ee

eced f de ha ad f he ed 20002010, ad ee defed

c cea.

A a e f h ee, 236 ae ee eeced ad eeed f hch 120 e he

c cea f h d; f hee ae daa ee fd f 18 ce a he

ecd adae ee (Agea, Bee, Ba, Ba, Cba, Ca Rca,

Cba, Ecad, Gaeaa, Gaa, Ha, Hda, Mec, Ncaaga, Paaga, Pe,

Sa Lca ad Veeea). The be f daa aaabe eaece f STH f

PSAC (40 daa, 11.9%) a caed he daa bhed f SAC (190, 56.7%) ad f

chde beee 114 ea d (105, 31.3%) h hghghg. Th a a

chaege f he LAC ce a he ecea ee ch a deg

ecea he eaece de defe h a e e ea he

aaac dg hd be ge, ad cdc g ad eaa f

ge dg ceage.

A a fdg a ha 34.9% f he daa f eaece f STH bhed ad

eeced f h d hed ae beee >2050% ad 27.8% abe 50% f

eaece, hch dcae ha ae deg eed, ce ce e ea,

eece. The daa baed ae a de defe he ee

e aea h he ce cded h dce, ad gh be ed ehe a

a f he baee daa a a f he eaa f ge ad he

acheee f he deg ga he Aeca Reg (Fg. 1 ad 2).

The be f daa bhed f e f fec f STH LAC f he ed

20002010 hghghed h d, ad eeca he ac f daa bhed f h

dca ce 2006 a ecd adae ee, ag acc ha h

fa a ac he deae ad eaae he ac chde

heah. 151 daa f e f STH fec ee fd f 7 ce: Agea,

Ba, Ba, Cba, Ecad, Hda ad Veeea. Of hee daa, 28.5% (43

daa) hed hea e (28 f ) ad 34.4% (52 daa)

deae e f fec. The daa f hea e f fec ee fd

a f SAC, de he hghe be f bhed daa ha ee fd f h age

g. Afe eeg he daa fd f eaece ad e f fec f STH LAC, Tabe 1 ad 2 h a a f he a fdg ad a a e

he ga he fa eeded ae f fed dec LAC ce.


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1. A A 19952009

2. A A 19952009.


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1.

, 19952009.

A A 114 A A 114

. . . . . .

Agea 20.3 66.7 6.0 71.4 0 88.9 AL

Bee 55.0 34.4 77.0 66.2 AL, TT

Ba 16.1 11.6 24.3 2.0 76.1

Ba 0 80.3 1.2 9.3 0.7 85.3 AL, HW AL, HW AL, HW

Che

Cba 0.9 26.2 5.17 43.1 2.0 9.9 AL, TT, HW

Ca Rca 21.0 41.0 26.8 36.0

Cba 0.8 1.8 24 40.5

Dca

Dca Rebc

Ecad 19.6 35.5 3.7 63.4 20.1 55.3 AL, TT, HW

E Saad Fech Gaa

Gadee

Gaeaa 10.2 63.3 42.0 47.0

Gaa 28.2

Ha 20.6 73.7 29.3

Hda 7.4 78.0 6.6 93.0 11.7 89.2 AL AL AL

Jaaca

Mae

Mec 6.9 0.8 53.0 3.7 6.0

Ncaaga 10.9 84.4

Paaa

Paaga 5.1

Pe 1.6 77.9 6.8 18.4

Pe Rc

Sa Lca 8.5 22.5

Sae* 2.1

Tdad & Tbag

Uga

Veeea 1.96 11.0 5.07 82.5 2.86 70.3 AL, TT, AD

AD: , AL: , HW: , TT:

*Sae deeed a aa e dg 2010 f STH, hee he daa ae h bca b

Feba 2011.

F he NLa Cabbea ce a fd daa: Aga, Aga & Babda, Aba,Bahaa, Babad, Caa Iad, Geada, Mea, Nehead Ae, Sa K ad Ne,

Sa Vce ad he Geade, T & Cac Iad, Vg Iad (UK), Vg Iad (US)


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2.

, 19952009.

A A 114 A A 114

#

#

#

#

#

#

Agea 2 2007 11 2007 19 2007 2 2001

Bee 1 2004 3 2005 1 2004

Ba 1 2004 5 2004 6 2008 24 1997

Ba 18 2008 50 2009 20 2009 6 2004 7 2005 11 2005

Che

Cba 4 2008 4 2008 3 2000 9 1999

Ca Rca 1 1998 1 1998 2 2005

Cba 1 1998 7 2004 1 2007

Dca

DcaRebc

Ecad 2 2005 5 2003 4 2003 6 2003 4 2003

E Saad

Fech

Gaa

Gadee

Gaeaa 7 2007 7 2009

Gaa 1 2002

Ha 11 2002 1 2001

Hda 7 1999 36 2005 23 2001 21 1998 21 1998 21 1998

Jaaca

Mae Mec 1 2007 25 2005 2 1998

Ncaaga 5 2005

Paaa

Paaga 2 2001

Pe 9 2005 2 2007

Pe Rc

Sa Lca 8 2005

Sae* 7 2010 7 2010

Tdad &

Tbag

Uga

Veeea 2 2008 9 2008 5 2008 20 2003

*Sae deeed a aa e dg 2010 f STH, hee he daa ae h bca b

Feba 2011.

F he NLa Cabbea ce a fd daa: Aga, Aga & Babda, Aba,

Bahaa, Babad, Caa Iad, Geada, Mea, Nehead Ae, Sa K ad Ne,

Sa Vce ad he Geade, T & Cac Iad, Vg Iad (UK), Vg Iad (US)


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The daa fd f chde beee 114 ea d f eaece f STH (105 daa,

31.3%) cd be ed a a f he eaece f STH a ecd adae ee

f hee ee daa daggegaed b PSAC ad SAC aaabe. Hee cd be

dffc a he deg ace, de he dffeece beee chde h

ae eed he edca e (514 ea d) . chde de 5 ea h ae

. Hece, dffee aege ae eed each dffee age g hdeg ace.

The ga he eaece ad e f fec daa e a eae

fa ae edecebaed dec a aa ad baa ee f

g chd heah, eeca edce he bde f ea aac .

Th a cd be de he ac f ee h e b heah ahe,

eeach g ad he g LAC ha hae geae ee he bc

heah e. I cd a be caed b a edc daa bhed a,

abece f bca f e de de a he ca ee.

Udeadg hee he a a ae caed, cdg he cecc

ad eea cd, fdaea f aae aca f ece

ad dee ceffece c ee. I aca, a f eabe

ea f he ea dg eed f ga ad f effce gegahca ageg

f c eff1. The ece gba db f STH fec ad h a

ee ae feced ad a f bd, hee, ea defed. Th

, h aa gee ad eaa gaa defe ad age

ece cba he deae bde de STH fec2.

Mag f daa f eaece ad e f fec f STH LAC f 20002010 b

beg ad ce ded fa egadg ga ag, ad aa fa egadg aea ha eed deg ace f PSAC ad

SAC. The e f h d h e ce h abece f fa f

eaece ad e f STH fec, a e a he h daed ece

daa bhed. Dffeece he beed eaece f STH fec h

cae ee a aed.

I ecea ad ge dae he ag f eaece ad e f

fec f STH de ae bee edecebaed dec egadg deg

ace. The daa aaabe f PSAC ae ffce he ea a f STH

eaece ad e f fec, ad ahgh e daa f SAC a eefd, hee daa ae f e ce ad e ecd adae ee.

1Be S, Mchae E. The ea f gegahca fa e ad ee eg he

edeg ad c f ha heh fec. 2000;47:245288.2 Be, S, Cee, A, Bd, D. Gba edeg, ecg ad c f aed

heh fec. . 2006 ; 62: 221261.


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I a ecea h he eaa eeach ageda h gee ad

g f ee de dee STH ag ace. The ag ecea

de hee he a a ae, hch age g ae a f STH

fec, he cae hch he ahe eed fc he (f hee

daa ae aaabe), ad a f g ad eaa e hgh e

de he ac f ee, deg, b a ,edca, ad eea ee ad egaed ac edce chd

bd ad a ad e chd deee.

Wh egh, accae ad ecfc daa ab STH eaece ad e f

fec b age g (PSAC ad SAC) LAC be dffc def h cea

he a ga, ece eeded ad ace hee fc egaed ac, cdg

deg, be fced, de each he ega ad gba ga f

deg chde a .


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A

: 20002010

Th dce ee he e f a dece d f eaece ad e f

fec f aed heh (STH) fec f 20002010 LAC caed

b he Rega Pga f Negeced ad Paac Deae f he Pa Aeca Heah

Ogaa, a a ae adace he ag f e Negeced Deae

de ae bee edecebaed dec egadg deg ace f a

a.

Th e ha hee e: 1) h he db, hgh ag, f he

daa bhed f ech age chde (PSAC) ad chage chde (SAC) f

eaece ad e f fec f STH he a 10 ea, a a ea def

he ga e, 2) def aea hee deg gh be ecea, ce ce e ea, baed he eaece fd a he ecd adae ee LAC,

g he daa bhed a a f he ce edegca a he

Reg, ad 3) ee a a efeece dce f ca b gee,

eeach g, gaa ad he eeed edegca fa a a

f defg deg eed a ca ee.

Th dce ee e f 120 ae cded (236 eeed) ad daa f 18

ce. The e ae eeed b beg LAC, accdg h he b

ega cafca ade b PAHO f he aa bca f he Heah Sa

he Aeca: Bac dca, de gae he fa ad facae

eadg ad d ecfc ca. Daa h each beg ae eeed b

c.

The eade ca fd abe ha h daa daggegaed a ca ee, hch ca

fa ab he d ace, ea ad he eaece fd, cdg eaece

b ece, ad e daa ab e f fec. Th fa

ceeed b a b beg facae he gegahca ee f he

daa.

Th a f dece aach h h daabae, becae PAHO eec e

a ecd hae hee eaece daa be aaed ad agaed h cecc ad eea aabe de eaae daa f aea h

eaece edc he eaece aea h daa b h a

ca, ecc ad eea cd.


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Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................... 2Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ 3Executive summary ............................................................................................................. 4

Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 11

1. Background ................................................................................................................... 202. Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 23

2.1. General objective.................................................................................................... 23

2.2. Specific objectives.................................................................................................. 233. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 24

3.1. Study design ........................................................................................................... 24

3.2. Information sources ................................................................................................ 243.3. Variables................................................................................................................. 263.4. Inclusion criteria for papers: .................................................................................. 27

3.5. Analysis of information .......................................................................................... 27

4. Outcomes ....................................................................................................................... 29

4.1. Papers included for analysis: 120 papers, 18 countries.................................... 29

4.2. Data of prevalence and intensity of infection of STH included in this study .. 30

4.3. Mapping of the general situation of prevalence and intensity of infection of

STH in LAC, 2000-2010.............................................................................................. 43

4.3.1. Mapping for prevalence and intensity of infection of STH for Mexico........ 46

4.3.2. Mapping for prevalence and intensity of infection of STH for the Central

American Isthmus countries...................................................................................... 494.3.3. Mapping for prevalence and intensity of infection of STH for the Latin

Caribbean countries.................................................................................................... 59

4.3.4. Mapping for prevalence and intensity of infection of STH for the Non Latin

Caribbean countries.................................................................................................... 62

4.3.5. Mapping for prevalence and intensity of infection of STH for the Andean

area countries............................................................................................................... 63

4.3.5. Mapping for prevalence and intensity of infection of STH for Brazil......... 70

4.3.6. Mapping for prevalence and intensity of infection of STH for the Southern

Cone countries............................................................................................................. 785. Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 83

6. Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 95REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 97


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GENERAL

Tabe 1. Thehd f e f fec b STH ece.......................................... 25

Tabe 2. Def f aabe cded he daabae f eaece ad e

f fec f STH, 20002010......................................................................................... 26

Tabe 3. Nbe f daa f eaece f STH ad eaece b ece f STH

cded he ee, 19952009................................................................................... 31

Tabe 4. Nbe f daa fd f e f fec b ece f STH cded

he ee, 19952009...................................................................................................... 32

Tabe 5. Nbe f daa f eaece f STH b age g cded he ee,

19952009......................................................................................................................... 33

Tabe 6. Nbe f daa f eaece f STH b age g ad c, cded heee, 19952009............................................................................................................. 34

Tabe 7. Nbe f daa b age f eaece f STH, LAC 19952009...................... 36

Tabe 8. Nbe f daa f eaece f STH b age g, ea ad ece, cded

he ee, LAC 19952009........................................................................................... 37

Tabe 9. Nbe f daa f e f fec f STH b hehd, cded he

ee, 19952009............................................................................................................. 39

Tabe 10. Nbe f daa f e f fec b ece f STH, ea ad age g,

LAC 19952009.................................................................................................................. 39

Tabe 11. Nbe f daa f hea e f fec b c ad age g,

cded he ee, 19952009 LAC........................................................................ 41

Tabe 12. L f ce b beg LAC, PAHO.................................................... 43

MEXICO

Tabe 13. Daa fd f eaece f STH e 20% f SAC a f Mec,

19952009......................................................................................................................... 47

CENTRAL AMERICAN ISTHMUS COUNTRIES

Tabe 14. Daa fd f eaece f STH e 20% f PSAC a f he Cea

Aeca Ih Ce, 19952009.......................................................................... 50

Tabe 15. Daa fd f eaece f STH e 20% f SAC a f he Cea

Aeca Ih Ce, 19952009.......................................................................... 52

Tabe 16. Peaece f STH b ece h eaece ae e 50% f SAC

a daa fd f he Cea Aeca Ih Ce, 19952009........ 54

Tabe 17. Daa fd f eaece f STH h ae e 20% f chde 114 ea

d f he Cea Aeca Ih Ce, 19952009........................................... 56


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Tabe 18. Daa fd f eaece f STH b ece h ae e 50% f chde

114 ea d f he Cea Aeca Ih Ce, 19952009......................... 57

LATIN CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES

Tabe 19. Daa fd f eaece f STH e 20% f SAC a f he LaCabbea Ce, 19952009...................................................................................... 60

Tabe 20. Daa fd f eaece f STH b ece h ae e 20% f SAC

a f he La Cabbea Ce, 19952009............................................... 60

ANDEAN AREA COUNTRIES

Tabe 21. Daa fd f eaece f STH h ae e 20% f PSAC a

f he Adea aea ce, 19952009....................................................................... 63

Tabe 22. Daa fd f eaece f STH h ae abe 20% f SAC a

f he Adea aea ce, 19952009....................................................................... 64

Tabe 23. Daa fd f eaece f STH b ece h ae e 50% f SACa f he Adea aea ce, 19952009.................................................... 65

Tabe 24. Daa fd f hea e f fec b ece f SAC a f

he Adea aea Ce, 19952009............................................................................ 68

Tabe 25. Daa fd f eaece f STH h ae abe 20% f chde 114

ea d f he Adea aea ce, 19952009....................................................... 69


beee 114 ea d f he Adea aea ce, 19952009................................ 69

BRAZIL

Tabe 27. Daa fd f eaece f STH h ae abe 20% f PSAC a

f Ba, 19952009......................................................................................................... 70

Tabe 28. Daa fd f eaece f STH b ece h ae e 50% f PSAC

a f Ba, 19952009...................................................................................... 71


f Ba, 19952009......................................................................................................... 73

Tabe 30. Daa fd f eaece f STH h ae beee >20 50% f SAC

a f Ba, 19952009...................................................................................... 73

Tabe 31. Daa fd f eaece f STH b ece h ae e 50% f SAC

a f Ba, 19952009...................................................................................... 74

Tabe 32. Daa fd f eaece f STH h ae e 50% f chde de 14ea d f Ba, 19952009......................................................................................... 76

Tabe 33. Daa fd f eaece f STH h ae beee >20 50% f chde

de 14 ea d f Ba, 19952009.......................................................................... 76


114 ea d f Ba, 19952009................................................................................. 77


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SOUTHERN CONE COUNTRIES

Tabe 35. Daa fd f eaece f STH h ae abe 20% f PSAC a

f Agea, 19952009.................................................................................................. 79


f Agea, 19952009.................................................................................................. 80Tabe 37. Daa fd f eaece f STH h ae abe 20% f chde de 14

ea d f Agea, 19952009.................................................................................. 81

Tabe 38. Daa fd f eaece f SHT b ece h ae abe 50% f

chde 114 ea d f Agea, 19952009............................................................ 82

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

Tabe 39. Nbe f PSAC ad SAC a f STH fec ad be f chde

eed a deed b he Cea Aeca h ce, 2009..................... 87


eed a deed b he N La Cabbea ce, 2009.............................. 89


eed a deed b he Adea Aea ce, 2009.......................................... 91

Tabe 42. Nbe f daa f eaece ad e f fec cded b c

ad b age g, 19952009........................................................................................... 93

Tabe 43. Thehd f eceage f STH eaece ad ece f STH eaed h

hea e f fec fd b c ad b age g, 19952009.................. 94


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GENERAL

Fge 1. Peaece f aed heh accdg eg de, LAC,

19982007......................................................................................................................... 22

Fge 2. Pae h daa f eaece ad e f fec f STH cded b

c LAC, 20002010................................................................................................ 30

Fge 3. Nbe f daa cded b ea f eaece ad e f fec b

STH, 19952009................................................................................................................. 30

Fge 4. Peceage f daa f eaece f STH b ece cded he 19952009

ee LAC..................................................................................................................... 32

Fge 5. P f daa f e f fec f STH cded he ee,

19952009 LAC.............................................................................................................. 33

Fge 6. P f daa f eaece f STH b age g cded he ee,

LAC 19952009.................................................................................................................. 34

Fge 7. Nbe f daa f eaece f STH b ea ad age g, cded he

ee, LAC 19952009..................................................................................................... 35

Fge 8. P f daa b age f eaece f STH, cded he ee

LAC 19952009.................................................................................................................. 36

Fge 9. P f daa bhed f eaece f STH b age g ad ece,

LAC 19952009.................................................................................................................. 38

Fge 10. P f daa f e f fec b age g ad ece, 1995

2009 LAC............................................................................................................................ 40Fge 11. Nbe f daa f e f fec b ea ad age g, 19952009

LAC..................................................................................................................................... 40

Fge 12. Nbe f daa f hea e f fec b age g ad ece,

19952009......................................................................................................................... 41

Fge 13. Nbe f daa f deae e f fec b age g ad ece,

19952009 LAC.............................................................................................................. 42

Fge 14. Nbe f daa f gh e f fec b age g ad ece, 1995

2009 LAC........................................................................................................................ 42

Fge 15. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f PSAC LAC 19952009................. 44

Fge 16. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f SAC LAC 19952009................... 44

Fge 17. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f chde beee 114 ea d

LAC 19952009.................................................................................................................. 45

Fge 18. Daa bhed f e f fec f PSAC a LAC 1995

2009................................................................................................................................... 46

Fge 19. Daa bhed f e f fec f SAC a LAC 19952009.

........................................................................................................................................... 46


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MEXICO

Fge 20. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f PSAC f Mec, 19952009......... 47

Fge 21. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f SAC f Mec, 19952009........... 48Fge 22. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f chde beee 114 ea d f

Mec, 19952009............................................................................................................ 49

CENTRAL AMERICAN ISTHMUS COUNTRIES

Fge 23. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f PSAC ce f Cea

Aeca Ih, 19952009.......................................................................................... 50

Fge 24. Daa bhed f e f fec b f PSAC

ce f Cea Aeca Ih, 19952009......................................................... 51

Fge 25. Daa bhed f e f fec b f PSAC

ce f Cea Aeca Ih, 19952009......................................................... 51Fge 26. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f SAC he Cea Aeca Ih

ce, 19952009........................................................................................................ 52

Fge 27. Daa bhed f e f fec b f SAC

ce f Cea Aeca Ih, 19952009......................................................... 54


ce f Cea Aeca Ih, 19952009......................................................... 55

Fge 29. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f chde beee 114 ea d f

he Cea Aeca Ih ce, 19952009....................................................... 55

Fge 30. Daa bhed f e f fec b f chde

beee 114 ea d f he Cea Aeca Ih ce, 19952009.......... 58Fge 31. Daa bhed f e f fec b f chde

beee 114 ea d f he Cea Aeca Ih ce, 19952009.......... 58

LATIN CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES

Fge 32. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f PSAC f he La Cabbea

ce, 19952009........................................................................................................ 59

Fge 33. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f SAC f he La Cabbea

ce, 19952009........................................................................................................ 60


he La Cabbea ce, 19952009........................................................................ 61

NON-LATIN CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES


he NLa Cabbea ce, 19952009................................................................ 62


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ANDEAN AREA COUNTRIES

Fge 36. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f PSAC f he Adea aea ce,

19952009......................................................................................................................... 63

Fge 37. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f SAC f he Adea aea ce,

19952009......................................................................................................................... 64Fge 38. Daa bhed f e f fec b f SAC f

he Adea aea ce, 19952009............................................................................ 66

Fge 39. Daa bhed f e f fec b f SAC f he

Adea aea ce, 19952009................................................................................... 66


f he Adea aea ce, 19952009....................................................................... 67

Fge 41. Daa bhed f e f fec b h f SAC f he

Adea aea ce, 19952009................................................................................... 67


he Adea aea ce, 19952009............................................................................ 69

BRAZIL

Fge 43. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f PSAC f Ba, 19952009............ 70

Fge 44. Daa bhed f e f fec b f PSAC f

Ba, 19952009............................................................................................................... 72

Fge 45. Daa bhed f e f fec b h f PSAC f Ba,

19952009......................................................................................................................... 72

Fge 46. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f SAC f Ba, 19952009.............. 74

Fge 47. Daa bhed f e f fec b f SAC f

Ba, 19952009............................................................................................................... 75Fge 48. Daa bhed f e f fec b h f SAC f Ba,

19952009......................................................................................................................... 75

Fge 49. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f chde beee 114 ea f

Ba, 19952009............................................................................................................... 76


beee 114 ea d f Ba, 19952009.................................................................. 77

Fge 51. Daa bhed f e f fec b h f chde beee

114 ea d f Ba, 19952009................................................................................. 78


beee 114 ea d f Ba, 19952009.................................................................. 78

SOUTHERN CONE COUNTRIES

Fge 53. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f PSAC f he She Ce

ce, 19952009........................................................................................................ 79

Fge 54. Daa bhed f eaece f STH f SAC f he She Ce

ce, 19952009........................................................................................................ 80


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19



he She Ce ce, 19952009......................................................................... 81


beee 114 ea d f he She Ce ce, 19952009............................ 82


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1.

Heh fec e a gea bde a he deeg d

e b, c ad effece bc heah ee ae aaabe eeeha bde ad de a bee a f fe f ee eg3.

The f c aed heh ae d (

), h ( ), ad he ahhc h

( ad ). Rece dde eae gge

ha fec 1.221 b ee, 795 , ad h

740 . The geae be f STH fec cc he Aeca, Cha ad

Ea Aa, ad SbSahaa Afca. a a c STH

e f hee eg, ahgh deaed fa he eaece f

gda acg becae f he dffce dagg ha fec. Thefe cce f , , ad h f a geea ae. The ad

aae age hab he gaea ac ( ad h he a

ee; he c), edce ea, ad dce egg, hch ae

aed ha fece ad deed he eea ee4.

A he gba ee eaed ha ea aae fec affec e ha

ehd f he d' a h he hghe ae chage chde.

Sg a cc beee 6 h ad 2 ea f age, hch ea h he

ed hch he aed heh beg eege. STH hae bee

dceed a cag ae f gh ad . The h daage

he ea ca eadg beedg, f ad aea. Ifec b

dce chc edc f fd ae. Dg egac, d

eee fec h h ca cae aea he he ad daage he

fe, eadg bh egh. I aea hee heh ae c, deg

ace ca be de ce ce e ea he a a (h acce

ed aa face), cdg deg f ega e afe he f

ee. Deg dg egac a ha bee fd ef edce eee

aea aea, ceag bh egh ad edcg fa a.

Thee edece ha cea deae ha ega eae f heh

3 WHO. Peee chehea ha heha: cdaed e f ahehc dg

c ee: a aa f heah fea ad gae aage. Geea, 2006.4Pee J. He, Dad A. P. Bd, Kahee Beege, S Be, Lee Dae, Nah de Sa,

A Me, D Ege, Mahe Je, Lee Ch, Jeffe Ch, Raaa Laaaa,

Cahee M. Mchad, Jeff Beh, Rdg CeaOea, Xa ShHa, Aa Fec, ad Le

Sa, "Heh Ifec: STaed Heh Ifec ad Scha." 2006.

( ),, 467482. Ne Y: Ofd Ue Pe.

DOI: 10.1596/9780821361795/Ch24.


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22


eeca e ce h e daa bhed egadg STH eaece

(See Fg. 1).

1. , A,

19982007.

I 2001, he Wd Heah Aeb hgh Re WHO/54.19, ged a Mebe

Sae hee aed hehae ae edec aa a age f

ega ada f chehea a ea 75% ad 100% f a SAC a f bd b 2010.

O Ocbe 2009 PAHO Decg Cc aed he Re CD49.R19 hch

eee he ce f PAHO ebe Sae f he ea edc f

egeced deae ad he fec deae cea ee ch a hee deae

ae ge cdeed bc heah be b he ea 2015, ad he achee

he Me Deee Ga MDG 1 ad MDG 6 eaed heah, ag

he MDG.7

I he PAHO Re g f NID ee defed: G 1: e deae ha

hae a geae ea f beg eaed h aaabe ceffece ee

(Chaga deae [dec ec bea], cgea h, ha abe

aed b dg, e, hac faa, aaa [ he ad f a Haa,

Cea Aeca ad She Ce], eaa ea, chceca, age ad

7PAHO. Re CD49.R19. Ea f egeced deae ad he e eaed fec.

Ocbe 2009.


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23


acha) ad G 2: deae he eaece ca be daca edced h

aaabe ceffece ee (cha ad aed

hehae). Regadg STH he fg ga be eached b 2015 ee defed:

edce eaece ag SAC hgh aea (eaece >50%) e ha 20%

eaece a eaed b aae egg c8.

Oe f he a aege edce he eaece f STH PSAC ad SAC a

eee chehea hgh a dg ada f deg dg

aea h a a (h acce ed aa face) ad h

eaece ae beee >20 ad 50% (ce e ea) >50 (ce e ea);

hee he eae dcaed a a ddaed ee.

I LAC hee ae 13 f PSAC ad 32 f SAC a f ffeg

aed heh fec9. Hee, ecea he ae f

eaece ad e f fec f STH a ecd adae ee de

fc he deg ace a e a he a ee edce he

bde f bd de STH fec.

2.

T a he eaece ad e f fec b aed heh f e

ch ad chage chde La Aeca ad he Cabbea ce (LAC) a

he ecd baa adae ee.

- T ba fa egadg eaece ad e f STH fec a ecd

adae ee (cae) f LAC he ed 20002010 baed he

ee f ae bhed daabae ch a MEDLINE, LILACS, BIREME, he

Cchae ba, he ebe f Me f Heah (MH), ebe f PAHO

c ffce ad ebe f NGO hch hae eed deg ace

LAC ce 2005.

- T a he eaece ad e f STH fec a ecd adae ee

adace he edegca fe f Negeced Ifec Deae LAC, a a

8PAHO. Re CD49.R19. Ea f egeced deae ad he e eaed fec.

Ocbe 2009.9The ea f PSAC ad SAC a a a ade b PAHO baed he be f a

a b c ad b age g (UN a daabae, Re. 2008), ad ag he

eceage f a h acce ed aa face b c eed he

Heah Sa he Aeca: Bac dca, 2009.


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24


ce fcae deg ad he ee a he ca

ee (.e. aa, heah edca, ec.).

- T def ga STH ag LAC ce ad def aea f

eea f deg ace.

3.

A ceca dece d f eaece ad e f fec f STH f

20002010 LAC a deged baed bbgahc ee f ae bhed f

h e ed. Daa ee eced age g : ech (14 ea d)

ad chage chde (514 ea d).

Oe daabae f cefc edca eae f MEDLINE (hgh PbMed

ebe), LILACS (cdg ScELO), BIREME, he Cchae Lba, he ebe f

Me f Heah, ebe f PAHO c ffce ad ebe f NGO (ha hae

eed deg ace LAC ce 2005) ee eached f ae bhed

he a 10 ea LAC (20002010). Pae Fech, Egh, Sah ad Pgee

h fee e acce f he f e ee cded. Hee, he abac ee

fd f ce aea h fa STH e ad he ae f

e a aaabe e, he a ah a caced ba a f e c.

Se ae ee chaed f he bhe he he ee cdeed a hag

eea fa f he d bece, ad heee a be haea fee f e e.

The eache ee ade g e ed b heah bae. A eache ee

eced f de ha ad f he ed 20002010.

The fg Meh e ad bheadg ee ed f eache PbMed:

(("Heha"[Meh] OR ("Heha/edeg"[Meh] OR

"Heha/aag"[Meh] OR "Heha/ac ad eca

daa"[Meh]))) AND ("Chd"[Meh] OR ("Chd/edeg"[Meh] OR "Chd/ac

ad eca daa"[Meh]))

The fg e ee a ed f eache PbMed ece e ae:

Peaece ea aae chd eced b c, beg LAC

(Cea Aeca Ih, La Cabbea, Adea aea, She ce, NLa

Cabbea) ad d ea bca.


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25


S aed heh eaece eced b c, beg LAC

(Cea Aeca Ih, La Cabbea, Adea aea, She ce, NLa

Cabbea) ad d ea bca.

h

b c, beg LAC (Cea Aeca Ih,

La Cabbea, Adea aea, She ce, NLa Cabbea) ad d eabca.

F eachg ae BIREME ad LILACS daabae, he fg e ee ed

adda:

Heha AND eaece b c ad LAC

Iea aae AND eaece b c ad LAC

Oce he ae ee eceed, a c a aed c Acba Reade

Mcf Wd fa.

Whee e had bee caed eea aea h a c, deae/ae

ca ad he e ee eeed a gegahca daggegaed ae,

hee daa ee eaed eaae ahe ha a a ge daa e. Daa eaece

ae a eeed he f f a eceage, h ae agg f 0 100.

Adda, he eceage f e f fec ee egeed he he d

eeed hee daa, b gegahca daggega, aae ece ad age g.

The e f fec a egeed a b e ee a defed b WHO

gdee (hea, deae ad gh)10 (Tabe 1).

1. .

14,999 eg 5,00049,999 eg 50,000 eg

1999 eg 1,0009,999 eg 10,000 eg

11,999 eg 2,0003,999 eg 4,000 eg

Sce: WHO. Heh c chage chde: a gde f aage f c gae,

2002, Geea.

10WHO. Helminth control in school-age children: a guide for managers of control programmes, 2002,

Geneva.


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26


A daabae Mcf Ece h a e f aabe decbed he Tabe 2 a

ceaed.

2. , 20002010.

Idefca be Na Seece be aged b daa egeed

C ae Na Cee c ae

C ae cde Na Ac b c de PAHO dea

F adae ee Na Cee ae f f adae ee h each c

accdg h he dea b c

F adae ee

cde

Na Sea cde (ee ad be) aged b c f each f

adae ee

Secd adaeee

Na Cee ae f ecd adae ee h each caccdg h he dea b c

Secd adae

ee cde

Na Sea cde (ee ad be) aged b c f each

ecd adae ee

Mca ae Na Cee ca ae hee d a cdced.

Lca ae Na Cee ca ae hee d a cdced. Whe he

d a cdced a ecfc c ace (ch,

hae, dge ee, ec.) he ca ae a

ceed h dea eabhed he ae.

Lade C

eca

aabe

The aga dace h h f he eah' ea,

eaed degee ag a eda, a a a gbe. Whe

ade a eed h he ae, h eae a

cacaed h Gge Ma b each ecfc c ace ad ca ae.

Lgde C

eca

aabe

The aga dace he eah' face eaed ag a

ade e ch a he ea ea e f hee eda.

Whe gde a eed h he ae, h eae

a cacaed h Gge Ma b each ecfc

c ace ad ca ae.

Sae e Dcee

eca

aabe

Nbe f chde cded h each d b age g

Cae eaece f

STH fec (efeed

h d a eaece f

STH)

C

eca

aabe

Peaece f fec h a ea e STH, eeed a

eceage f feced dda h a heh (

, , H:

ad ). Th aabe a fed a ecd

adae ee.

Peaece f fec b

heh ece

C

eca

aabe

Peceage f feced dda h each heh ece a

a. Th aabe a fed a ecd adae ee.

Age g Oda The age aabe a dded h hee caege: 1) Pech

age chdePSAC (14 ea d), 2) Sch age chdeSAC (514

ea d), ad 3) 114 ea d. Whe he ae dd hae daa
http://www.answers.com/topic/prime-meridianhttp://www.answers.com/topic/prime-meridian


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27


dffeeaed b PSAC ad SAC, daa ee egeed a 114 ea

d.

Paac ece Na I a ceaed a ac b aac ece: AL:

, TT: , HW: H (cde

ad ), NA: ad AD: .

Ie f fec Oda The e f fec a eae f he be f

fecg a dda. The e f fec a egeed b

aac ece a gh, deae ad hea. Th aabe a

fed a ecd adae ee.

Yea f d Dcee

eca

aabe

Daa f eaece ad e f fec ee egeed

h he daabae accdg he ea hch he d a

caed , he ea f d bca.

The c cea f daa egadg eaece ad e f fec f STH ee he

fg:

Sde caed a ecd adae ee (cae) LAC he

ed 20002010.

Sde h daa f eaece f STH daggegaed b age g, eeca f he

d a cded ad (>18).

Sde eg a eaece f STH eaece b STH ece e

f fec b ece.

Sde chde h efa. The eha cd cae eea

f eaece daa b age g. Thee ee ec f ae e.

If a ae bhed he ed 2000 2010 cded daa f ae ae befe

1995, he ae a cded. Whe he e f e f fec dd

ee he WHO aaee b ece11

, hee daa ee cded.

A Mcf Ece fe a gaed, fg he Vace

gdee eabhed b he Ieaa Cee f Medca Ja Ed,

de hae a bbgahc daabae f ae fd f h d. Each ae a

aed b defca cde (c ac, ea f d ad a ae f he

11WHO. Heh c chage chde. A gde f aage ad c

gae, 2002. Geea


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28


a ah). Fe f ae ee gaed b c ad ea, ad he ae ee

gaed b fe ag dffeea beee cded ad ecded ae.

A Mcf Ece fe a

gaed cdg he aabe decbed h Tabe 2. B c, daa e a

ade accdg h he daa fd each ae. Whe he ae eed daa fe ha e ace, c ca, he daa ee eeed f each ace

cded he d Th he ea h he be f daa h he d

bgge ha he be f ae cded.

F each ae, daa ee egeed f he ea hch he d a deeed ad

b ea f d bca. Ahgh ae bhed beee 2000 ad 2010

ee eached, daa ee fd f de ade befe 2000. I h cae a

decded cde daa ce 1995. F ae h ecfc fa ab ea

f d, he ea f bca a ecded. Daa f 2010 ee fd becae

he de ee ade befe he ea f he ae bca. Th ea h he

e be eeed f he e ed 19952009.

Daa f eaece ad e f fec f STH ee egeed b age g, PSAC

ad SAC eece. If he d dd cde daa daggegaed f PSAC ad SAC

a, daa ee egeed f he 114 ea d age g f ha daa ee

a ea eeed f chde de 18 ea d.

I cae hch he de dd e he eaece f STH b eed

eaece f heh (eade, cede ad eade), h a daa a

aed a eaece f STH. If he d eed eaece f ea

aae geea, hee daa ee aed a eaece f STH becae hecded aae he ha heh. If he d eed eaece

ae b ece f STH b eaece f STH, he hghe eaece ag

ece f STH a egeed a eaece f STH, ag acc ha f he

d e a a he hgh aea ha ee deg

ace.

Whe he de eed eaece e f fec b STH eaed

befe ad afe e ee (e.g. deg, heah edca, ea

hgee, ec.), daa ee egeed befe he ecfc ee eed h

he d (baee daa). Th a a a aed f he d cdedca beee e ce (h h ee); hee

cae baee daa f he ce cded.

A dece aa f ae cded h he bbgahc ee a ade. The

ag ad aa f eaece ad e f fec f STH a dded 7


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beg f LAC (Mec, Cea Aeca Ih, La Cabbea, Adea Aea,

Ba, She Ce ad N La Cabbea) ad b age g. A g f a

ee ceaed b beg, hg eaece ad e f fec f STH b age

g a ca ee f daa egeed beee he ed 20002010. Saca

aa ad ag a efed g Mcf Ece ad Tabea 6.0 fae.

The fg eaece age ee defed f ag: de 1%, 110%, >10%

20%, >20% 50% ad >50%. Thee aaee ee defed accdg ce

gdee f dec ag de def he be f de e ea f

deg eeded a ca ee. The ag fa he Gba Aa f

Heh Ifec (A eacce fa ece he db f

aed heh ad cha) a a eeed de e he ae

age f eaece ad facae he ca f daa beee d eg

ad ce.12

4.

4.1. 120 , 1

I a 236 ae ee fd he ee, hch cded ae f 28 ce

LAC; hee, afe feg b c cea, 120 ae ee cded h he

daabae f bee aa. I a, fa a egeed f 18 ce

LAC ha ced 1,022 daa (cdg eaece ad e f fec f

STH). Thee ce ee Agea, Bee, Ba, Ba, Cba, Ca Rca, Cba,

Ecad, Gaeaa, Gaa, Ha, Hda, Mec, Ncaaga, Paaga, Pe, Sa

Lca ad Veeea. A a eaed he ehdg chae, he ed f h

ee a 20002010; hee a he ea hch he d a deeed ha

a egeed. A a ceece daa ce 1995 ee egeed.

The hghe be f ae cded h he daabae a f Ba h 39.5%

(39 ae). F e ce a Sa Lca, Paaga, Ncaaga ad Gaa

e ae a fd ad cded f each e (Fg. 2).

I a e ha daa f 2010 ee fd, becae he ae bhed 2010 ee f de deeed ea befe he bca.

12GAHI, Gba Aa f Heh Ifec. Aaabe : h://.hd.g/,Ced

Ocbe Nebe 2010.
http://www.thiswormyworld.org/http://www.thiswormyworld.org/


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30


2.

A, 20002010.

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

4

4

5

7

9

9

9

10

11

39

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Guyana

Nicaragua

Paraguay

Saint Lucia

Belize

Costa Rica

Haiti

Guatemala

Bolivia

Honduras

Cuba

Peru

Ecuador

Mexico

Venezuela

Colombia

Argentina

Brazil

Number of papers

4.2.

A eed befe, 1022 daa f eaece ad e f fec f STH ee

baed f 120 ae cded he daabae f eaece f STH a ecd

adae ee f LAC he ed 20002010, ad daa b age g ad ece

f STH ee ecded. The aa db f daa bhed h ed h

hee ea: 1998 (114 daa), 2002 (181 daa) ad 2005 (185 daa); gehe hee hee

ea eee 47% f he daa he daabae. A a deceae f daa

bhed f eaece ad e f fec f STH LAC a beed ce

2006 (Fg. 3).

3.

, 19952009.

34 31

45

114

3729

112

181

61

84

185

30 3323 23

0

20

40

60

80100

120

140

160

180

200

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Ta geea


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33/107

32


4. 1995

2009 A

AL: , TT: , HW: , AD: , NA:

N , STH: Saed heh.

I a a be fd 151 daa f e f fec b ece f STH; hee

ce 2006 bhed daa ee fd f e f fec a ecd

adae ee; 39.7% f hee daa ee dced 1998 (60 daa); he hghe

be f daa f e f fec b ece a fd f

(81 daa: 53.6%) fed b (53 daa: 35.1%) (Tabe 4, Fg. 5).

4.

, 19952009.

A A %

1996 3 3 1.9

1997 18 17 35 23.1

1998 36 24 60 39.7

1999 3 3 3 9 5.9

2001 3 1 1 5 3.3

2003 6 6 3 15 10

2004 9 9 18 11.9

2005 3 2 1 6 3.9

81 (53.6%) 53 (35%) 14 (9.3%) 3 (1.9%) 151

AL: , TT: , HW: , AD: , NA:

N .


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33


5. ,

19952009 A

53,6%

35,1%

9,3%

2,0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

AL TT HW AD

% daa f e

AL: , TT: , HW: , AD: .

Of he 335 daa f eaece f STH, daa f SAC ee fd he fee (190

daa: 56.7%), eda 1998, 2002 ad 2005. Th db a he

he aa a ade f he age g 114 ea d h a dffeece 2001.

The cac f daa f eaece f STH he PSAC a hghghed. (Tabe

5, Fg. 6).

5. ,

19952009.

A A 114 %

1995 1 2 7 10 2.9

1996 3 3 2 8 2.4

1997 9 5 14 4.2

1998 6 22 8 36 10.7

1999 2 6 2 10 2.98

2000 1 5 5 11 3.3

2001 2 5 23 30 8.9

2002 5 36 6 47 14

2003 2 18 1 216.3

2004 6 11 7 24 6.8

2005 4 64 17 85 25.4

2006 1 2 6 9 2.7

2007 4 2 6 12 3.6

2008 3 4 3 10 2.9

2009 1 7 8 2.4

40

(11.9%)

190

(56.7%)

105

(31.3%)

335 100%


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34


6. ,

A 19952009

11,9%

56,7%

31,3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

PSAC SAC 114 ..

% daa e age g

The hghe be f daa f eaece f STH ee beed Ba (26.3%) ad

Hda (19.7%) (Tabe 6). Th de he geae be f ae fd f Ba;

he cae f Hda ahgh 4 ae ee fd, hee eeed daa f

a cae, ceag he be f daa f h c.

F PSAC he ce h e daa bhed f eaece f STH ee Ba

(45%) ad Hda (17.5%); f SAC, Ba (26.3%), Hda (18.9%), Mec (13.2%),

Agea (5.8%) ad Ha (5.8%); f chde beee 114 ea d, Ba (83.8%),

Hda (62.8%), Agea (30.5%) ad Mec (26.6%) (Tabe 6).

The feece hed Tabe 6 ae affeced b he be f ae fdbhed b c.

6. ,

, 19952009.

A A 114 %

Agea 2 11 19 32 9.6

Bee 1 3 1 5 1.5

Ba 1 5 6 12 3.6

Ba 18 50 20 88 26.3

Cba 4 4 3 11 3.3Ca Rca 1 1 2 4 1.2

Cba 1 7 1 9 2.7

Ecad 2 5 4 11 3.3

Gaeaa 7 7 14 4.2

Gaa 1 1 0.3

Ha 11 1 12 3.6

Hda 7 36 23 66 19.7


36/107

35


A A 114 %

Mec 1 25 2 28 8.4

Ncaaga 5 5 1.5

Paaga 2 2 0.6

Pe 9 2 11 3.3

Sa Lca 8 8 2.4

Veeea 2 9 5 16 4.8

40 190 105 335

Fge 7 h he be f daa f eaece f STH b age g; cea ha

hgh e hee hae bee e daa bhed f he SAC a ad e

f PSAC.

7. ,

, A 19952009.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

PSAC SAC 114 ..

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

B c, daa f eaece f STH, aaed b age, hed ha 34.9% (117

daa) ad 27.8% (93 daa) f he daa ee beee >2050% ad abe 50%,

eece. Th ea ha 62.7% f he daa eeed hed eaece f STH

abe 20% (Tabe 7, Fg. 8).

The ce h he hghe be f daa f eaece f STH beee >2050%ee Hda (26 daa), Ba (25), Mec (11) ad Ha (10); ad h daa >50%

ee Hda (29) ad Ba (19); a eaabe ha f Bee, Ecad,

Gaeaa, Hda, Mec ad Veeea 35% e f he eaece f STH

daa ee abe f 50% (Tabe 7).


37/107

36


7. , A 19952009.

1020 >2050 >50

N % N % N % N % N %

Agea 1 3.1 6 18.8 7 21.9 7 21.9 11 34.4 32

Bee 2 40 3 60 5

Ba 3 25 6 50 2 16.6 1 8.3 12

Ba 5 5.9 21 23.9 18 20.5 25 28.4 19 21.6 88

Cba 1 9 7 63.6 3 27.3 11

Ca Rca 4 100 4

Cba 1 11.1 3 33.3 2 22.2 3 33.3 9

Ecad 1 9 1 9 4 36.4 5 45.5 11

Gaeaa 1 7.1 8 57 5 35.7 14

Gaa 1 100 1

Ha 10 83.3 2 16.7 12

Hda 3 4.5 8 12.1 26 39.4 29 43.9 66

Mec 1 3.6 5 17.9 1 3.6 11 39.3 10 35.7 28

Ncaaga 2 40 2 40 1 20 5Paaga 2 100 2

Pe 3 27.3 2 18.2 5 45.4 1 9 11

Sa Lca 3 37.5 4 50 1 12.5 8

Veeea 4 25 3 18.8 3 18.8 6 37.5 16

9 61 55 117 93 335

8. ,

A 19952009

2,7%

18,2% 16,4%

34,9%

27,8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1020 >2050 >50

% daa e age f eaece

Daa ee a baed f eaece f STH daggegaed b age g ad ece

f STH. The hghe be f daa a f SAC (55.7%) ad chde beee 114 ea

(32.3%). B ece f STH e daa f eaece f (276 daa,

27%) ee fd, fed b daa f (244 daa, 23.9%) ad


38/107

37


h (134 daa, 13.1%). F ad 20

(2.0%) ad 13 daa (1.3%) ee fd, eece, h ee (Tabe 8). The

f daa b ece f STH beee age g a a (32% f PSAC,

33% f SAC ad 31.8% f chde beee 114 ea d), he daa f eaece f

STH beg hghe, fed b he daa f eaece f ad

(Fg. 9).

8. , ,

, A 19952009.

A A A A %

A

(14

)

1995 1 1 1 1 4 3.3

1996 3 3 1 1 3 11 8.9

1998 6 6 6 18 14.6

1999 2 1 2 2 7 5.7

2000 1 1 2 1.6

2001 2 2 1 2 75.7

2002 5 5 1 5 16 13.0

2003 2 1 2 5 4.1

2004 6 5 4 6 21 17.1

2005 4 2 2 4 12 9.8

2006 1 1 1 3 2.4

2007 3 2 2 4 11 8.9

2008 2 1 3 6 4.9

38 30 13 2 40 123

A

(514)

1995 2 1 1 2 6 1.1

1996 3 3 2 1 3 12 2.1

1997 9 9 1 2 9 30 5.3

1998 22 22 5 22 71 12.5

1999 6 5 6 6 23 4.0

2000 4 3 1 5 13 2.3

2001 5 3 3 2 5 18 3.2

2002 36 36 24 1 10 36 143 25.1

2003 18 13 2 2 18 53 9.3

2004 11 9 9 11 40 7.0

2005 26 25 18 1 1 64 135 23.7

2006 2 2 1 2 7 1.2

2007 1 1 1 2 5 0.9

2008 3 3 4 10 1.8

2009 1 1 1 3 0.5 149 136 74 9 11 190 569

114

1995 7 5 3 1 1 7 24 7.3

1996 2 2 1 1 2 8 2.4

1997 5 4 1 5 15 4.5

1998 8 8 1 8 25 7.6

1999 2 1 2 2 7 2.1

2000 5 1 2 1 5 14 4.2


39/107

38


A A A A %

2001 23 23 17 1 23 87 26.4

2002 5 6 5 6 22 6.7

2003 1 1 1 3 0.9

2004 6 5 5 7 23 7.0

2005 8 7 6 17 38 11.5

2006 6 4 4 6 20 6.1

2007 2 3 5 1 6 17 5.2

2008 2 2 3 7 2.1

2009 7 6 7 20 6.1

89 78 47 9 2 105 330

276 244 134 20 13 335 1022

AL: , TT: , HW: , AD: , NA:

N , STH: Saed heh.

9. ,A 19952009

PSAC (14 ea d) SAC (514 ea d) 114 ea d

STH 32,5% 33,4% 31,8%

AL 30,9% 26,2% 27,0%

TT 24,4% 23,9% 23,6%

HW 10,6% 13,0% 14,2%

NA 0,0% 1,9% 0,6%

AD 1,6% 1,6% 2,7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

AL: , TT: , HW: , AD: , NA:

N , STH: Saed heh.

151 daa ee bhed f e f fec f 7 ce (Agea, Ba,Ba, Cba, Ecad, Hda ad Veeea). Of hee daa 37.1% hed a

gh e f fec, 34.4% deae ad 28.5% hea. The bgge be f

daa bhed a f Hda (41.7%), fed b Ba ad Ba each e h

15.9% (Tabe 9).


40/107

39


9. ,

, 19952009.

N % N % N % N

Agea 0 0 2 4,7 2

Ba 8 14,3 8 15,4 8 18,6 24

Ba 9 16,1 8 15,4 7 16,3 24

Cba 3 5,4 3 5,8 3 7 9

Ecad 2 3,6 2 3,9 5 11,6 9

Hda 27 48,2 24 46,2 12 27,9 63

Veeea 7 12,5 7 13,5 6 13,9 20

56 100 52 100 43 100 151

The db b age g f he 151 daa fd f e f fec, h ha

27 daa ee fd f PSAC (17.8%), 86 f SAC (56.9%) ad 38 f 114 ea d

(25.1%). B ece f STH he hghe be f daa f e f fec ee

fd f (81 daa, 53.6%) ad f (53 daa, a

a 35.1%), he daa ee fd f (Tabe 10, Fge 10).

10. ,

, A 19952009.

A A A

A

(14

) 1996 1 1

1998 12 8 20

2004 3 3 6

16 8 3 27

A

(514)

1996 1 1

1997 18 17 35

1998 12 8 20

1999 3 3 3 9

2001 1 1 1 3

2003 4 4 3 11

2004 3 3 6

2005 1 1

42 33 8 3 86

114

1996 1 1

1998 12 8 20

2001 2 2

2003 2 2 4

2004 3 3 6

2005 3 2 5

23 12 3 38

81 53 14 3 151

AL: , TT: , HW: , AD: , NA:

N .


41/107


42/107

41


A eed, f he 151 daa cded h d f e f fec, 43

(28.5%) f he daa hed hea e; f hee, 28 daa (65.1%) ee f

fed b 9 (20.9%) f ; he hghe be f daa f

hea e f fec a fd f he SAC a (28.5%). Daa f hea

e f ad ee fd f SAC a (Fg. 12).

12. ,

19952009

PSAC SAC 114 ..

AL 5 15 8

TT 9

HW 1 3 1

AD 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

AL

TT

HW

AD

AL: , TT: , HW: , AD: .

The daa f hea e f fec ee fd f SAC f Ba, Ba,

Cba, Ecad, Hda ad Veeea. I he cae f hea e f fec

PSAC, daa ee fd f Ba ad Hda. Daa f hea e f chde

beee 1 14 ea d ee fd f Agea, Ba ad Hda (Tabe 11).

11. ,

, 19952009 A.

A A 114

Agea 2 2

Ba 8 8

Ba 2 2 3 7

Cba 3 3

Ecad 5 5

Hda 4 4 4 12

Veeea 6 6

6 28 9 43

52 daa (34.4%) f deae e f fec ee fd ag he a 151

daa fd f h dca; f hee daa, 25 (48%) ee f ad 22

(42.3%) f . 53.8% f daa f deae e f fec ee fd f


43/107

42


SAC a, ad daa f deae fec f ee fd f

SAC (Fg. 13).

13.

, 19952009 A

PSAC SAC 114 ..

AL 5 13 7

TT 4 12 6

HW 1 2 1

AD 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

AL: , TT: , HW: , AD: .

56 daa (37%) f gh e f fec ee fd ; f hee daa, 28 (50%) ee

f ad 22 (39.2%) f . 53.6% f daa f gh e f

fec ee fd f SAC a, ad daa f gh fec f

ee fd f SAC (Fg. 14).

14. ,19952009 A

PSAC SAC 114 ..AL 6 14 8

TT 4 12 6

HW 1 3 1

AD 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

AL: , TT: , HW: , AD: .


44/107

43


4.3.

, 20002010

I de ee he a f ag f eaece ad e f fec f

STH LAC f he ed 20002010, he aa f he a b age g ad

age f eaece ae eeed b beg, accdg he bega df PAHO he dce Heah Sa he Aeca, bac dca f La

Aeca ad he Cabbea Ce (Tabe 12).

12. A, A.

Mec Mec

Cea Aeca Ih Bee, Ca Rca, E Saad, Gaeaa, Hda, Ncaaga,

Paaa

La Cabbea Cba, Dca Rebc, Fech Gaa, Gadee, Ha,

Mae, Pe Rc

NLa Cabbea Aga, Aga & Babda, Aba, Bahaa, Babad, Caa

Iad, Dca, Geada, Gaa, Jaaca, Mea, Nehead

Ae, Sa K ad Ne, Sa Lca, Sa Vce ad he

Geade, Sae, Tdad & Tbag, T & Cac Iad, Vg

Iad (UK), Vg Iad (US)

Adea Aea Ba, Cba, Ecad, Pe, Veeea

Ba Ba

She ce Agea, Che, Paaga, Uga

Sce: PAHO, Heah Ifa ad Aa Pec. Heah a he Aeca: Bac dca,

2010. Wahg, D.C., Ued Sae f he Aeca, 2010.

A a geea ee f he daa, he be f daa fd f eaece f STH bage g ad b age f eaece LAC f he ed 20002010 h

Fge 15: 40 daa f eaece f STH bhed f PSAC, 190 daa f SAC ad 105

daa f chde beee 114 ea d.

I h geea ee a dcae ha f PSAC, 12 daa f 40 a

(30%) hed a eaece f STH beee >2050%, he 7 (17.5%) hed a

eaece abe 50%, eag ha a haf (47.5%) f he daa f eaece f

STH f PSAC hed ae abe 20%.

I he cae f SAC 190 daa ee fd LAC f eaece f STH; f hee, 75

(39.4%) hed eaece beee >2050%, he 54 (28.4%) hed a eaeceabe 50%; heefe, 67.9% f he daa f eaece f STH f SAC hed ae

e 20%.


45/107

44


15. A A 19952009

16. A A 19952009.


46/107

45


A he be f daa bhed f eaece f STH f chde beee 1 14

ea d f he ed 19952009 a, ce hee daa ae ef a a

f defg he eaece f STH f PSAC ad SAC he cae hch

dffc hae daa daggegaed b age g. I he cae f chde beee 114

ea d, 105 daa ee fd f eaece f STH; f hee, 30 (28.6%) hed

eaece beee >2050%, he 32 (30.5%) hed a eceage abe 50%;hch ea ha 59% f he daa f eaece f STH f h age g hed

ae e 20% (Fg. 17).

17. 114

A 19952009.

Regadg daa f e f fec LAC b age g, a be f e

(151) a fd h ee: 27 daa f PSAC, 86 f SAC ad 38 f 114 ea d

(Fg. 18 ad Fg. 19). I he cae f PSAC, 6 daa (22.2%) ee fd f hea e

f fec: 83.3% (5 daa) f he b ad 16.6% (1 daa) b

h. F SAC, 28 daa (32.6%) ee fd f hea e f fec: 53.6%

f he b , 32% b , 10.7% b h ad 3.6% b

. F chde beee 114 ea d, 9 daa (23.7%) ee

fd f hea e f fec: 88.8% f he b ad 11.1% b

h.


47/107

46


18. A A 1995

2009.

19. A A 1995

2009.

4.3.1.

A

Daa f eaece f STH f PSAC ee fd e ae f Ca Sae,

Caa ca 2007 hch eed 6.9% f eaece f STH (Fg. 20). I h


48/107


49/107

48


Oaaca

Sa Ag de a

Ja La Ea 53 2003

Saa Ahe La Pee 33 1998

Saa Ahe La Pee 33 2003

Saa Caca Iaa 33 1998

Saa Caca Iaa 33 2003

Saa Ecaa Peb Ne 33 1998

Saa Ecaa Peb Ne 33 2003

Saa Maaa E Paa 33 1998

Saa Maaa De Aag 33 1998

Saa Mc E Tea 33 1998

Saa Sa Igac E Hgea 33 1998

Saa Sa Igac E Hgea 33 2003

21. A , 19952009.

14

I Mec 2 daa f eaece f STH f chde beee 114 ea d ee fd:

e f he Mec C (1998 h 6% eaece) ad e f Taaa Sae (VaeHe ca 1997 h 3.65% f eaece). F he Mec C a a

eaece f 6% a eed f bh ad , he he

ca f Vae He eaece f 3.6% f , 1.3% f

ad 0.22% f h ee eed (Fg. 22).


50/107

49


22. 114

, 19952009.

N daa f e f fec h age g ee fd Mec.

4.3.2.

A

F PSAC e daa f eaece f STH f Bee, Ca Rca ad Hda ee

fd f he ed 19952009. See f hee daa ceded Hda. O eed eaece >50% (Bee he Ted Sae 2004 ad Hda he

Facc Ma Sae ad ca f Sa A de Oee 1998); f

eed eaece beee >20 50% (Ca Rca Sae Pa Aea, ca

f Pa Aea; Hda he Sae Facc Ma cae f Maaa

ad Sa A de Oee) (Fg. 23, Tabe 14).

Regadg eaece f STH b ece e daa a fd Hda f

h eaece e 50% (Facc Ma Sae, ca f Sa

A de Oee 1998). N daa ee fd f Paaa.


51/107


52/107

51


24. A

A , 19952009.

25. A

A , 19952009.

A

F SAC 52 daa ee fd f eaece f STH f Bee (3), Ca Rca (1),

Hda (36), Gaeaa (7) ad Ncaaga (5); a e daa ee

fd f Paaa. F Hda 17 daa hed eaece f STH abe 50%, a e


53/107

52


a 5 f Gaeaa, 1 f Bee ad 1 f Ncaaga; 22 daa hed eaece ae

>20 50% h he hghe be Hda (16 daa) (Tabe, 15, Fg. 26).

26. A A

, 19952009.

15. 20% A

A , 19952009.

Bee Ted N Secd Ad Lee

Cba Fe

eee (Gde

ea, Meda Ba,

Sa Mac,

Taba, Badde) 77.0 2004

Bee Sa Cee N Secd Ad Lee Sa Cee 46.0 2005

Bee Ted N Secd Ad Lee Ted dc 34.4 2005

Ca Rca Paea Paea Ha 41.0 1998

Gaeaa Sa Sa A Pa Sa A Pa 63.3 2005

Gaeaa Sa Sa Lca Ta Sa Lca T 63.3 2005

Gaeaa Sa Sa Pab La Laga Sa Pab La Laga 63.3 2005

Gaeaa Sa Sa Ped La Laga Sa Ped La Laga 63.3 2005

Gaeaa Sa Saa Caaa Pa Saa Caaa Pa 63.3 2005

Gaeaa Qeaeag Qeaeag

Sch, 10

ce Vae

Paa 33.1 2004

Hda

Facc

Maa

Sa A de

Oee E Chage 93.0 1998

Hda Oach

Sa Facc de

Becea

Sa Facc de

Becea 85.0 2005

Hda Aada La Maca Ca 84.9 2005


54/107

53


Hda Lea Gaca Gaca 84.6 2005

Hda Oach Ja Ja 79.1 2005

Hda Ca Dce Nbe Dce Nbe 76.7 2005

Hda Lea Leaea Leaea 67.9 2005

Hda Saa Babaa Saa Babaa Saa Bbaa 67.3 2005

Hda Y Y Y 63.6 2005

Hda

Facc

Maa Maaa E Chage Be 63.0 1998

Hda Ibca Ibca Ibca 59.6 2005

Hda

Facc

Maa Gaaca Gaaca 55.9 2005

Hda Oach Sca Sca 55.6 2005

Hda Oach Gaa Gaa 55.3 2005

Hda Oach Saaa Saaa 54.0 2005

Hda Ca Saa Ra de Ca Saa Ra de C 53.3 2005

Hda Saa Babaa Sa Ped Zacaa Sa Ped de Zacaa 50.9 2005Hda Ca Saa Ra Saa Ra 48.2 2005

Hda Y E Neg E Neg 48.0 2005

Hda Lea La Caa La Caa 46.2 2005

Hda Ibca Yaaaga Yaaaga 44.4 2005

Hda Oach Ea de Ne Ea de Ne 38.0 2005

Hda Oach La U La U 37.5 2005

Hda Oach Yc Yc 34.6 2005

Hda La Pa La Pa La Pa 33.3 2005

Hda

Facc

Maa

Sa A de

Oee E La 32.0 1998

Hda

Facc

Maa Reca Reca 31.6 2005

Hda Oach E Ra E Ra 30.0 2005

Hda

Facc

Maa

Sa A de

Oee Saa I 29.0 1998

Hda E Paa E Paa E Paa 25.0 2005

Hda Oach Mage Mage 24.0 2005

Hda Ibca

Sa Mac de a

Sea

Sa Mac de a

Sea 20.8 2005

Hda Vae Aaaa Ia de Tge 20.4 1996

Ncaaga Chadega Chadega Chadega 84.4 2005

Ncaaga Ee Ee Ee 43.3 2005

Ncaaga Chae Caaa Chae 29.4 2005

Daa ee a fd f eaece f STH b ece. F Gaeaa ad Hda

daa f eaece b ece h ae e 50%, eeca f ad

(Tabe 16) ee fd.


55/107

54


16. 50% A

A , 19952009.

Gaeaa Sa Sa A Pa Sa A Pa 63.25 AL 2005

Gaeaa Sa Sa Lca Ta Sa Lca T 63.25 AL 2005

Gaeaa Sa Sa Pab La Laga Sa Pab La Laga 63.25 AL 2005

Gaeaa Sa Sa Ped La Laga Sa Ped La Laga 63.25 AL 2005

Gaeaa Sa Saa Caaa Pa Saa Caaa Pa 63.25 AL 2005

HdaFacc

MaaSa A de Oee E Chage 93 AL 1998

HdaFacc

MaaSa A de Oee E Chage 85.7 TT 1998

HdaFacc

MaaMaaa E Chage Be 63 AL 1998

Hda

Facc

Maa Maaa E Chage Be 58 TT 1998

Ncaaga Chadega Chadega Chadega 84.4 TT 2005

AL: , TT: .

O daa f hea e f fec b ee fd

Hda f 1998 f Sa Facc Ma Sae cae f Maaa (e

daa) ad Sa A de Oee (hee daa). A, f Hda daa f

deae e f fec b ee fd 1998 f he

Facc Ma Sae cae f Maaa ( daa) ad Sa A de

Oee ( daa) (Fg. 27). F Facc Ma Sae cae f Maaa a

fd e daa f deae e f fec b ad f he

ca f Sa A de Oee hee daa (Fg. 28).

27. A

A , 19952009.


56/107

55


28. A

A , 19952009.

14

F chde 114 ea d he Cea Aeca Ih ce 33 daa ee

fd f eaece f STH f he ed 19952009: 23 f Hda, 7 f

Gaeaa, 2 f Ca Rca ad 1 f Bee; a e ha daa ee

fd f Paaa. I a 12 daa hed STH eaece ae abe 50% (11

Hda ad 1 Bee) ad 16 daa hed ae f STH eaece beee >20

50% (7 Hda, 7 Gaeaa ad 2 Ca Rca) (Fg. 29, Tabe 17).

29. 114

A , 19952009.


57/107

56


17. 20% 114

A , 19952009

Bee Ted N Secd Ad Lee

Cba Fe

eee (Gde

ea, Meda Ba,

Sa Mac, Taba,

Badde) 62.9 2004

Ca Rca Paea Gf

Ga de A de

Ce 36.0 2005

Ca Rca Paea Paea Ha 26.8 1998

Gaeaa Sacaeee Saa Maa de Je

La Ma de Le

(T) 47.1 2009


Saa Maa de Je

(T) 47.1 2009

Gaeaa Iaba Lg E S (c) 47.1 2009

Gaeaa Iaba E E

Chche

(c) 47.1 2009

Gaeaa Iaba Mae

R Dce

(c) 47.1 2009


La Ma de Le

(T) 42.0 2001


Saa Maa de Je

(T) 42.0 2001

Hda

Facc

Maa

Sa A de

Oee E Chage 89.2 1998

Hda

Facc

Maa D Cea Tegcgaa 83.0 2001

Hda Ca Dce Nbe Dce Nbe 81.0 2001

Hda Y E Neg E Neg 75.0 2001

Hda Ce Pe Pe 69.0 2001

Hda Oceee Faedad Faedad 68.0 2001

Hda Gaca A D Pe Lea Pe Lea 67.0 2001

Hda Ca Saa Ra Saa Ra 64.0 2001

Hda

Facc

Maa Taaga Taaga 59.0 2001

Hda

Facc

Maa Maaa E Chage Be 56.5 1998

Hda

Facc

Maa Gaaca Gaaca 54.0 2001Hda Ca Saa Ra de Ca Saa Ra de C 44.0 2001

Hda Checa Checa Checa 37.0 2001

Hda Oceee Sa Mac

Sa Mac

Oceee 36.0 2001

Hda

Facc

Maa

Sa A de

Oee E La 35.0 1998

Hda

Facc

Maa D Cea Facc Ma 32.0 2001


58/107

57


Hda

Facc

Maa

Sa A de

Oee Saa I 30.8 1998

Hda Caaga Caaga Caagea 28.0 2001

Daa ee a fd f eaece f STH b ece. F Gaeaa ad Hda

daa f eaece b ece f STH h ae e 50% ee fd eeca f

ad (Tabe 18).

18. 50%

114 A , 19952009.

Hda Facc

Maa

Sa A de

Oee E Chage89.2 AL 1998

Hda FaccMaa

D CeaTegcgaa

83 TT 2001

Hda Ca Dce Nbe Dce Nbe 81 TT 2001

Hda Y E Neg E Neg 75 TT 2001

Hda Facc

Maa

Sa A de

Oee E Chage70.3 TT 1998

Hda Ce Pe Pe 69 AL 2001

Hda Oceee Faedad Faedad 68 AL 2001

Hda Gaca A

D

Pe Lea Pe

Lea67 TT 2001

Hda Ca Saa Ra Saa Ra 64 TT 2001

Hda Y E Neg E Neg 63 AL 2001

Hda Y E Neg E Neg 63 HW 2001

Hda Facc

Maa

Taaga

Taaga59 TT 2001

Hda Facc

Maa

Maaa E Chage

Be56.5 AL 1998

Hda Ce Pe Pe 56 TT 2001

Hda Facc

Maa

D Cea

Tegcgaa56 AL 2001

Hda Facc

Maa

Gaaca

Gaaca55.9 TT 2001

Hda Ca Dce Nbe Dce Nbe 54 AL 2001

Hda Facc

Maa

Gaaca

Gaaca 54 AL 2001Hda Facc

Maa

Maaa E Chage

Be52.2 TT 1998

AL: , HW: , TT: .

F hea e f fec daa ee fd f Hda, b

, 1998 f he Sa Facc Ma Sae cae f Maaa

(e daa) ad Sa A de Oee (hee daa). A f Hda daa f


59/107

58


deae e f fec b ee fd 1998 f he

Facc Ma Sae cae f Maaa ( daa) ad Sa A de

Oee ( daa) (Fg. 30). F Hda daa f deae e f fec b

ee fd 1998 f he Facc Ma Sae cae f

Maaa (e daa) ad Sa A de Oee (hee daa) (Fg. 31).

30.

114 A , 19952009.

31.

114 A , 19952009.


60/107


61/107

60


33. A

, 19952009.

19. 20% A , 19952009.

Cba Sac S Fe Fe 24.0 2003

Cba Pa de R Sa Ja Mae Sa Ja Mae

(ba aea) 21.0 2003

Ha Gad Ae Jeee Jeee 73.7 2002

Ha Oe Legae Legae 54.7 1996

Ha Nd e CaHae Le CaHae 45.8 2002

Ha NdOe PdePa PdePa 37.6 2002

Ha Abe e Gae Le Gae 32.8 2002Ha SdE Jace Jace 28.2 2002

Ha Sd e Cae Le Cae 26.4 2002

Ha NdE FLbee FLbee 25.5 2002

Ha Ne Magae Magae 25.5 2002

Ha Oe PaPce PaPce 23.9 2002

Ha Cee Hche Hche 20.6 2002

20. 20% A

, 19952009

Cba Sac S Fe Fe 24.0 AL 2003

Cba Pa de R Sa Ja Mae Sa Ja Mae

(ba aea)21.0 AL 2003

Ha Gad Ae Jeee Jeee 65.3 AL 2002

Ha Oe Legae Legae 54.7 TT 1996


62/107

61


Ha Nd e CaHae Le CaHae 37.6 AL 2002

Ha Oe Legae Legae 29.2 AL 1996

Ha NdOe PdePa PdePa 28.2 AL 2002

Ha Abe e Gae Le Gae 25.8 AL 2002

Ha SdE Jace Jace 25.5 AL 2002

Ha Gad Ae Jeee Jeee 22.1 TT 2002

Ha Ne Magae Magae 20.4 AL 2002

AL: , TT: .

N daa f e f fec h age g La Cabbea ce ee

fd.

14

F chde h 114 ea d daa ee fd: e f Ha 2001 (Oe

Sae, Legae) ad e f Cba 2007 (Pa de R Sae, Sa Ja Mae

ca); bh f he hed eaece ae beee >2050%; a

e ha daa ee fd daa f Dca Rebc, h e hae a

cee ce f he ad f La Haa (Fg. 34).

34. 114

, 19952009.

N daa f eaece f STH b ece h ae e 50% ee fd; Cba

eaece f ad beee >2050% a fd 2007

(Pa de R Sae, Sa Ja Mae ca), ad Ha a eaece f

beee >2050% 2001 (Oe Sae, Legae).


63/107

62


N daa f e f fec h age g f he La Cabbea ce

ee fd.

4.3.4.

I h g f ce daa ee eceed f Gaa ad Sa Lca f

chde de 14 ea d h dffeea beee PSAC ad SAC. Of 9 daa

fd, 1 a f Gaa 2002 h 28.2% f eaece f STH f Reg 8

ca Ieg/Ue Pa.

The e f he daa (8) ee f Sa Lca 2005; h ecfc cae, daa ee

eceed b Reg b b ca. F Sa Lca Reg 1 eed

eaece f STH chde de 14 ea d h ae beee >2050% (22.5%).

F eg 2, 4, 5 ad 8 daa f eaece f STH chde de 14 ea d h

ae beee >1020% (11.1%, 12.95%, 10.1% ad 18.3%, eece) eeegeed, he f eg 3, 6 ad 7 daa f eaece f STH chde de 14

ea d h ae beee 110% ee egeed (Fg. 35).

35. 114

, 19952009.

N daa ee fd daa f eaece f STH b ece e f fec fhe NLa Cabbea ce.


64/107

63


4.3.5.

A

F PSAC e daa f eaece f STH ee fd: Cba (4), Ecad (2),Veeea (2) ad Ba (1); e f hee daa hed eaece ae e 50%

ad 1 daa f Cba 2002 (Caca Sae, Ga ca) ad 1 f

Ecad 2005 (Chba Sae, Rbaba ca) hed ae f

eaece beee >2050% (Fg. 36, Tabe 21). F hee cae daa f

eaece f beee >2050% ee eed he ae ea. I

a e ha daa ee fd f Pe.

36. A A

, 19952009.

21. 20% A

A , 19952009.

Cba Caca Ga Ga 26.2 2002

Ecad Chba Rbaba Chba (20ce,

h ae

ecfed)

35.5 2005

N daa ee fd f e f fec h age g f he Adea aea

ce.


65/107

64


A

F SAC 32 daa ee fd f eaece f STH: Pe (9), Veeea (9), Ba (5),

Ecad (5) ad Cba (4). See daa hed eaece ae abe 50%:

Veeea (4), Ecad (2) ad Pe (1); ad 12 daa hed eaece ae beee

>2050%: Pe (5), Cba (2), Ecad (2), Veeea (2) ad Ba (1) (Fg. 37, Tabe22).

37. A A ,

19952009.

22. 20% A

A , 19952009.

Ba Be Geea Je Baa Reabae (15

ce h

ae ecfed)

24.3 2004

Cba Cdba Teaa Tea Aa (Idge

eee Ebea Ka)43.1 2002

Cba Cdaaca Qe La Vge 36.4 1999

Ecad Pchcha Mea

Pchcha Eeada(h ca ae) 63.4 2003

Ecad Maab Pe Pe 63 2001

Ecad Oeaa Oeaa Oeaa (Aa aea) 25 2000

Ecad Aa Ceca Saa Aa 21.3 2003

Pe Le Le Be 77.9 2004

Pe Aaa Baga La M 42.7 2002

Pe Aaa Baga Naae 35.8 2002

Pe La La Pachacaac (La) 35.5 1999


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65


Pe Aaa Baga Mee M 29.4 2002

Pe Aaa Baga Chac 27.3 2002

Veeea Sce Sce Sce (Sch ) 82.5 2003

Veeea Sce Sce Yaac 58.7 2000

Veeea Za Mache de Pea Idge c

(Ya )57.1 2002

Veeea Za Maacab Maacab (Pa ch) 54.2 1997

Veeea Caabb Ca Ae Be Caabb 41.4 2006

Veeea Za Sa Facc Sa Facc 26.1 2000

Daa f eaece f STH b ece h ae e 50% f ee

fd Ecad, Pe ad Veeea ad f Pe (Tabe 23).

23. 50% A

A , 19952009.

Ecad Maab Pe Pe 63 AL 2001

Pe Le Le Be 77.9 TT 2004

Pe Le Le Be 60.4 AL 2004

Veeea Sce Sce Sce (Sch U) 77.8 AL 2003

Veeea Za Mache de Pea Idge c (Ya

)57.1 AL 2002

AL: , TT: .

Daa f hea e f fec f SAC e cae f Ba,

Cba, Ecad ad Veeea, eeca f ad (Fg. 38,

Fg. 39), ad e e f hea e f e ca

Veeea (Fg. 40, Tabe 24); ee fd, a e a f h e ca

Cba, e Ecad (Fg. 41).


67/107

66


38. A

A , 19952009.

39. A

A , 19952009.


68/107

67


40. A

A , 19952009.

41. A

A , 19952009.


69/107

68


24. A A , 19952009.

Ba La Pa Iga Oa AL 1997

Ba La Pa L Ade Iga AL 1997

Ba La Pa M L Ade AL 1997

Ba La Pa Oa M AL 1997

Ba La Pa Iga Oa TT 1997

Ba La Pa L Ade Iga TT 1997

Ba La Pa M L Ade TT 1997

Ba La Pa OaM

TT 1997

Cba Cdaaca Qe La Vge AL 1999

Cba Cdaaca Qe La Vge TT 1999

Cba Cdaaca Qe La Vge HW 1999

Ecad Aa Ceca Saa Aa AL 2003

Ecad Aa Ceca Saa Aa TT 2003

Ecad Maab Pe Pe AL 2001

Ecad Maab Pe Pe TT 2001

Ecad Maab Pe Pe HW 2001

Veeea Sce Sce Sce (Sch U) AL 2003

Veeea Sce Sce Sce (Sch U) TT 2003

Veeea Sce Sce Sce (Sch U) AD 2003

Veeea Sce Sce Caac AL 1997Veeea Za Maacab Maacab (Pa

Sch)AL 1997

Veeea Za Maacab Maacab (Pa

Sch)TT 1997

AD: , AL: , HW: , TT:

14

F chde beee 114 ea d 20 daa ee fd: Ba (6), Veeea (5),

Ecad (4), Cba (3) ad Pe (2). Of hee daa 6 hed ae f eaece f

STH abe 50%: Ecad (3), Veeea (2) ad Ba (1). F hee hee ce

daa ee a fd f eaece f STH beee >2050% (e e c) (Fg. 42,Tabe 25).


70/107

69


42. 114

A , 19952009.

25. 20% 114

A , 19952009

Ba Be Geea Je Baa Sa Ba 76.1 2004

Ba Be Geea Je Baa Reabae (15 ce) 21.3 2004

Ecad Pchcha Rah Cgcha 55.3 1995

Ecad Pchcha Sa Dg Sa Jac de Ba 55.3 1995

Ecad Pchcha Ped Vcee Madad Pchcha (5 hae) 51 2000

Ecad Aa Ceca Saa Aa 20.1 2003Veeea Za Maa Naaeh 70.3 2006

Veeea Nea Eaa A de Ca E Cad de a a de Cche 70 1997

Veeea Mada Gaca Sa Dae 30 1997

Daa f eaece f STH b ece h ae abe 50% f chde beee 114

ea d ee fd Ba, Ecad ad Veeea, eeca f ,

ad h (Tabe 26).

26. 50%

114 A , 19952009

Ba Be Geea Je Baa Sa Ba 76.1 HW 2004

Ecad Pchcha Rah Cgcha 55.3 AL 1995

Ecad Pchcha Sa Dg Sa Jac de Ba 55.3 AL 1995

Veeea Nea Eaa A de Ca E Cad de a a de Cche 70 TT 1997

Veeea Za Maa Naaeh 50.5 TT 2006

AL: , HW: , TT:


71/107

70


4.3.5.

A

F PSAC Ba 18 bhed daa ee fd f hch 4 hed ae f

eaece f STH abe 50% (Peabc Sae Pea 1996: 80.3%; AaaSae Saa Iabe d R Neg 2002: 57.7%; R Gade D S P Aege

2003: 51% ad Ma Gea Sae N Oee de Ma 2004: 59.7%). Fe daa

hed ae f eaece f STH beee >2050% (Fg. 43, Tabe 27).

43. A B, 19952009.

Daa f eaece f STH b ece, eeca f ,h ae e

50% ee fd f f cae (Tabe 28).

27. 20% A

B, 19952009.

Aaa Saa Iabe d R

Neg

Saa Iabe d R Neg57.7 2002

Aaa Saa Iabe d R

Neg


Ma Gea N Oee de

Ma Aecaha59.7 2004

Ma Gea Pa de Ma Pa de Ma 50.0 2007


72/107

71


Paaa Cadd de Abe Cadd de Abe 49.0 2004

Peabc Pea Tacaa (Iaaca:

age Be d Pade,

Sac d Ba,

Ehe, Taea,Seha)

80.3 1996

R de Jae Ca d

Gacae Pae Saa21.5 2004

R Gade d S P Aege P Aege 51.0 2003

Saa Caaa Lage Lage 35.0 2002

28. 50% A

B, 19952009.

Ba Ma Gea N Oee de

MaAecaha 65.5 AL 2004

Ba Ma Gea N Oee de

MaAecaha 59.7 HW 2004

Ba Peabc Pea Tacaa (Iaaca:

age Be d

Pade, Sac d

Ba, Ehe,

Taea, Seha)

80.3 AL 1996

Ba R Gade

d S

P AegeP Aege 51 AL 2003

AL: , HW:

F Ma Gea Sae, N Oee de Ma ca, a daa a fd f hea

e f fec PSAC 2004 f ad h (Fg. 44, Fg.

45).


73/107

72


44. A

B, 19952009.

45. A B,

19952009.

A

F SAC 50 bhed daa ee fd f eaece f STH f hch 10 hed ae

abe 50% (Tabe 29). A 16 daa ee fd f eaece f STH h ae

beee >2050% (Tabe 30 ad Fg. 46).


74/107

73


29. 50% A

B, 19952009.

Aaga Baa de Sa A Maacace 59.1 1999

Aaa Saa Iabe d R Neg Saa Heea 65.1 2002

Baha Saad Saa Iabe d R Neg 53.5 1998

Maaha Saa Heea Ogea (Idge

aea)64.7 2005

Maaha Maacace Cadd de Abe 61.5 2005

Ma Gea N Oee de Ma Aecaha 76.4 2004

Paa Oe Tacaa (Iaaca: age

Be d Pade, Sac d

Ba, Ehe, Taea,

Seha)

63.5 2005

Paaa Teeac Bba Saad d Baha C 93 1998

Paaa Cadd de Abe Oe 73.6 2004

Peabc Pea Baa de Sa A 79.3 1996

30. >20 50% A

B, 19952009.

Aaa Saa Iabe d R

Neg


Baha Saad Saad d Baha c 40 2004

Baha Saad Saad d Baha c 38.6 1997

Baha Jee Je 35.8 1997

Ceaa Ideedeca Ideedeca 25.1 2005

Ceaa Mcab Mcab 25.1 2005

Ma Gea Sa Lec Sa Lec 24.2 2002

Paa Bagaca Bagaca 25.1 2005

Paaa Teeac Bba Ogea (a aea) 22 1998

Pa Rbe Gcae Rbe Gae 25.1 2005

Pa Sa Je d Pee Sa Je d Pee 25.1 2005

R de Jae Seedca Seedca 33.9 2001

R de Jae Ca d Gacae Pae Saa 20.8 2004

R Gade d

S

Pa Fd Pa Fd42.9 2009

R Gade d

S

Caa d S Caa d S25.8 2004

Tca Da Da 25.1 2005


75/107

74


46. A B, 19952009.

Daa f eaece f STH b ece h ae abe 50% ee fd f

, ad h 2004 (Tabe 31).

31. 50% A

B, 19952009.

Ba Aaga Baa de Sa A Baa de Sa A 59.1 TT 1999

Ba Aaga Baa de Sa A Baa de Sa A 57 AL 1999

Ba Aaga Baa de Sa A Baa de Sa A 51.3 HW 1999

Ba Aaa Saa Iabe d R Neg Saa Iabe d R Neg 51.2 AL 2002

Ba Maaha Saa Heea Saa Heea 64.7 AL 2005

Ba Maaha Maacace Maacace 61.5 AL 2005

Ba Ma Gea N Oee de Ma Aecaha 76.4 HW 2004

Ba Ma Gea N Oee de Ma Aecaha 57.8 AL 2004

Ba Paaa Teeac Bba Ogea (dge

aea)88 AL 1998

Ba Paaa Cadd de Abe Cadd de Abe 73.6 AL 2004

Ba Paaa Teeac Bba Ogea (dgeaea)

52 HW 1998

Ba Peabc Pea Tacaa (Iaaca: age

Be d Pade, Sac d

Ba, Ehe, Taea,

Seha)

79.3 AL 1996

AL: , HW: , TT:


76/107


77/107

76


49. 114

B, 19952009.

32. 50% 14

B, 19952009.

Aaa Saa Iabe d R Neg Saa Iabe d R Neg 61.8 2002

Ma Gea N Oee de Ma Aecaha 67.3 2004

Paaa Cadd de Abe Cadd de Abe63.4 2004

Peabc Pea Tacaa (Iaaca: age Be

d Pade, Sac d Ba,

Ehe, Taea, Seha)79.6 1996

Sege Ne Ne 85.3 2004

33. >20 50%

14 B, 19952009.

Aaa Saa Iabe d R Neg Saa Iabe d R Neg40.1 2005

Peabc Sa Lec da Maa Matriz da Luz 25.4 1998

R de Jae De de Caa Pae Fee 27.5 1997

R de Jae Ca d Gacae Pae Saa 21.2 2004

Daa f eaece f STH b ece h ae e 50% f f cae,

eeca f ad h, ee fd (Tabe 34).


78/107

77


34. 50%

114 B, 19952009

Ba Ma Gea N Oee de Ma Aecaha 67.3 HW 2004

Ba Ma Gea N Oee de Ma Aecaha 62 AL 2004

Ba Paaa Cadd de Abe Cadd de Abe 63.4 AL 2004

Ba Peabc Pea Tacaa

(Iaaca: age

Be d Pade,

Sac d Ba,

Ehe,

Taea, Seha)

79.6 AL 1996

AL: , HW: .

Daa f hea e f fec f Aaa Sae, Saa I

sth segundo nivel prevalence lac march 2011

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