Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

This is a 16 step Oracle 11g installation guide that covers a typical installation scenario with screenshots.

1. Select installation method

Following two installation methods are available:

Basic Installation – Choose this to perform the full Oracle Database 11g installation with standard configuration options. You can use only file system for storage in this option.

Advanced Installation – This gives your full control over the installation, including the ability to choose Automatic Storage Management. Select this option as shown below.

Fig - Select Installation Method

2. Specify Inventory directory and credentials

Enter the following information:

Enter the inventory directory: /u01/app/oraInventory Specify operating system group name: oinstall

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

Fig - Specify Inventory directory and credentials

3. Select Installation Type

Following three installation types are available:

Enterprise Edition – Select this option. Standard Edition Custom

Fig - Select Installation Type

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

4. Specify Install Location

Enter the following information:

Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracle Name: Oracle_Home Path: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0

Fig - Select Install Location

5. Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks

In this screen, the Installer verifies that your environment meets all of the minimum requirements for installing and configuring the products that you have chosen to install. You must manually verify and confirm the items that are flagged with warnings and items that require manual checks.

6. Select Configuration Option

Following three configuration options are available:

Create a Database – select this option Configure Automatic Storage Management (ASM) Install software

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

Fig - select configuration option

7. Select a database configurationFollowing three database configuration options are available.

General purpose/Transaction processing – select this option Data warehouse Advanced

Fig – select Database Configuration

8. Specify Database Configuration

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

Enter the following information:

Global Database Name: devdb.example.com. An Oracle database is uniquely identified by a Global Database Name, typically of the form “name.domain”

SID: devdb

9. Specify Database Configuration Details

There are four different tabs in this screen as shown below:

Memory Tab o Select the check-box to Enable Automatic Memory Managemento Drag the bar to allocate the memory. This will automatically

allocate memory size for SGA and PGA depending on the total database memory allocated.

Character Sets Tab. Following three character set options are given in this tab.

o Use the defaulto Use Unicode (AL32UTF8)o Choose from the list of character sets.  Select Database

Character Set as Unicode standard UTF-8AL32UTF8 – Select this option.

Security Tab – Just leave the defaults in this tab.

Sample Schema Tab – Just leave the defaults in this tab.

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

Fig - Select Database Config Details with Memory Tab

10. Select Database Management Option

Following two management options are available:

Use Grid Control for Database Management o Management Service: Choose an agent.

Use Database Control for Database Management- Select this option. o Select the check-box to Enable Email Notificationso Outgoing mail (SMTP) Server:o Email Address:

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

Fig - Select Database Management Option

11. Specify Database Storage Option

Following two storage options are available:

File System – Select this option. o Specify Database File location: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/

Automatic Storage Management. ASM simplifies database storage administration and optimizes database layout for I/O performance.

12. Specify Backup and Recovery Option

Enable automated backup as shown below. If you’ve configured ASM, you can choose to store the automated backups on ASM. If not, select File System option.

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

Fig - Specify Backup and Recovery Options

13. Specify database schema password

Enter the password for sys, system, sysman, dbsnmp schemas. You have the option of either using the same passwords or different password for all the accounts in this screen.

14. Privileged Operating System Groups

Enter the following information in this screen:

Database Administrator (OSDBA) Group: dba Database Operator (OSOPER) Group: dba ASM administrator (OSASM) Group: dba

15. Oracle Configuration Manager Registration

You can associate your configuration information with your metalink account as shown below.

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

Fig - Oracle Configuration Manager Registration

16. Final Summary Screen

This will display a summary of all the installation option you’ve selected so far. Click on Install to complete the installation.

Fig - Installation Summary Screen

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

The automatic Storage Management (ASM) Pocket Reference Guide

ASM Diskgroups

Create diskgroup

CREATE DISKGROUP disk_group_1 NORMAL REDUNDANCYFAILGROUP failure_group_1 DISK '/devices/diska1' NAME diska1,'/devices/diska2' NAME diska2,FAILGROUP failure_group_2 DISK '/devices/diskb1' NAME diskb1,'/devices/diskb2' NAME diskb2;

Drop disk groups

DROP DISKGROUP DATA INCLUDING CONTENTS;

Add disks

ALTER DISKGROUP DATA ADD DISK '/dev/sda3;

Drop a disk

ALTER DISKGROUP DATA DROP DISK DATA_0001;

Resize all disks in a disk group

ALTER DISKGROUP DATA RESIZE ALL SIZE 100G;

UNDROP DISKS clause of the ALTER DISKGROUP

ALTER DISKGROUP DATA UNDROP DISKS;

Rebalance diskgroup

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

ALTER DISKGROUP DATA REBALANCE POWER 5;

Check Diskgroup

alter diskgroup data check;

alter diskgroup data check norepair;

Diskgroup Metadata Backup

md_backup -b asm_backup.mdb.txt-g data,fra

ASM Specific Init.ora Parameters

.cluster_database= true

.asm_diskstring = ‘/dev/sd*1’

.instance_type=asm

.shared_pool_size=100M

.large_pool_size = 80M

.db_cache_size=60M

.asm_diskgroups = ‘DATA’,’FRA’

.processes=128

Initialize ASM for non-RAC

./localconfig add

Manually start CSSD (non-RAC)

/etc/init.d/init.cssd start

Manually stop CSSD (non-RAC)

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

/etc/init.d/init.cssd stop

Resetting CSS to new Oracle Home

localconfig reset /apps/oracle/product/11.1.0/ASM

ASM Dictionary Viewsv$asm_aliasLists all aliases in all currently mounted diskgroups v$asm_clientLists all the databases currently accessing the diskgroups v$asm_diskLists all the disks discovered by the ASM instance v$asm_diskgroupLists all the diskgroups discovered by the ASM instance v$asm_fileLists all files that belong to diskgroups mounted by the ASM instance v$asm_operationReports information about current active operations. Rebalance activity is reported in this view v$asm_templateLists all the templates currently mounted by the ASM instance v$asm_diskgroup_statsame as v$asm_diskgroup but does discover new diskgroups. Use this view instead of v$asm_diskgroup v$asm_disk_statsame as v$asm_disk but does not discover new disks. Use this view instead of v$asm_disk

srvctl commandsADD

srvctl add asm -n rac3 -i +ASM3 -o /opt/oracle/app/product/10.2/asm

ENABLE

srvctl enable asm -n rac3 -i +ASM3

DISABLE

srvctl disable asm -n rac3 -i +ASM3

START

srvctl start asm -n rac3

STOP

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

srvctl stop asm -n rac3

CONFIG

srvctl config asm –n rac1

REMOVE

srvctl remove asm –n rac1

STATUS

srvctl status asmsrvctl status asm –n rac1

MODIFY

srvctl modify asm –o -n rac1

ASMLIB commands (as root)

/etc/init.d/oracleasm start/etc/init.d/oracleasm stop/etc/init.d/oracleasm restart/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure/etc/init.d/oracleasm status/etc/init.d/oracleasm enable/etc/init.d/oracleasm disable/etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks/etc/init.d/oracleasm deletedisk/etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks/etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk /dev/sdd1/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sdb1/etc/init.d/oracleasm renamedisk /dev/sdb1 VOL1

Asmcmd CommandscdChanges the current directory to the specified directory duDisplays the total disk space occupied by ASM files in the specified ASM directory and all its subdirectories, recursively findLists the paths of all occurrences of the specified name (with

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

wildcards) under the specified directory ls +data/testdbLists the contents of an ASM directory, the attributes of the specified file, or the names and attributes of all disk groups lsctLists information about current ASM clients lsdgLists all disk groups and their attributes mkaliasCreates an alias for a system-generated filename mkdirCreates ASM directories pwdDisplays the path of the current ASM directory rm / rm -fDeletes the specified ASM files or directories rmaliasDeletes the specified alias, retaining the file that the alias points to lsdskLists disks visible to ASM md_backupCreates a backup of all of the mounted disk groups md_restoreRestores disk groups from a backup mkaliasCreates an alias for system-generated filenames remapRepairs a range of physical blocks on a disk cpCopies files into and out of ASM:

ASM diskgroup to OS file system OS file system to ASM diskgroup ASM diskgroup to another ASM diskgroup on the same server ASM disk group to ASM diskgroup on a remote server

The Official Real Application Clusters (RAC) Pocket Reference Guide

Cluster Verification (cluvfy)

Post-checks for hardware and operating system setup

runcluvfy.sh stage -post hwos -n node1,node2

Pre-checks for cluster services setup

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2

Check Node Reachability

runcluvfy.sh comp nodereach -n rac1,rac2 -srcnode rac1

Shared Storage Check

sh runcluvfy.sh comp ssa -n rac1,rac2

Post-checks for cluster services setup

cluvfy stage -post crsinst -n rac1,rac2

Verify Cluster Integrity

cluvfy comp clu -n rac1,rac2 -verbose

Verify Cluster Manager Integrity

cluvfy comp clumgr -n rac1,rac2 -verbose

Verify Node Applications

cluvfy comp nodeapp -n rac1,rac2 -verbose

Verify CRS Integrity

cluvfy comp crs -n rac1,rac2 -verbose

Verify OCR Integrity

cluvfy comp ocr -n rac1,rac2 -verbose

Precheck for Database Configuration

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

cluvfy stage -pre dbcfg -n rac1,rac2 -d /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/DB -verbose

Precheck for Database Installation

cluvfy stage -pre dbinst -n rac1,rac2 -verbose

Precheck for Database Installation

cluvfy stage -pre dbinst -n rac1,rac2 -verbose

Verify OCR Integrity

cluvfy comp ocr -n all

CRS Tracing

Export ORA_CRSDEBUG_ALL= 1 to 5 Check logs @ $ORA_CRS_HOME/log/node

See Metalink Note: 357808.1 for details

Enable the tracing for the resources running:

# crsctl debug log res "ora.VISK.VISK1.inst:5"# crsctl debug log res "ora.VISK.VISK2.inst:5"

Increase the tracing for crsd threads:

# crsctl debug log crs CRSRES:5# crsctl debug log crs CRSAPP:5# crsctl debug log crs CRSEVT:5

CRS commands

Stop CRS (as root)

crsctl start crs - 10gR2 /etc/init.d/init.crs start crs - 10gR1

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

Stop CRS (as root)

crsctl stop crs – 10gR2 /etc/init.d/init.crs stop crs - 10gR1

Disable CRS

/etc/init.d/init.crs disable

Check CRS

crsctl check crs

Check CSSD - crsctl check cssd Check CRSD - crsctl check crsd Check EVM - crsctl check evmd

Query Voting Disks

crsctl query css votedisk

Query Software Version

crsctl query crs softwareversion

Query Active Version

crsctl query crs activeversion

List Modules

crsctl lsmodules crs crsctl lsmodules evm

Start / Stop Resources

crs_start resource-name -all (all resource) crs_stop resource-name -all (all resource)

Diagnostic Collection - $ORA_CRS_HOME/diagcollection.pl

Level 1: Configuration info (OCR and init scripts) Level 2: Logs and traces

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

Level 3: Core files

Additional CRS command:

crs_relocate //change where resource is active

srvctl commands

ADD

# srvctl add database -d VISK -o /apps/oracle/product/10.2.0/RACDB# srvctl add instance -d VISK -i VISK1 -n rac1

CONFIG (information)

# srvctl config# srvctl config -v# srvctl config database -d VISK# srvctl config database -d VISK -a# srvctl config nodeapps -a -g -s -l -n rac1# srvctl config listener -n rac1# srvctl config service -d VISK# srvctl config service -d VISK -s "VISK_RAC" –a

Export

Ocrconfig –export /tmp/dba/exp_ocr.dmp –s online

START / STOP

# srvctl stop database -d VISK# srvctl stop database -d VISK -o abort# srvctl stop instance -d VISK -i VISK1# srvctl stop listener -b rac1 -l VISK_RAC1# srvctl stop listener -b rac1 -l VISK_RAC2

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

# srvctl start nodeapps –n RAC1# srvctl stop nodeapps – n RAC2

STATUS

# srvctl status database -d VISK# srvctl status instance -d VISK -i "VISK1,VISK2" -v# srvctl status nodeapps -n rac1

Tracing

export SRVM_TRACE=true

OCR commands

# ocrdump ocr_cluster_dump # ocrdump -stdout -keyname SYSTEM.css.misscount# ocrdump -stdout -xml # Change OCR Backup Location: ocrconfig -backuploc <directory name># Show OCR Backup: ocrconfig -showbackup# Check integrity of OCR: ocrcheck# Restore the OCR: ocrconfig –restore <filename>

Determine OCR Location

cat /etc/oracle/ocr.lococrconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw1ocrmirrorconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw2local_only=FALSE

Recommendation: Mirror the OCR disk

ocrconfig -replace ocr file_or_disk ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror file_or_disk

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

oifcfg commands

oifcfg iflist oifcfg iflist -p -n oifcfg getif -type public oifcfg getif oifcfg getif -n rac2 oifcfg getif -if eth2

Additional commands List Nodes: olsnodes -n View Available Raw Devices: raw -qa Look for CRS processes: ps –ef |egrep –i "crs|css|evm|d.bin"

Add RAC gv$ views

@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catclust.sql

RAC Specific Init.ora Parameters

*.cluster_database_instances= 2*.cluster_database= trueVISK1.instance_number= 1VISK2.instance_number= 2VISK1.thread= 1VISK2.thread= 2VISK1.undo_tablespace= 'UNDO_RBS1'VISK2.undo_tablespace= 'UNDO_RBS2'VISK1.local_listener= VISK_L1VISK2.local_listener= VISK_L2VISK1.remote_listener= VISK_R1VISK2.remote_listener= VISK_R2VISK1.log_archive_format= VISK1_%t_%s_%r.arcVISK2.log_archive_format= VISK2_%t_%s_%r.arc

Voting Disks

Backup - dd if=/dev/raw/raw11 of=/home/oracle/votingdisk.bkup Restore - dd if=/home/oracle/votingdisk.bkup of=/dev/raw/raw11

Recommendation: Have a minimum three voting disks for RAC survivability

Rolling Upgrade

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

./runInstaller -updateNodeList "CLUSTER_NODES=rac1" -local ORACLE_HOME=/apps/oracle/product/10.2.0/CRS

Recommended kernel parameters - /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0kernel.sysrq = 0kernel.core_uses_pid = 1net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 262144net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 262144kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #depends on total RAMkernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 65536net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

Setup User Equivalence1. ssh-keygen –t rsa #Take all defaults2. cd $HOME/.ssh3. cat id_rsa.pub #Copy the contents of the output4. # ssh to remote host as oracle5. cd .ssh6. vi authorized_keys #paste contents of id_rsa.pub

Note:

Repeat for all the nodes including local node Make sure that the group permissions are not writeable

Oracle Clusterware 11g Upgrade Considerations

1. Make sure that you have enough space for the OCR2. OCR space utilization doubles during the upgrade

Relevant Logfiles OS - /var/log/messages CRS - $ORA_CRS_HOME/log/node-name/crsd/node.log

Oracle 11g installation guide prepared by chowdary

CSS - $ORA_CRS_HOME/log/node-name/cssd/ocssd.log EVM - $ORA_CRS_HOME/log/node-name/evmn/evm.log RACG - $ORA_CRS_HOME/log/node-name/racg/ora.node1.ons.log VIP Tracing – edit $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/racgrwrap _USR_ORA_DEBUG=1 to 10

#Bounce Nodeapps