stephen richard eng: tennessee wild west: william walker the grey-eyed maniac of destiny notes

8/4/2019 Stephen Richard Eng: Tennessee Wild West: WILLIAM WALKER the Grey-Eyed Maniac of Destiny Notes

1/8

TWW/ William Walker: Grey-Eyed Maniac of Destiny, Notes

1 "It is the fate...": Frank Soule, John H. Ghion, and Isaac Nisbet, The Annals of Old San

Francisco, etc. (NewYork: Appleton, 1855), quoted in Laurence Greene, The Filibuster:

The Career of William Walker(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1937), pp. 26-27.

1 "INVASION...": Ambrose Bierce, The Enlarged Devil's.Dictionary, compo and ed.

Ernest J. Hopkins (New York: Doubleday, 1967), page 165.

1-.2 Walker's 1957 Nashville appearance: "General Walker at Home: Address to the

Citizens of Nashville,"New York Herald, July 14, 18S7.

2 William "Rip" Robertson: Thomas Powers, The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard

Helms and the CIA (1979; rpt. New York: Pocket Books, 1981), page 419.

2 John J. Hooker: Haynes Johnson, et al., The Bay of Pigs: The Leaders' Story of Brigade

2506(New York: W. W. Norton, 1964), pp. 244-45

2-3 Oliver North: Mike Pigott, "North due in city for fund-raiser," NashvilleBanner,

August 17, 1988; "North to give speech at fund-raiser here Aug. 26," The Tennessean,

August 19, 1988; "North visiting city Friday to raise legal defense funds," Nashville

Banner, August 25, 1988; Beth Fortune, "Dukakis threat to freedom: North,"Ibid.,

August 27, 1988.

3 "I love God and country...": Cynthia Floyd, "Protestors decry North role in scandal,"

The Tennessean, August 27, 1988.

3 Judith Thurman: Judith Thurman, "A Reporter At Large: Season,"New Yorker, Vol.

LXIV, No.4 (March 14, 1988): 44-46, 49-50, 52, 54-57, 60-78.

3 "The Capital of Manifest Destiny": Jesse C. Burt, "Capital of Manifest Destiny," in his

Nashville, Its Life and Times (Nashville: Tennessee Book Co., 1959), pp. 41-45.

3 "It had kept its gates...": John Egerton,Nashville: The Faces of Two Centuries 1780-

1980 (Nashville: Century Nashville [Plusmedia], 1980), page 107.

3 "when Walker was growing up...": Noel B. Gerson, Sad Swashbuckler: The Life of

William Walker(Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1976), page 12.

3-4 James Walker: Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer, William Walker: The Gray-Eyed Man of

Destiny, Vol. 1, The Crescent City (Lake Saint Louis, Mo.: privately printed, 1988),

page 15.

4 Nashville Insurance Company: Charles A. Marlin, "William Walker, The Gray-Eyed

1


2/8

Man of Destiny," The Nashville Tennessean, November 6, 1925.

4 Howard William Walker: Mrs. Joseph L. Weakley, Jr. ("Kate Thompson"), "Boyhood

for Howard William Walker: 'The Grey Eyed Man of Destiny' ," unpublished

manuscript, The Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville.

4 Walker and his mother: Miss Jane H. Thomas, Old Days in Nashville [plus historical

sketch of Nashville as of 1854 by J. G. M. Ramsey, M.D. added in 1969] (1897; rpt.

Nashville: Charles Elder, 1969), pp. 78-79.

4-5 "Then comes Sir Walter Scott...": Mark Twain,Life on the Mississippi (New York: The

Heritage Press,1944), pp. 271-72.

5 Davidson Academy: Alfred Leland Crabb, "Davidson Academy 1785-1806," in

Peabody and Alfred Leland Crabb , ed. John E. Windrow (Nashville: Williams Press,

1977), pp. 27-29.

5 Agatherdian Society: H. Royston Lawson, "William Walker: His Early Life,"

manuscript (Sketches-Bio-II-H-1, Box 1, f. 35) Tennessee State Library and Archives,

Nashville.

5 Harney, Gen. William: L. U. Reavis, The Life and Military Services of Gen. William

Selby Harney (Saint Louis: Bryan, Brand & Co., 1878), page 43.

5 Cumberland College: Alfred Leland Crabb, "Cumberland College 1806-1826,"

Peabody, etc., op. cit., pp. 30-31.

5 Andrew Jackson Donelson: Hugo Ellis, "Donelson, Andrew Jackson," in The

Handbook of Texas, ed. Walter Prescott Webb, et al., Vol. I (Austin: The Texas State

Historical Assoc., 1952), pp. 512-13.

5-6 The Univ. of Nashville students: Catalogue of the Officers and Graduates of the University

of Nashville (Nashville: A. Nelson, 1850).

6 Benjamin Butler Harris: Benjamin Butler Harris, The Gila Trail: The Texas Argonauts

and the California Gold Rush, ed. Richard J. Dillon (Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press,

1960), page 6.

6 Peter Pitchlynn: W. David Baird,Peter Pitchlynn: Chief of the Choctaws (Norman:

Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1972; rpt. 1986), pp. 29-30.

6 Edward Dickson Hicks II: Alfred Leland Crabb, op. cit. "The University of Nashville 1826-1875, op. cit., pp. 32-40.

2


3/8

6 William Hardeman: Nicholas Perkins Hardeman, Wilderness Calling: The Hardeman

Family in the American Westward Movement, 1750-1900 (Knoxville: The Univ. of

Tennessee Press, 1977), page 134.

6 dissertation on the iris: Albert Z. Carr, The World and William Walker(New York:

Harper & Row, 1963), page 10.

6 Dr. Jennings: Alenjandro Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., page 26.

6-7 Dr. John Berrien Lindsey: John Edwin Windrow,John Berrien Lindsley: Educator,

Physician, Social Philosopher(Chapel Hill: The Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1938),

pp. 11-12.

7 "What a striking lesson..."; "an angel...": "Letters from William Walker,"Ibid.,

pp. 178 92.

7 1845-1848: Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., pp. 74-79.

7 New Orleans Crescent: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 15-27.

7 James K. Polk: Robert E. May, The Southern Dream of a Caribbean Empire 1854-1861

(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1973; rpt. Athens: The Univ. of Georgia

Press, 1989), p. 23.

7-8 "The Unity of Art": William Walker, esq., The Unity of Art--An Address Delivered

Before the Alumni Society of the University of Nashville, October 3rd, 1848 (Nashville:

A. Nelson, "Record" Office, 1848).

8 black sombrero: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., page 22.

8 Ellen Martin:Ibid., pp. 6-7, 37; Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., page 79.

8 duel: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., page 38.

8 sale of Crescent...move to California, re: Randolph:Ibid., page 41.

9 Herald:Ibid., pp. 56-57.

9 "people were honest...": Stanton A. Coblentz, Villains and Vigilantes: The Story of

James King of William and Pioneer Justice in California (1936; rev. ed. New York:

Thomas Yoselof, 1957), page 8.

9 San Francisco crime: Laurence Greene, op. cit., pp. 26-27; Albert Z. Carr, op. cit.,

pp. 56-58.

10 Heraldeditorials: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 58-59; "A Way to stop Crime," Alejandro

Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., Vol. II (Lake st. Louis, Mo.: privately printed, 1989), pp. 83-93.

3


4/8

10-11 Judge Parsons: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp.59-63; "Tucker Behind Bars," Alejandro

Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., pp. 94-102.

11 Graham Hicks: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 64-65.

11-12 Henry P. Watkins:Ibid., pp. 73-74.

12 law practice: Robert Glass Cleland, "California and Sonora: The Day of the

Filibusters," in hisA History of California: The American Period(New York: Macmillan,

1922), pp. 323-42.

12 Apache murders in 1853: Laurence Greene, op. cit., pp. 28-39.

12 "Golden Age of Filibusters": J. Fred Rippy, "Anglo-American Filibusters and the

Gadsden Treaty," The Hispanic-American Historical Review, Vol. V, No.2 (May 1922):

pp.155-80.

12 Walker in Guaymas, Sonora: Rufus Kay Wyllys, "The Republic of Lower California,

1853-1854," The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. II, No. X (1933): 194-213; Thomas Ray

Wilson, "William Walker and the Filibustering Expedition to Lower California and

Sonora," Master of Arts thesis, The Univ. of Texas, August 1944, pp. 38-39.

12 $500 bonds: AIbert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 78-80.

13 "the most headlong breed... ": Laurence Greene, op. cit., paqe 26.

13 departure of October 17: Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., pp. 207-13.

13 La Paz invasion: Charles Frederick Hamsa, "William Walker's Mexican Adventure,"

Master of Arts history thesis, the Univ. of Nebraska, OctoDer 1968, pp. 51-59; Thomas

Ray Wilson, op. cit., pp. 46-49.

13-14 shootinq episode: Thomas Ray Wilson, op. cit., page 49.

14 Henry Watkins..."failures, wharf rats...": Laurence Greene, op. cit., page 34.

14 "who controls the destinies...": Robert Glass Cleland, op. cit.

14 three o'clock in the morning...Antonio Melendrez: Robert G. Cleland, "Bandini's of

Lower California,"Huntington Library Quarterly, Vol. VII, No.2 (February 1944): 153-66;

James Mitchell Clarke, "Antonio Melendrez," Quarterly of the California Historical

Society, Vol. XII, No.4 (December 1933): 318-22.

15 "The marauders...": Robert G. Cleland, op. cit.

15 200 Mexicans!: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., paqe 83.

15 Gadsden Purchase:Ibid., pp. 84-85; Alejandro, Bolanos-Geyer, "The Gadsden

4


5/8

Connection," op. cit., pp. 244 -57 .

16 two floggings, two executions: Laurence Greene, op. cit., pp. 41-42.

16 Sonora...crossing the Colorado River:Ibid., pp. 85-89.

16 corn jar shootinq: Thomas Ray Wilson, op. cit., pp. 69-70.

16-17 retreat to San Dieqo: Laurence Greene, op. cit., pp. 45-46; Albert Z. Carr, op. cit.,

pp. 88-90.

17 Blandon Reyes: Gary Webb, "CIA helped fuel crack's rise in bid to aid Contras:

report," NashvilleBanner, August 21,1996.

17 Watkins's trial: William O. Scroggs, "The Filibusters Before the Courts," op. cit.,

pp. 52-66; Charles Frederick Hamsa, op. cit., pp. 99-102; Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer,

op. cit.

17-18 Walker's politics: William O. Scroggs, "Walker as a California Politician,"Filibusters

and Financiers: The Story of William Walker and his Associates (New York: Macmillan,

1916, pp. 67-70; Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 91-92; Alejandro Bolailos-Geyer,

"Champion of Broderick," op. cit., pp. 310-19.

18 Walker's trial: William O. Scroggs, "The Filibusters Before the Courts," op. cit., pp.52-

66; Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 96-97; Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer, "Acquitted,"

op. cit., pp. 320-27.

19 Chatham Roberdeau Wheat: Charles L. Dufour, Gentle Tiger: The Gallant Life of

Roberdeau Wheat(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1957), pp. 77-81, 90-99.

19 third duel: Laurence Green, op. cit., page 63; Frederic Rosengarten, Jr.,Freebooters

Must Die! The Life and Death of William Walter, etc. (Wayne, Penn.: Haverford

House, 1976), page 75.

19-20 Henry A. Crabb: Laurence Greene, op. cit., page 60.

20 "colonization" contract:Ibid., page 59.

20 "of all shades...": Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., page 115.

20-21 fifty-eight men, "The Immortals": Frederic Rosengarten, Jr., op. cit., pp. 76-78.

21 La Falange Americana:Ibid., page 80.

21 Rivas: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 124-25.

21 Granada:Ibid.

21 treatinq the wounded: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., paqe 132.

5


6/8

21 Indian legend: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., paqe 141.

21 Alta Californian:Ibid, paqe 141.

21-22 "Nicaraquan elections...":Ibid., pp. 189-90.

22 Wheeler: Frederic Rosengarten, Jr., op. cit., pp. 140-41 .

22 "Nashville Sound of Filibusterinq": G. T. Vigne, esq., "Nicaragua," in his Travels in

Mexico, South America, etc., Vol. I (London: Wm. H. Allen, 1863), pp. 79-100.

22 Galveston Weekly News: Earl W. Fornell, "Texans and Filibusters in the 1850s," The

Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Vol. LIX, No.4 (April 1956): 411-28; Jeffrey A.

Zemler, "The Texas Press and William Walker in Nicaraqua,"East Texas Historical

Journal, Vol. XXIV, No.1 (1986): 27-38.

22-23 Elleanore Callaghan: "Four Years in Nicaraqua with 'The Grey-Eyed Man of Destiny',"

NashvilleBanner, October 12, 1912; "Documents I: With Walker in Nicaraqua--The

Reminiscences of Elleanore (Callaghan) Ratterman," Tennessee Historical Magazine,

Vol. I, No.4 (December 1915): 315-30; Ed Huddleston,Big Wheels and Little Wagons

(Nashville: NashvilleBanner, n.d.), pp. 15-18 [reprints of 1959 articles]; Kevin Dockery,

"Nashville's history comes alive in six mini-dramas," Green Hills [Nashville] News, Vol.

8, No. 19 (May 16, 1996): 1.

23 General Corral: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 148-50.

23 Henry L. Kinney: Ibid., pp. 156-S9.

23-24 Parker French:Ibid., pp. 104, 159-62; Donald Dale Jackson, "Parker French, Flimflam

Man," True West, Vol. 35, No. 2 [whole No. 238] (February 1988): 14-18.

24 Garrison, Morgan affair: James P. Bauqhman, Charles Morgan and the

Development of Southern Transportation (Nashville: Vanderbilt Univ. Press, 1968),

pp. 77-85.

24 Parker French's lectures: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., paqe 163.

25 Walker's slavery proposal: William O. Scroggs, op. cit., pp. 210 -11 .

25 Catholics on slavery: Thomas Stritch, "Catholic Attitudes Toward Slavery," in his The

Catholic Church in Tennessee: The Sesquicentennial Story (Nashville: The Catholic

Center, 1987), pp. 136-46.

25 Texas newspapers re: slavery: Earl W. Fornell, op. cit.; Jeffrey A. Zemler, op. cit.

25 600 troops versus 5000: Noel B. Gerson, op. cit., pp . 105, 108 .

6


7/8

25 Chatham Roberdeau Wheat: Frederic Rosengarten, Jr., op. cit., page 168; Laurence

Greene, op. cit., page 284.

26 New Orleans: Laurence Greene, op. cit., page 299.

26 Horace Greeley: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., page 221.

26 Alexander H. Stephens: Robert E. May, op. cit., page 114.

26 "Cobweb Palace": Herbert Asbury, The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San

Francisco Underworld(New York, N.Y.: Knopf, 1933), pp. 228-30.

26 Texas: Earl W. Fornell, op. cit.

26-27 Felix Zollicoffer: Speech of Hon. Felix K. Zollicoffer of Tennessee on the Neutrality

Laws Delivered in the House of Representatives, January 13, 1858 (Wash., D.C.:

Congressional Globe Office, 1858).

27 1858 return to Nashville: Alfred Leland Crabb, "The Fifties--NashvilIe's Great Decade

(Cont.)," op. cit., pp. 85-92.

27 The War in Nicaragua: General William Walker, The War in Nicaragua [with a

"Foreward" by Robert Houston, 1985] (Mobile: S. H. Goetzel, 1860; rpt. Tucson: The

Univ. of Arizona Press, 1985).

28 Truxillo: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 269-70.

28 Jane H. Thomas: Miss Jane H. Thomas, op. cit., pp. 78-79.

28 Norvell Salmon: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit.

28 box full of money: "Filibuster William Walker: The Vicissitudes of a Former Nashville

Lawyer in Nicaragua and Honduras," Manuscript Section, AC. No. 1209: Sketches--

Bioqraphy, II-H-1, Box 1, f. 35, Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville.

28 execution: Albert Z. Crabb, op. cit., page 272.

28-29 "to renew...": Laurence Greene, op. cit., page 327.

29 Jane Thomas and Walker's rifle: Miss Jane H. Thomas, op. cit., page 79.

29 Henningson: Frederic Rosengarten, Jr., op. cit., page 215.

29 "The Wraith of William Walker": William G. Erwin, "William Walker," The

Taylor-Trotwood Magazine (March 1909): 507-09.

31 Knights of the Golden Circle: Earl W. Fornell, op. cit.;

Robert E. May, The Southern Dream of a Caribbean Empire 1854-1861 (Baton Rouge:

Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1973), former New YorkTimes bureau chief) A. J.

7


8/8

Langguth in "On Company Business," 1979 television documentary, on its video

reissue, Inside the CIA: On Company Business," Part 2, Assassination, Maljack

Productions (1987) .

33 Nicaraguan murder manual: Greider, William, "U.S. Sponsored Terrorism: The C.I.A.

has its own Good Book for Christian soldiers,"Rolling Stone, No. 436 (December 6,

1984): 13-14, 16, 69.

8