stem changing verbs + the affirmative and negative · pdf filein spanish there are “stem...
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Learning Goals: I will review my knowledge of stem changing verbs
and their conjugation
I will revisit how to make statements affirmative and negative in Spanish
In Spanish there are “stem changing verbs”… These are verbs that change their stem when
conjugated in all forms EXCEPT for nosotros and vosotros
In the present tense, there are three types of stem changing verbs:
o:ue
e:ie
e:i
Stem changing verbs: o:ue An example of a verb that changes from o:ue is costar
Here is how costar is conjugated:
Yo cuesto
Tú cuestas
Él/Ella/Usted cuesta
Nosotros costamos
Vosotros costáis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes cuestan
Stem changing verbs o:ue Here are more examples of stem changing verbs:
Almozar (to eat lunch) Probar (to prove)
Morir (to die) Dormir (to sleep_
Aprobar (to approve) Recordar (to recall)
Mostrar (to show) Devolver (to return)
Colgar (to hang) Resolver (to solve)
Mover (to move) Volver (to return from)
Contar (to count) Rogar (to beg)
Stem changing verbs e:ie An example of a verb that changes from e:ie is cerrar:
Yo cierro
Tu cierras
Él/Ella/Usted cierra
Nosotros cerramos
Vosotros cerráis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes cierran
Stem changing verbs e:ie Here are more examples of stem changing verbs:
Entender (to understand) Perder (to lose)
Mentir (to lie) Negar (to deny)
Fregar (to scrub) Empezar (to begin)
Comenzar (to begin) Preferir (to prefer)
Confesar (to confess) Pensar (to think)
Consentir (to consent) Defender (to defend)
Convertir (to convert) Advertir (to advise)
Stem changing verbs e:i An example of a verb that changes from e:i is repetir:
Yo repito
Tú repitas
Él/Ella/Usted repita
Nosotros repetimos
Vosotros repetís
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes repiten
Stem changing verbs e:i Here are more examples of stem changing verbs:
Colegir (to deduce) Perseguir (to pursue)
Impedir (to impede) Decir (to say)
Competir (to compete) Reír (to laugh)
Medir (to measure) Elegir (to elect)
Conseguir (to get) Sonreír (to smile)
Pedir (to ask for) Gemir (to groan)
Corregir (to correct) Servir (to serve)
10-4 Roger that… When some people think of the word “affirmative”,
they think of the military or radio codes, but really all “affirmative” means is just to agree with a statement
And “negative” doesn’t imply that you’re being a Debbie Downer, it just means that it does not agree with a statement
Negative and Affirmative You already know that to make a sentence negative,
you can just add “no” before the verb in a sentence like this:
No sé.
No entiendo.
No tengo dinero.
…however, there are more ways that the affirmative and negative can be communicated in Spanish
Negative and Affirmative Using the following words, you can change the
meaning of your statement to be affirmative or negative:
Algo (something) Nada (nothing)
Alguien (someone) Nadie (no one)
Algún/o/a/s (something) Ningún/o/a/s (nothing)
Siempre (always) Nunca (never)
También (also) Tampoco (neither)
O…o (either, or) Ni…ni (neither…nor)
Negation In English, a double negative is not used
grammatically and typically leads to the statement becoming affirmative
In Spanish, not only can you make a statement a double negative, but if you really want to drive home a point, you can make it a triple negative
Por ejemplo… Nadie habla. Nobody speaks.
No habla nadie. Nobody speaks.
Nunca habla nadie. Nobody ever speaks.
However… Unlike in English, you cannot mix affirmative and
negative phrases in Spanish.
English: Maria doesn’t need anything.
Spanish: María no necesita nada.
Algún y ningún Alguno and ninguno typically drop the –o when they
are in front of a masculine singular noun
¿Tienes algún libro? No, no tengo ningún libro.
Alguno/a and ninguno/a are generally used in the singular
¿Tienes alguna revistas? No, no tengo ninguna.
Algún y ningún The plural alguno/a and ninguno/a is only used when
the noun it modifies only exists in the plural:
Ningunas vacaciones a Florida son completas sin una excursión a el mundo de Disney. No vacation to Florida is complete without a trip to Disney World.