stem cells in regenrative therapy
DESCRIPTION
stem cells applications on heart brain cancer diabetes bloodTRANSCRIPT
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STEM CELLS IN REGENERATIVE THERAPY
PRESENTED BY
B.RAGHAVENDRA
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Asst PROFESSOR A.SWAPNA Mtech (Bio-tech)
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STEM CELL
Primitive cell with a very high potential and infinite ability of self –renewal and differentiation into other cell types
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Symmetrical cell division
Self renewal
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Asymmetrical cell division
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STEM CELL TYPE DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
Totipotent Each cell can develop into a new individual
Cells from early (1-3 days) embryos
PluripotentCells can form any (over 200) cell types
Some cells of blastocyst (5 to 14 days)
Multipotent
Cells differentiated, but can form a number of other tissues
Fetal tissue, cord blood, and adult stem cells
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CLONINGSomatic cell nuclear transfer
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IDENTIFYING STEM CELLS
Peripheral blood
In vitro
Colony forming units
Erythroid stem cells
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SOURCES OF STEM CELLS Adult stem cells Embryonic stem cells Cord blood cells
From adults stem cells can be collected mostly from brain and bone marrow.
From embryo stem cells can be collected from blastocyst.
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APPLICATIONS OF ADULT STEM CELLS AS Haemopoitic cells, Cardiac Cells Neuronal Cells Hepatocytes Skeletal Muscles
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APPLICATIONS OF STEM CELLS Neurodegenerative disorders Cancer Heart failure Diabetes Haematopoitic diseases Hepatocytic diseases
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NEUROGENRATIVE DISORDERS
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Huntington’s disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Parkinson’s treatment
Due to loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra disease occurs
Symptoms are muscle rigidity, resting tremor, and slowing of movement. Over time, patients sustain a loss of mobility and dysautonomia , dystonic cramps and dementia
Cell transplantation from fetal tissues has offered some success in the treatment of Parkinson's disorder
There are two principalvdifferent ways of using ESCs predifferentiated into DA neurons and stem or progenitorcells with different commitment transplanted into the striatum or SN.
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HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE TREATMENTHD is a fatal hereditary and neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment, and emotional disorder.
HD is caused by mutation of a gene, which resulted in an abnormal expansion of CAG-encoded polyglutamine repeats in a protein called huntingtin (Walker, 2007). This leads to loss of medium spiny neurons (GABAergic neurons) in the striatum cell transplantation serve as a hopeful strategy for reducing neural damage and replacing the lost neurons in the HD brain
ALZHEIMER’S TREATMENTloss of cholinergic neurons of forebrain due to formation of beta amyloid insoluble protiens Replacement of damged cholinergic neurons by transplantation of developed stem cells
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subventricular zone (SVZ) and olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
Types of stem cell transplants for treating cancer Autologous —the cells come from you
Allogeneic —the cells come from a matched related or unrelated donor
Syngeneic —the cells come from your identical twin or triplet
In a typical stem cell transplant very high doses of chemo are used, often along with radiation therapy, . This treatment also kills the stem cells in the bone marrow. Soon after treatment, stem cells are given to replace those that were destroyed. These stem cells are given into a vein, much like a blood transfusion. Over time they settle in the bone marrow and begin to grow and make healthy blood cells. This process is called engraftment
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MECHANISM OF ACTION OF STEM CELLS ON CANCER
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HEART FAILURE TREATMENT
Hematopoietic stem cells could transdifferentiate into
cardiomyocytes when injected in the border zone of
infarcted myocardium, making them of particular interest
in the treatment of cardiac disease because they represent
a well-characterized and ample source of progenitor cells.
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HEMATOPOIESIS
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HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL
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THE SOURCES OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS
Bone marrow Peripheral blood Umbilical cord blood
Use of allogeneic bone marrow transplants is in the
treatment of hereditary blood disorders, such as different types of inherited anemia (failure to produce blood cells), and inborn errors of metabolism
Leukemia , beta-thalassemia, globoid cell leukodystrophy, sickle-cell anemia
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STEM CELLS FOR DIABETES
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Production of growth factors Differentiation of ductal epithelium Replication of pre existing beta cells Acinar transdifferentiation
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CONCLUSION
Neurodegenrative disorders are incurable can more
effective therapy by stem cells. Tissue damage cells can
be replaced by stem cells
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REFERENCES Alison, M.R., Poulsom, R., Jeffery, R., Dhillon, A.P., Quaglia, A.,
Jacob, J., Novelli, M., Prentice, G., Williamson, J., and Wright, N.A. (2000). Hepatocytes from non-hepatic adult stem cells. Nature. 406, 257.
Audet, J., Miller, C.L., Rose-John, S., Piret, J.M., and Eaves, C.J. (2001). Distinct role of gp130 activation in promotingself-renewal divisions by mitogenically stimulated murine hematopoietic stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98, 1757–1762.
Baum, C.M., Weissman, I.L., Tsukamoto, A.S., Buckle, A.M., and Peault, B. (1992). Isolation of a candidate human hematopoietic stem-cell population. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89, 2804–2808.
Bittner, R.E., Schofer, C., Weipoltshammer, K., Ivanova, S., Streubel, B., Hauser, E., Freilinger, M., Hoger, H., Elbe-Burger, A., and Wachtler, F. (1999). Recruitment of bone-marrow-derived cells by skeletal and cardiac muscle in adult dystrophic mdx mice. Anat. Embryol. (Berl) 199, 391–396.
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Thank you