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Steganography (Download Full Report And Abstract)

INTRODUCTION

Steganography

comes from the

Greek and literallymeans, "Covered

writing". It is one

of various data

hiding techniques,

which aims at

transmitting a

message on a

channel where

some other kind of

information is

already being

transmitted. This

distinguishes

steganography

from covert

channel

techniques, which

instead of trying

to transmit data

between two

entities that wereunconnected

before.

The goal of

steganography is

to hide messages

inside other

harmless

messages in a way

that does not

allow any enemy

to even detect thatthere is a second

secret message

present. The only

missing

information for

the enemy is the

short easily

exchangeable

random number

sequence, the

secret key,without the secret

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key, the enemy

should not have

the slightest

chance of even

becoming

suspicious that onan observed

communication

channel, hidden

communication

might take place.

Steganography is

closely related to

the problem of

hidden channels n

secure operating

system design, aterm which refers

to all

communication

paths that cannot

easily be restricted

by access control

mechanisms. In an

ideal world we

would all be able

to sent openly

encrypted mail or

files to each other

with no fear of

reprisals. However

there are often

cases when this is

possible, either

because the

working company

does not allow

encrypted email orthe local

government does

not approve of

encrypt

communication (a

reality in some

parts of the

world). This is

where

steganography can

come into play.

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Data hiding

techniques can

also be classified

with respect to the

extraction process:

Cover Escrow

methods need both

the original piece

of information and

the encoded one in

order to extract

the embedded

data.

Blind or Oblivious

schemes can

recover the hiddenmessage by means

only of the

encoded data.

Steganography

has developed a

lot in recent years,

because digital

techniques allow

new ways of

hiding

informations

inside other

informations, and

this can be

valuable in a lot of

situations. The

first to employ

hidden

communications

techniques -withradio

transmissions-

were the armies,

because of the

strategic

importance of

secure

communication

and the need to

conceal the source

as much aspossible.

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Nowadays, new

constraints in

using strong

encryption for

messages are

added byinternational laws,

so if two peers

want to use it,

they can resort in

hiding the

communication

into casual

looking data. This

problem has

become more and

more importantjust in these days,

after the

international

Wassenaar

agreement, with

which around

thirty of the major

- with respect to

technology -

countries in the

world decided to

apply restrictions

in cryptography

export similar to

the USs ones.

Another

application of

steganography is

the protection of

sensitive data. A

file system can behidden in random

looking files in a

hard disk, needing

a key to extract

the original files.

This can protect

from physical

attacks to people

in order to get

their passwords,

because maybe theattacker cant

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even know that

some files are in

that disk.

The major concern

of steganography

is stealth, becauseif an attacker,

either passive or

active, can detect

the presence of the

message, from

that point he can

try to extract it

and, if encrypted,

to decrypt it. The

resistance to

attempt atdestruction or

noise is not

required, since we

consider the

sender and the

receiver equally

interested in

exchanging

messages, so that

they will try to

transmit the stego-

medium in the

best way they can.

If the stego-data

can be transmitted

over the selected

channel, and this

is usually the case

with all the media

that are used, like

images or sounds,then the embedded

data will be

preserved along

with them. Thus,

data hiding

techniques for

steganography

must focus on the

maximum strength

against detection

and extraction.As a second

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request, we would

prefer a high data

rate, because we

will usually want

to be able to

exchange anyamount of data,

from simple

messages to top

secret images.

Reference:http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-steganography-download-full-report-

and-abstract#ixzz1n8a87TbG

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