steels for plastic moulding

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld

Steels for plastic moulding

Edelstahl Witten-KrefeldContacts

Sales + Customer Services Plastic mould steelsTel. +49 2302 - 294 941Fax +49 2302 - 292 295e-mail [email protected]

Machining + ServiceTel. +49 2302 - 294 247 Fax +49 2302 - 294 163e-mail [email protected]

Auestraße 4 D-58452 Witten Tel. +49 2302 29-0 www.ewk-stahl.com

Although plastics have onlybeen in existence for about 100years, their contemporary usesreach into virtually every areaof our lives. Applications spanfrom bulk commodities such aspackaging and reusable bottles,to high-quality articles andaccessories manufactured forthe consumer goods, leisure,automotive and constructionindustries. High-tech applicationshave found their way into theaerospace industry too – lifetoday has become unimaginablewithout plastics.

In 2003 global plastics productionexceeded the 200 million-tonthreshold. The steadily increasinguse of plastics requires evermore efficient and reliable processing to trim productioncosts. This also applies to theoptimization of tool steels.

When considering the entireplastic-manufacturing processchain, it becomes evident thatmould design and engineeringare of outstanding importance.For this reason plastic mouldsteels are of key significance,as they serve as a basis for theultimate quality of the ready-to-use plastic product.

Each plastic product has to fulfil completely individual requirements when it comes to quality, optical and tactileappearance, surface finish andstrain limits. To ensure thesedemands are met, high-qualityand special steels are essentialfor the construction of a mould.

Plastics – an ever growing market

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld – the expertsin steels for plastic moulding

The valency of a plastic surface– whether perfectly textured,photo-etched or immaculatelymirror-finished – can only be asgood as the finish of the mouldthe plastic product has been moulded with.The better a tool steel is matchedto the demands of the plasticproduct, the better the finalproduct quality.

The Edelstahl Witten-Krefeldsteels for plastic moulding arecharacterized by two factors.On the one hand the use of thehighest steel quality and on theother the steel's propertieswhich in each individual casecan be ideally adjusted to themost diverse requirements ofdifferent dies or to those of theplastic product itself.

The use of the most moderntechnology for EdelstahlWitten-Krefeld's plastic mould steels meet the mostrigorous demands regarding:

• purity• polishability• consistent hardness

and microstructure• wear resistance• temperature resistance• machinability• toughness and degree of

hardness• thermal conductivity

So as to offer optimal conditionsto mould manufacturers, theplastic-processing industry andother industrial users, EdelstahlWitten-Krefeld extends its services into customer and application-specific consultationas well as advice on productdevelopment.Deciding on the perfect toolsteel at Edelstahl Witten-Krefeldbegins by consulting our plasticmould steel specialists. Thedemands on the final productare defined by the plastic-mouldstrain and the demands on therequired steel grade.

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld delivers individual sizes ex-warehouse.Our clients are given the chanceto be integrated in decisionmaking from the extent towhich pre-machining shouldtake place, via the manufactureof components right through tothe perfectly fitting mouldedarticle. In addition to a broadspectrum of conventionalsteels, Edelstahl Witten-Krefeldalso supplies specialty materialssuch as Ferro-Titanit®.

02 03

... and for the furniture industry

Plastic as a design material for household appliances ...

Plastic mould, Coko-Werk factory, Bad Salzuflen

profile demands as characterizedby the final plastic product.

To complement the know-howof our steel specialists , we areable to rely on the most modernproduction facilities backed upby decades of experience inevery area dealing with heattreatment.Furthermore, our active and certified quality assurancesystem (DIN EN 14001, DIN ENISO 9001, QS 9000, VDA 6.1 TS16949 and KTA 1401) warrantsthe production of an individuallydefined steel grade with continuous quality consistence.

The moulds used for plastic processing are very diverse in their functionality and thedemands made on them.

The correct choice and treatmentof the steel grade are decisivelyinfluential on the quality andresulting profitability of plasticproduction.

So as to ensure the client'sdemands are met, we rely on a highly experienced group of specialists in the steels-for- plastic-moulding area. Togetherwith the mould manufacturers,they constitute a perfectly co-ordinated team to determinewhich steel grade and quality aremost appropriate to the individual

Process reliabilty from consultation through to the final product

Precision for mould manufacturers

Profitability for the plastic-processing industry

Dependability for the plastic user

Our competence begins withadvice on the choice of themost suitable steel and extendsto the development of new specific tool-steel grades. Notonly do you have the choicebetween the various forms delivered from our extensivestock and product range, butyou also determine whether the mould is to be delivered in a pre-machined or ready-to-install state.

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld thenreliably delivers the chosensteel grade fast and in anyquantity desired – and alwayswith consistent quality. Thisapplies to all important marketsworldwide.

We guarantee our clients customized precision from thesteel production stage rightthrough to machining – andthis mould after mould.

Benefits for the mould manufacturers are:

• high degree of purity• excellent polishability• exceptional texturing

properties• consistent microstructure• optimal machinability• reproducible heat

treatment• very short delivery times• competent advisors• development of new steel

grades

Long exposure times and high-quality continuity for every plastic product are generellyexpected from the mould inplastic processing.

In order to achieve this, the dieshave to be exceptionally finelytuned to the specific propertiesof the plastic used and to thedemands of the final plasticproduct.

Many years of experience,coupled with innovative materialtechnology in productiontogether with treatment oflong products – made of qualitysteels – have placed us in a position to deliver tailor-made steel grades to satisfy mechanical, thermal and chemical demands of the plasticproducts.

Our technicians provide adviceand support even when problemswith the exposure time for themoulds occur. They are able to produce findings for rapidand long-term damage repairthrough assessment and material testing.

The ensuing benefits for theplastic mould manufacturerare:

• excellent thermal conductivity

• optimal wear resistance• unique compression strength,

hardness and toughness• corrosion resistance• low maintenance costs• minimum mould maintenance• extraordinary dimensional

stability• good repair weldability

Because the quality of the steelused for plastic moulding is crucial for the processing qualityof the final plastic product, it ishighly recommended to consultwith our specialists at an earlystage – optimally at the plan-ning stage. Our know-how andtechnical advice mean production security right fromthe start. The advantage of finetuning at preliminary stagesresults in minimization of production costs.

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld suppliesthe chosen steel grade or thepre-machined moulds to mouldmanufacturers throughout theworld. They then produce themould. Our global supply network concurrently guaranteesdependable delivery and highestquality on-site.

The resulting benefits for theplastic user are:

• technical consultation• shorter delivery times• long-term know-how• plastic surfaces

reproducible at any time• consistent quality

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Pre-machining a plastic mould

The basis for the purity andhomogeneity of our plasticmould steels is the fact that weproduce them ourselves in ourmodern steelworks in Witten.We achieve the clients’predefined demands by meansof precise alloying and processspecifications for melting,shaping and heat treatment.

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld's toolsteels are melted in a 130 ton electric arc furnace. After the smelting process, secondarymetallurgy is carried out in aspecial unit.

In order to cast the metallurgically treated moltenmetal, two processes can beapplied – depending on therequired size of the final product. Usually an optimizedvertical continuous castingmethod is used, but for largeforging sizes, ingot casting isemployed.

Our technology and experience – your guarantors for premium quality

Tailor-made hardening and tempering

Custom remelting

For tool steel grades having tomeet especially high standardsin toughness, homogeneity andpurity, Edelstahl Witten-Krefeldhas three electroslag remeltingfurnaces (ESR) and one vacuum-arc remelting furnace (VAR) atits disposal.

Deciding which method is mostsuitable is predetermined bythe desired quality the remeltedsteel is to have. A considerablyhigher degree of purity is attainedby utilizing electroslag remeltingthan if the steel is not remelted.For the most demanding requirements, the vacuum-arcremelting process is used.

Thanks to computer-controlledprocess flows, starting with the inspection of incoming shipments to the final heat-treated product, the reproducibility of the heattreatment is guaranteed atany time.

An extra for our clientsThrough the use of a precision-hardening process – anEdelstahl Witten-Krefeld development – the deformationof thin components, such asguide strips, is reduced to aminimum.

06 07

ESR furnace at Krefeld factory Plasma nitriding

The integration of the previousThyssen hardening shops intothe Edelstahl Witten-Krefeldgroup enables us to build ondecades of tradition in all fieldsof heat treatment. From apractical point of view, we cannow manufacture productsusing the complete productionchain – starting with the steelproduction, via pre-machiningto refining through to heattreatment. We therefore offer a one-stop solution for theworld's most important markets,fulfilling the most discerningprerequisites for moulds.

In our hardening shops acrossthe continents, we have vacuum-hardening furnaces, inert gasplants and plasma-nitridingplants for thermo-chemical treatments at our disposal.

As the processing methods forplastics vary to a great extent,the demand profile of the steelmoulds for plastic mouldingmay show very considerable differences.Consequently different steelgrades are inevitable to attain a perfect final plastic product.

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld supplies superlative tool steelsfor each type of application andevery stage related to plasticprocessing.

The most important EdelstahlWitten-Krefeld steel grades formoulds used in differentprocessing methods are referredto in detail on the followingpages.

Steels for plastic moulding areused for:

• injection moulding• compression moulding• plastic extrusion• blow moulding• large moulds • mould frames• extruders

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Overview ofplastic mould steels

Injectionmoulding

Compression moulding

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Extrusion Blow moulding

Largemoulds

Mould frames

Extruders

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Processes and steels for plastics processing

Highly polished plastic-goggle surface

Plastic rear-lighting unit for vehicles

PET bottles made using blow moulding


THYROPLAST® 2083

THYROPLAST® 2083 SUPRA

THYROPLAST® 2085

THYROPLAST® 2162


THYROPLAST® 2311

THYROPLAST® 2312

THYROPLAST® 2316


THYROTHERM® 2343 EFS

THYROTHERM® 2343 EFS SUPRA



THYROPLAST® 2361

THYRODUR® 2363

THYRODUR® 2379

THYRODUR® 2709

THYROPLAST® 2711

THYROPLAST® 2738

THYROPLAST® 2738 EHT PLUS

THYROPLAST® 2764

THYRODUR® 2767

THYRODUR® 2842

THYROPLAST® 2891

THYRODUR® 2990

THYROPLAST® PH X SUPRA

THYROPLAST® PH 42 SUPRA

CorroPlast®

THYRAPID® 3343

Injection moulding is the mostsignificant method employed to produce moulded parts forthermoplastics. It is also usedfor the processing of thermo-setting plastics and elastomers.Injection moulding is ideal forthe plastics manufacturer producing such products ascogwheels for watches, or bumpers and mudguards for automobiles.During the moulding processthe smelted plastic is injectedinto a die which then forms themould cavity. Here the plasticdevelops the desired shape andcools. The finish of the final product is characterized by threefactors: the type of plastic used,the processing parameters andthe injection mould itself.

The basic tasks of an injectionmould are to intake the melt,distribute and form it and tocool it rendering a solid stateobject. Finally the finished product is ejected. For this reason an appropriate steel grade is of paramountimportance for the thermaldesign of a mould, since differences in the die's surfacetemperature or wall thicknessbring about varying coolingconditions and thereby influencethe properties of the mouldedpart.

Injection moulding High-performance steels for injection moulds

Additionally to a broad range ofglobally established high-qualitystandard steel grades, EdelstahlWitten-Krefeld provides furthersteels with specific qualities forinjection moulds. Please see theproduct table below for propertycomparisons.We have highligtedthe following steel grades asmost representative of ourcomplete range.

THYROPLAST® PH X SUPRA is anextremely corrosion-resistant,precipitation-hardenable andremelted steel grade exhibitingoutstanding polishability.Typical operational applicationsof this very pure steel includespectacle lenses, headlightmoulds for the automobile industry and components for the aeronautics and chemicalindustries.

THYROPLAST® PH 42 SUPRAis a precipitation-hardenableremelted steel for plastic moulding, exhibiting excellentpolishability and weldability aswell as outstanding toughness

and texturing properties.This steel grade is ideal for extensively used injectionmoulds.

CorroPlast® is a low-carbonstainless steel which machinesmore easily than any otherstainless steel for plastic moulding known to date. SinceCorroPlast® is supplied at anapproximate hardness of 320 HB, this steel grade doesnot necessitate any additionalheat treatment. CorroPlast® is suitable for mould frames andplastic moulds with standarddemands on polishability andresistance to condensation andcooling water.

THYRODUR® 2709 is characterized by the followingproperties – extreme toughness,polishability, good texturingproperties and weldability. Themartensitic-hardenable cold-work steel is employed formoulds and mould cores withcomplex geometry used underextreme flexural stress.

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Spectacle lenses. Photo: Rodenstock

Injection mould with hot-runner system. Photo: Buhr Stahlformenbau Plastic headlights

For compression moulding acompression-moulding material,usually pre-heated and in theform of powder, grain or pellets,is poured into the mould. The moulding material is plastifiedusing pressure and heat andformed in such a way that theplastic to be manufacturedcompletely fills the mould cavity.

Decisive process parameters for a mould are pressure and temperature. When manufacturing the mouldplates and all shaping elementsof the mould, it is important tobear in mind that the workingtemperature should not exceedthe tempering strength of thesteel. Wear resistance is a further but important criteriummade on a mould, since the fillers contained in the compression-moulding materialhave the capacity to createextreme wear and tear. This isthe case, for example, withfibreglass-containing plastics.

Compression moulding High-performance steels for compression moulds

When it comes to moulds,Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld doesnot only supply an extensiverange of high-quality quenchedand tempered, annealed andsolution-annealed steel grades,but other steels with specialproperties. We have chosen two steel grades to representa larger selection.

THYROPLAST® 2738 EHT PLUS is apre-hardened high-performancesteel for the production of verylarge-sized moulds and dies.This steel grade is supplied ata hardness of 310 to 350 HBachieved by quenching andtempering. It exhibits verygood texturing properties,machinability, weldability andnitridability. In comparison tosteel grades used to date,THYROPLAST® 2738 EHT PLUSfeatures increased thermal conductivity as well as enhancedquenching and tempering properties. Due to its improvedtoughness and a hardness symmetrically distributed overthe entire cross section, thishigh-tech steel grade is recommended for the construction of more complicated

moulds, such as those neededfor bumpers, sinks and claddingfor automobile and plane interiors.

THYRODUR® 2990 is a newly developed, ledeburitic cold-toolsteel with high hardness, goodtoughness and high tempering strength whichsimultaneously displays a highwear resistance. Its excellentcompression strength, highabrasion and adhesion resistance create a propertyprofile ideal for pressure padsand plastic moulds.

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Interior design by Fiona McLean. www.mcleanquinlan.com, Photo: DuPont Corian. Automobile interior study. Photo: Skoda

Extrusion is a shaping process,the result of which are strand-like plastic semi-finished or continuous products. Productexamples include plastic profilesor continuous-strand pipes. Inthis process, the plastified plasticto be processed is pressed bymeans of an extruder from apressure chamber through amould orifice. The profiles ofthe female mould have to bepurpose shaped to enable theextrusion of complicated crosssections of the strand.

Decisive factors for the successof an extrusion process areshape retention and dimensionalstability of the female mould,which ensure the manufactureof precise profiles and theensuing products necessitatingstandardized high quality.Resistance to mechanical wearand corrosion are prerequisitesthe steel used to produce themould also has to meet.

Plastic extrusion High-performance steels for plastic extruders

Besides their establishedhigh-quality standard steels (quenched and tempered orannealed), Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld supplies steel gradeswith special qualities for extruders. We would like to highlight the following steelgrades from our complete product range. Please see the product table below for a comparison of properties.

THYROPLAST® 2316 is a standardsteel grade, which is suppliedquenched and tempered at aworking hardness of approximately 300 HB. Due toits increased chromium content,this grade is endowed withgreater corrosion resistance.The steel shows an appropriate polishability, weldability andmachinability.THYROPLAST® 2316 is mainlyused for moulds to process corrosive plastics as well as formould inserts, slot dies, profilemoulds and sizing dies.

THYROPLAST® PH X SUPRA is anextremely corrosion-resistant,precipitation-hardenable andremelted steel grade exhibitingoutstanding polishability. Aderivative of THYROPLAST® 2316,this exceptionally pure premiumsteel grade features better wearresistance and high dimensionalstability after machining.THYROPLAST® PH X SUPRA is,amongst other purposes, usedfor heavily strained femalemoulds and for continuous orhollow profiles such as windowframes.

14 15

Plastic profiled window frames Greiner Extrusion PowerTooling extrusion die for PVC window profiles

In PET processing for example,cooling is important for thequality and performance of ablow mould. For this reasonsteel grades with particularlygood thermal conductivityshould be taken into consideration when choosingmaterials.

Blow moulding is the usual production process for hollowplastic objects such as bottles,canisters and similar containers.This process is also used for themaking of flat and tubular films.A blow mould is constructedfrom several parts.

In the production of hollowarticles such as bottles, a preformis moulded by means of a blowingmandrel and compressed air.The manufacture of flat filmsusing this method is carried outby means of slot dies. Tubularfilms are produced with blowheads.Blow moulds are particularlysubjected to increased wearand tear at the parting lines.These mechanically heavilystressed parts should, therefore,be replaceable and made fromhigh tensile steel.

The blow-moulding process High-performance steels for blow-moulding moulds

For blow moulding EdelstahlWitten-Krefeld supplies a broadassortment of high-qualityquenched and tempered steelgrades with highly minimizeddistortion. Regardless whetherintended for use as a slotmould, blow head or for a hollowarticle mould (for products suchas bottles or canisters), everylisted steel grade is perfectlydesigned for different blowmoulds.The blow mould product rangeconsists of the following steel grades. Please refer to the product table for propertycomparisons.

CorroPlast® is a low-carbonstainless tool steel which ismore easily machined than anyother stainless steel for plasticmoulding known to-date. SinceCorroPlast® is supplied at anapproximate hardness of 320 HB, this steel grade doesnot necessitate any additionalheat treatment. CorroPlast® is suitable for mould framesand plastic moulds, meetingstandard demands on polishability and resistance to condensation and coolingwater.

THYROPLAST® 2311 is a quenchedand tempered standard steelgrade, supplied at a hardness of 280 to 325 HB. It comes witha minimal sulphur contentand is characterized by its goodmachinability, weldability andsuitability for nitriding. Itdisplays sufficient high robustness for standard applications. Quenching and tempering is limited to athickness of approximately 400 mm.

THYROPLAST® 2316 and THYROPLAST® 2316 SUPRA are standard steel grades andare supplied quenched andtempered at a workinghardness of approximately 300 HB. Due to their increased chromium content these grades display a higher corrosionresistance. The steels' polishability and weldabilityproperties are good – likewisetheir machinability. Thesecorrosion-resistant steel gradesare mainly used for the processing of chemicallyaggressive plastics like PVC.

THYROPLAST® PH X SUPRAis an extremely corrosion-resistant, precipitation-hardenable and remelted steel grade with outstanding polishability. This exceptionallypure premium steel grade is a derivative of THYROPLAST® 2316,featuring better wear resistanceand greater dimensional stability after machining.

THYROPLAST® 2738 is a quenched and tempered steelfor plastic moulding and comesat a hardness of 280 to 325 HB.This steel grade is a derivativeof THYROPLAST® 2311 and is characterized by goodmachinability and polishability.In comparison to THYROPLAST®2311 it is quenched and tempered more easily whenthicker than 400 mm.

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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Hollow plastic bottles for the cosmetics branch …

.. and for the beverage industry

The percentage of plastic partsused in the construction of automobiles and other vehiclesis steadily rising. The size of therequired moulds is likewiseincreasing, to the extent that thesteel ingots now need to havecross sections up to 2 metresand can weigh up to 100 tons.The demands made on themoulds used to produce thepre-machined plastic mouldsare determined on the onehand by the large plastic productdimensions and on the other bythe required surface quality ofthe parts (e.g. bumpers,mudguards or bonnets) whichhave to be supplied ready-to-install.

The moulds used in the manufacturing of large plasticparts have to have goodmachinability and high dimensional stability to be able to guarantee distortion-minimized finishes.

Another client extra As a special service EdelstahlWitten-Krefeld offers its clientsthe pre-machining of largemoulds. The electronic transferof CAD data enables us to manufacture large moulds withvery short delivery times.

Plastic moulding oflarge moulds

High-performance steels for large moulds

The range of high-quality steelgrades for plastic mouldingdesigned for large moulds atEdelstahl Witten-Krefeld coversquenched and tempered steelgrades, which are characterizedby high hardenability andmachinability as well as byexcellent polishability and texturing properties. The product range consists of the following steel grades. Pleasesee the product table below for property comparisons.

THYROPLAST® 2311 is a quenched and tempered standard steel grade supplied at a hardness of 280 to 325 HB.The grade is produced withminimum sulphur content andis characterized by its goodmachinability, weldability andnitriding suitability. It is wearresistant and displays sufficiently high robustness.Quenching and tempering islimited to a thickness of around 400 mm.

THYROPLAST® 2312 is a pre-hardened plastic-mouldingsteel grade supplied at ahardness of 280 to 325 HB. Withan increased sulphur contentthis grade shows very goodmachinabilty and is well suitedfor nitriding. However polishability and texturing properties are limited.

THYROPLAST® 2711 is a toughquenched and tempered steelgrade for plastic moulding witha high degree of purity. Thisgrade is supplied at a hardnessof 355 to 400 HB (square, flat)and 370 to 410 HB (round).It has excellent texturing properties, is well suited to mirror polishing and can be hard chromium plated.It has a higher compressionstrength than THYROPLAST®2738. THYROPLAST® 2711 is preferential for plastic mouldswith increased demands oncompression strength and wearresistance.

THYROPLAST® 2738 is a quenched and tempered steelfor plastic moulding, is suppliedat a hardness of 280 to 325 HB,appropriate for texturing and is a derivative of THYROPLAST®2311. It exhibits high machinability and polishabilityand is more easily quenchedand tempered than THYROPLAST®2311. THYROPLAST® 2738 is usedfor large plastic moulds withdeep engraving where there is intensive impact on the core.

THYROPLAST® 2738 EHT PLUS isa pre-hardened steel for plasticmoulding, being supplied at ahardness of 310 to 355 HB. It isextremely easily textured andmachined as well as beingunproblematic when polishedand welded. In comparison to THYROPLAST® 2738 the quenching and tempering properties have been furtherimproved. THYROPLAST® 2738EHT PLUS is recommended fordies and moulds of very largedimensions for products such as bumpers, plastic containers,TV cases and dashboards.

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Pre-machined large mould

Following the two-piece construction principle, thesedies consist of a mould frameand respective mould inserts.Depending on the size of theplastic product to be manufactured, up to 192 mouldinserts (so-called cavities) canbe integrated into a singlemould frame.

Typical end products for thistechnology include screw capsfor beverage bottles and PETpreforms.

Mould frames High-performance steelsfor mould frames

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Mould frames. Photo: Erwes-ReifenbergMould frames. Photo: Erwes-Reifenberg

The range of high-quality steelgrades for mould frames atEdelstahl Witten-Krefeld includepre-hardened steel grades withexcellent machinability. Othergrades are available which arecorrosion resistant withparticularly low distortionwhereas other steels exhibitincreased compression strength.Please see the product table for property comparisons.

THYROPLAST® 2085 combinesexcellent corrosion resistancewith economical machinabilityfor sulphurized plastic mouldingsteels. This is why this quenchedand tempered steel grade isthe perfect fit for mould frames.THYROPLAST® 2085 is suppliedat a hardness of 280 to 325 HB.

THYROPLAST® 2312 is a pre-hardened steel grade for plasticmoulding supplied at a hardnessof 280 to 325 HB. This gradeshows very good machinabiltyand is well suited for nitriding.Texturing properties and polishability are restricted by itshigh sulphur content.

CorroPlast® is a low-carbonstainless steel which machinesmore easily than any otherstainless steel for plastic moulding known to date. SinceCorroPlast® is supplied at anapproximate hardness of 320 HB, this steel grade doesnot necessitate any additional heat treatment. Corroplast® is particularly suitable wherethere is a high corrosion potential. Further advantagesare exceptional toughness,particularly low stress andgood weldability.

The plastification, transport andcompression of the melted plastic necessitates an extrusionline.

The different elements of theextrusion line include cylinders,screws, screw tips, retainingvalve and other components.Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld suppliesa product range especially adapted to these needs,consisting of either distortion-minimized, quenched and tempered steel grades with ahigh wear resistance, or steelgrades which are to be hardenedat a later stage.

Moulds for plastic-extrusion lines High-performance steel grades for plastic extruders

As well as steel grades such asTHYROPLAST® 2891, which are supplied for normal applicationsand usually in a quenched andtempered condition, EdelstahlWitten-Krefeld produces otherhigh-performance steels thatmeet special demands. Theseinclude excellent wear resistance accompanied byexceptional toughness as wellas torsion resistance. All of thegrades listed meet these requirements. Please see theproduct table for propertycomparisons.

THYRODUR® 2990 is a newlydeveloped, ledeburitic cold-toolsteel with great hardness, goodtoughness and a high tempering strength. At thesame time it also exhibits veryhigh wear resistance. Its highcompression strength and resistance to abrasive andadhesive wear lend this specialsteel an ideal property profilefor use with pressure pads andplastic moulds.

THYROPLAST® 2891 is an aluminium-alloyed nitridingsteel specially designed forextruders. It is used for

plasticizing devices, screw cylinders and extruder screws.

THYROTHERM® 2343 EFS andTHYROTHERM® 2343 EFS SUPRAare the first choice when itcomes to torsion resistance and toughness. Surface-treatedscrews made of these high-performance steel grades are ideal even for the mostdemanding purposes.

Extruded plastic pipes

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Battenfeld Injection Molding GmbH, Kottingbrunn, Austria

Brand

THYROPLAST® 2083


THYROPLAST® 2085

THYROPLAST® 2162


THYROPLAST® 2311

THYROPLAST® 2312

THYROPLAST® 2316






THYROPLAST® 2361

THYRODUR® 2363

THYRODUR® 2379

THYRODUR® 2709

THYROPLAST® 2711

THYROPLAST® 2738

THYROPLAST® 2738 EHT PLUS

THYROPLAST® 2764

THYRODUR® 2767

THYRODUR® 2842

THYROPLAST® 2891

THYRODUR® 2990

THYROPLAST® PH X SUPRA

THYROPLAST® PH 42 SUPRA

CorroPlast®

THYRAPID® 3343

Reference numberDIN EN ISO 4957*

X40Cr14

X40Cr14

(X33CrS16)

21MnCr5

(X37Cr13)

(40CrMnMo7)

40CrMnNiMo8-6-4

X38CrMo16

X38CrMo16

X37CrMoV5-1

X37CrMoV5-1

X40CrMoV5-1

X40CrMoV5-1

(X91CrMoV18)

(X100CrMoV5-1)

X153CrMoV12

(X3NiCoMoTi18-9-5)

(55NiCrMoV7)

40CrMnNiMo8-6-4

(28MnCrNiMo6-5-4)

(X19NiCrMo4)

45NiCrMo16

90MnCrV8

(34CrAlNi7)

(X100CrMoV8-1-1)

(X5CrNiCuNb15-5)

(15NiCuAl12-10-10)

–

HS6-5-2C

Toughness

+

++

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

++

+++

++

++

+

+

o

+++

+

+

+

++

++

+

++

+

+++

++

++

+

Polishability

++

++

o

+++

+++

+

o

++

++

++

+++

+

++

+

+

o

+++

+

+

+

+++

++

++

o

+

++++

++++

+

o

Texturing properties

++

++

o

+++

++

++

o

++

++

++

++

++

++

o

+

o

+++

++

++

+++

+++

++

++

o

o

+++

+++

+

+

EWKMaterial Code

2083

2083

2085

2162

2190

2311

2312

2316

2316

2343

2343

2344

2344

2361

2363

2379

2709

2711

2738

2798

2764

2767

2842

2891

2990

2892

2796

2294

3343

AISI

420

420

~420 FM

~P2

420 mod

P20

P20 + S

420 mod

420 mod

H11

H11

H13

H13

–

A2

D2

18 MAR 300

P20HH

P20 + Ni

P20 mod

~P21

6F7

O2

–

–

–

–

–

M2

Wearresistance

++

++

+

++

++

+

+

+

+

++

++

++

++

+++

++

+++

++

+

+

+

++

++

++

+++

+++

+

+

+

+++

Corrosion resistance

++

++

++

+

++

+

+

++

++

+

+

+

+

+++

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

++++

+

++

+

Weldability

+

+

+

++

+

++

+

++

++

++

++

++

++

o

o

o

+++

++

++

++

++

++

o

o

o

++++

++++

++++

o

Machinability

++

++

+++

+++

++

++

+++

++

++

++

++

++

++

+

++

+

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++++

+

Nitridability

+

+

+

+

++

++

++

+

+

++

++

++

++

+++

+

+

++

++

++

++

–

–

–

+++

+

++

++

++

+

Steels for plastic mouldingand their properties

24 25

* for your convenience

Applications

THYR

OPL

AST®

2085

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Tempering temperature in °C

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e

Ac1b

A + K

MS

MHV 10

1 33

PK

585 566 585585 579 572 542 450 380 279

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Pre-hardened corrosion-resistant mould frame steel, hardness in as-delivered condition of 280 to 325 HB. Improved machinability in comparison to THYROPLAST® 2316.

Mould frames, components, plastic moulds.

Soft annealing °C Cooling Hardness HB850 – 880 Furnace max. 230

Hardening °C Quenching Hardness after quenching HRC1000 – 1050 Oil 48

C Cr S Ni0.33 16.0 0.050 0.50

Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 450 500 550 600HRC 48 48 47 46 47 47 36 30

Time-temperature-transformation diagram Tempering diagram

27

Chemical composition Typical analysis in %

Steel properties

Heat treatment

THYR

OPL

AST®

2083

/ 20

83 S

UPR

A

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e = 845 °C

Ac1b = 790 °C

A + C

MS

MHV 10

15 5 40P

K75

955

3535 25

672 657 456

579

244 220 193

F + C

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Corrosion resistant with good polishability. We recommend the use of vacuum-remelted THYROPLAST® 2083 for the highest demandson polishability.

Thermal conductivity W/(m • K) 100 °C 150 °C 200 °C 250 °C 300 °CAnnealed 28.4 28.6 28.8 29.2 29.6Quenched and tempered 22.5 23.1 23.5 24.4 25.7

Moulds for processing plastics with corrosive reactions.


Steel properties

Physical properties

Applications

Heat treatment

C Cr0.42 13.0

Coefficient of thermal expansion 10-6 m/(m • K) 20 – 100 °C 20 – 200 °C 20 – 300 °CAnnealed 11.1 11.4 11.8Quenched and tempered 11.1 11.5 11.6



Hardening °C Quenching Hardness after quenching HRC1000 – 1050 Oil or� saltbath, 500 – 550 °C 56

Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600HRC 56 55 52 51 52 40

26

THYR

OPL

AST®

2190

SU

PRA

29

ApplicationsTHYR

OPL

AST®

2162

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac3

Ac1

A

MS

M

HV 10

50

F

B87 80 65

6055

4515

10 25 3540

50P

4040 40 40 356560 6060

60 60

342405 302 274 253 238 212 187

171

160 182 162 153

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Case hardening steel, good polishability, suitable for cold hobbing.

Thermal conductivity W/(m • K) 20 °C 350 °C 700 °C39.5 36.5 33.5

Mirror-finished plastic moulds and guide pins.


Carburizing °C Intermediateannealing °C

Hardening °C Quenching Surface hardness after quenching HRC

870 – 900 620 – 650 810 – 840Oil or� saltbath,180 – 220 °C 62

Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600HRC 61 60 57 54 50 48

C Mn Cr0.21 1.3 1.2

Coefficient of thermal expansion 10-6 m/(m • K) 20 – 100 °C 20 – 200 °C 20 – 300 °C 20 – 400 °C 20 – 500 °C 20 – 600 °C 20 – 700 °C12.2 12.9 13.5 13.9 14.2 14.5 14.8


28


Steel properties

Physical properties

Heat treatment

Applications

Corrosion-resistant, very good polishability.


Coefficient of thermal expansion 10-6 m/(m • K) 20 – 200 °C 20 – 400 °C11.0 11.4

Moulds for processing corrosive plastics.


Hardening °C Quenching Surface hardness after quenching HRC1000 – 1050 Oil or� saltbath, 500 – 550 °C 56

Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600HRC 56 55 52 51 52 40

C Si Mn Cr V0.37 0.9 0.5 13.6 0.3


Steel properties

Physical properties

Heat treatment

Tempering diagram

Applications

THYR

OPL

AST®

2312

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

HV 10

Ac1e

Ac1bA + C

MS

M

100

3 20P

B

100

3

6045

95

681 673 673 642 642 572 572 442 274 236

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Pre-hardened plastic mould steel, hardness in as-delivered condition 280 to 325 HB. Improved machinability in comparison with THYROPLAST® 2311.

Plastic moulds, mould frames for plastic moulds and pressure casting moulds and recipient sleeves.


Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600 700HRC 51 50 48 46 42 36 28

C Mn Cr Mo S0.40 1.5 1.9 0.2 0.05




31


Steel properties

Physical properties

Heat treatment

Applications

THYR

OPL

AST®

2311

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e

Ac1bA + C

MS

M

HV 10

100

3 20P

B

100

3

6045

95

681 673 673 642 642 572 572 442 274 236

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Pre-hardened plastic mould steel, hardness in as-delivered condition 280 to 325 HB. Good machinability, suitable for texturing, better polishability than THYROPLAST® 2312.

Plastic moulds, mould frames for plastic moulds and pressure casting moulds and recipient sleeves.


Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600 700HRC 51 50 48 46 42 36 28

C Mn Cr Mo0.40 1.5 1.9 0.2




30


Steel properties

Physical properties

Heat treatment



THYR

OTH

ERM

®23

43 E

FS /

2343

EFS

SU

PRA

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e

Ac1b

A + C

MS

M

HV 10

5

B

F + C20 30

5

2

2

10 80 25

6065

95

698 690 681 649 665 642 483 276

665 813

446707

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

High hot-tensile strength and toughness. Good thermal conductivity and insusceptibility to hot cracking. Can be water-cooled to alimited extent.


Thermal conductivity W/(m • K) 20 °C 350 °C 700 °CAnnealed 29.8 30.0 33.4Quenched and tempered 26.8 27.3 30.3

Hot-work steel for universal use. Pressure casting moulds, metal extrusion tools for processing light metals, forging dies, moulds,screws and barrels for plastic processing, shrink rings and hot-shear blades.We recommend the use of THYROTHERM® 2343 EFS SUPRA (ESR) for the highest demands.


Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 525 550 600 700HRC 52 52 52 52 54 52 48 38 31

C Si Cr Mo V0.38 1.0 5.3 1.3 0.4


33

Steel properties

Applications


Physical properties

Heat treatment

Applications

THYR

OPL

AST®

2316

/ 23

16 S

UPR

A

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e

Ac1b

A + C

MS

M

HV 10

F + C

620 620 627 634 530 542 514

468

317

199

180 182

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Increased corrosion resistance in comparison to THYROPLAST® 2083, good polishability. Usually this steel grade is supplied in a quenched and tempered condition at a working hardness of approx. 300 HB.

Moulds for processing plastics with corrosive reactions.


C Cr Mo0.36 16.0 1.2


Coefficient of thermal expansion 10-6 m/(m • K) 20 – 100 °C 20 – 200 °C 20 – 300 °C 20 – 400 °C10.5 11.0 11.0 12.0


Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600HRC 49 47 46 46 47 32

32


Steel properties

Physical properties

Heat treatment


Hardening °C Quenching Hardness after quenching HRC1000 – 1030 Air, oil or� saltbath, 500 – 550 °C 54

THYR

OPL

AST®

2361

35

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


Corrosion-resistant steel for plastic moulding characterized by a very good wear resistance.

Plastic moulds, injection nozzles, valve components and ball bearings.

Soft annealing °C Cooling Hardness HB800 – 850 Slow, e.g. furnace max. 265

C Si Cr Mo V0.90 < 1.00 18.0 1.00 0.10

Tempering diagram


Steel properties

Physical properties

Applications

Heat treatment


Thermal conductivity W/(m • K) 20 °C29

Hardening °C Quenching Hardness after quenching HRC1000 – 1050 Oil 59

Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 550 600HRC 58 56 54 54 54 50 40

THYR

OTH

ERM

®23

44 E

FS /

2344

EFS

SU

PRA

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e

Ac1b

A + C

MS

M

HV 10

103055

B15

F+C320

100100

707 681 673 657 642 634 572 488

599

219

236

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

High hot-wear resistance, high hot-tensile strength and toughness. Good thermal conductivity and insusceptibility to hot cracking.Can be water-cooled to a limited extent.


Thermal conductivity W/(m • K) 20 °C 350 °C 700 °CAnnealed 27.2 30.5 33.4Quenched and tempered 25.5 27.6 30.3

Hot-work steel for universal use. Pressure casting moulds and metal extrusion tools for processing light metals, forging moulds,moulds, screws and barrels for plastic processing, nitrided ejectors and hot-shear blades.We recommend the use of THYROTHERM® 2344 EFS SUPRA (ESR) for the highest demands.


Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 525 550 600 700HRC 53 52 52 54 56 54 50 42 32

C Si Cr Mo V0.40 1.0 5.3 1.4 1.0


34


Steel properties

Physical properties

Applications

Heat treatment

Hardening °C Quenching Hardness after quenching HRC1020 – 1050 Air, oil or saltbath, 500 – 550 °C 54

Applications

THYR

ODU

R®23

79

12% ledeburitic chromium steel. Maximum wear resistance, sufficient toughness. Best cutting-edge endurance and resistance to tempering, can be nitrided after special heat treatment.



Thread rolling rolls and thread rolling dies, cold extrusion tools, cutting and stamping tools for sheet thicknesses up to 6 mm, precisioncutting tools up to 12 mm. Cold pilger mandrels, circular shear blades, deep-drawing tools, pressure pads and highly wear-resistantplastic moulds.



Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 525 550 600HRC 63 61 58 58 58 60 56 50


Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 525 550 600(three times) HRC 61 60 58 59 62 62 57 50

C Cr Mo V1.55 12.0 0.7 1.0


Steel properties

Physical properties

Heat treatment

Special heat treatment

37

Applications

THYR

ODU

R®23

63

High dimensional stability during heat treatment. High wear resistance and toughness.

Cutting tools, rolls, shear blades, cold pilger mandrels, cold stamping tools and moulds for processing plastics.


C Cr Mo V1.0 5.3 1.1 0.2


30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e

Ac1b

A + C

MS

MHV 10

3 305 P

B

15 100

1590

95

70

25882 870 870 870 847 606

724

542 442 254

376

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600HRC 63 62 59 57 59 52



36


Steel properties

Heat treatment

Physical properties

THYR

ODU

R®27

09

0

200

600

400

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

400 500 600 700

Rp0.2

Rm

Tens

ile s

tren

gth

Rm

and

0.2

yie

ld s

tres

s R

p0.

2 in

MP

a

Ageing temperature in °C

Low susceptibility to distortion, precipitation hardening, high yield point and tensile strength combined with good toughness.

Casings for cold extrusion tools, pressure casting moulds for light metals and plastic moulds of intricate design.

Ageing temperature: 490 °C 6 h (air)Attainable hardness: approx. 55 HRC

Solution annealing °C Cooling Hardness HB820 – 850 Water max. 340

C Mo Ni Co Ti≤ 0.03 5.0 18.0 10.0 1.0

Coefficient of thermal expansion 10-6 m/(m • K) 20 – 100 °C 20 – 200 °C 20 – 300 °C 20 – 400 °C 20 – 500 °C 20 – 600 °C10.3 11.0 11.2 11.5 11.8 11.6

Ageing diagram


39


Steel properties

Physical properties

Applications

Heat treatment

THYR

ODU

R®23

79

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e (0.4° /min)

Ac1b (0.4° /min)

A + C

MS

HV 10

530

100P

M

100 100

891 891 891 891 891 857 780 623 435 257 249 230

0.10 0.36 0.63 1.2 3.0 7.8 180/min 50/min 2.50/min 1.250/min 0.40/min

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Time in s

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e

Ac1b

A + C

MS

MHV 10

103 P 20

95100 100

782 772 772 782 772 724 592 297 272 245

488

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Time in s

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


Time-temperature-transformation diagram – hardening temperature: 1030 °C Tempering diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagram – hardening temperature: 1080 °C Tempering diagram

38

Applications THYR

OPL

AST®

2738

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e

Ac1b

A + C

MS

M

HV 10 631 572 563 539 440 380 378 306 224

P1 5

4099

B3

10 7094 93 59 1

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Pre-hardened plastic mould steel, hardness in as-delivered condition 280 to 325 HB. Good machinability, suitable for texturing,improved through-hardening in comparison to THYROPLAST® 2711, good polishability.


Large plastic moulds with deep engravings and intensive impacts on the core. THYROPLAST® 2738 is the logical developmentof THYROPLAST® 2311, a pre-hardened plastic mould steel for use in large moulds, which also have to display high core strength. The additional nickel content of 1 % increases the through-hardenability. THYROPLAST® 2738 ia a micro-alloyed, vacuum-degassed steelwith the following excellent features: good machinability, outstanding polishability, good texturing properties.


Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600 700HRC 51 50 48 46 42 39 28

C Mn Cr Ni Mo0.40 1.5 1.9 1.0 0.2



41


Steel properties

Physical properties

Heat treatment

ApplicationsTHYR

OPL

AST®

2711

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e (0.4 K/min)

A + C

MS

MHV 10

2 15 80P

B

Ac1b (0.4 K/min)100

5 4550

80 9885 20

2

5 2.5 1.25 0.4 K/min

795 815 766 766 715 613 430 366 354 323 257 232

200 mm Dmr.

98 Bainit in %

10050

20

0.10 0.38 1.1 2.2 3.1 6.2 s · 10-2

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Cooling curves for the core of round bars with50, 100 and 200 mm dia. on oil hardening

Pre-hardened plastic mould steel, hardness in as-delivered condition 355 to 400 HB (square, flat) and 370 to 410 HB (round). Increased compression strength in comparison to THYROPLAST® 2738, good polishability.

Coefficient of thermal expansion 10-6 m/(m • K) 20 – 100 °C 20 – 200 °C 20 – 300 °C 20 – 400 °C 20 – 500 °C11.8 12.7 13.3 14.0 14.3


Plastic moulds with increased demands on compression strength and wear resistance.


Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 450 500 550 600 650HRC 56 54 51 47 44 42 39 36 30

C Cr Ni Mo V0.55 1.1 1.7 0.5 0.1


40


Steel properties

Physical properties

Heat treatment

Hardening °C Quenching Hardness after quenching HRC830 – 870 Air or oil 57

Hardening °C Quenching Hardness after quenching HRC840 – 870 Polymer or oil 51

Applications

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Air

Oil

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac3 (0.4 K/min)

A

MS

M

HV 10

25 10

P

B

Ac1 (0.4 K/min)

RA =

F17 30 35

1 3 6 15 23

250 75

9095 96

95 91 84 75 53 40

8 1112

10 8

20 10 5

480 465 420 405 390 365 355

345

340 335 325 305 295

50%

90%

0.14 0.38 1.0 1.5 2.3 6.3

K/min

2.5 K/min1.25 K/min

0.4 K/min 0.2 K/min

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Time in s

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Case-hardening steel, high core strength, good polishability.


Highly stressed plastic moulds.


Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600After oil hardening HRC 62 60 58 56 52 49After air hardening HRC 56 55 53 51 48 45

C Cr Mo Ni0.19 1.3 0.2 4.1



Carburizing °C Intermediateannealing °C

Hardening °C Quenching Surface hardness after quenching HRC

860 – 890 600 – 630 780 – 810Oil or� saltbath,180 – 220 °C 62

800 – 830 Air 56

43


Steel properties

Physical properties

Heat treatment

Applications

THYR

OPL

AST®

2738

EH

T PL

US

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C



THYROPLAST® 2738 EHT PLUS is especially suitable for large-sized plastic injection and compression moulds with deep engravings andintensive impacts on the core. Examples are moulds for bumpers, tailgates, mudguards, spoilers, dashboards, TV cases .


Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600 700HRC 50 50 49 47 44 37 24

C Mn Cr Ni Mo0.28 1.5 1.3 1.0 +

Tempering diagram


42


Steel properties

Physical properties

Heat treatment

THYR

OPL

AST®

2764

Hardening °C Quenching Hardness after quenching HRC850 – 880 Polymer or oil 50

Quenched and tempered steel for plastic moulding supplied at a hardness of 310 to 355 HB. Good through-hardenability, polishablefor standard applications, weldable and appropriate for texturing.

THYR

ODU

R®28

42

Good cutting-edge endurance, high hardenability, dimensionally stable during heat treatment.


Tool steel for universal use, cutting and stamping tools for sheet metal up to 6 mm thickness, thread-cutting tools, drills, reamers,gauges, measuring tools, plastic moulds, shear blades, guide strips.


C Mn Cr V0.90 2.0 0.4 0.1



30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e (0.4 K/min)

A + C

MS

M

HV 10

23016

P

B

Ac1b (0.4 K/min)

95

100 100 100 100 100

20 4

45

785 780 780 330473

575

293 293 275 257 240RA = 15

0.16 0.4 0.65 1.4 1.6 2.5 6.5 20 K/min 2.5 K/min

5 K/min 1.25 K/min

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600HRC 63 60 56 50 42 38


45


Steel properties

Physical properties

Applications

Heat treatment

Applications

THYR

ODU

R®27

67

High hardenability and toughness, highly suitable for polishing, texturing and EDM machining.

Cutlery moulds, cutting tools for thick material, billet shear blades, drawing jaws, solid embossing and bending tools, plastic moulds,casings.


C Cr Mo Ni0.45 1.4 0.3 4.0

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e (0.4 K/min)

A + C (traces)

MS

M

HV 10

20P

B

Ac1b (0.4 K/min)

RA =

1 50 98 78

623 613 613 613 613 613 603

603

584 532 440 435

2.2 5.1 4.4

0.14 0.4 1.1 2.1 5.6 20 K/min 5 K/min 1.25 K/min

10 K/min 2.5 K/min 0.4 K/min 0.2 K/min

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in min

Time in h

Hardness

Time in s

Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 600HRC 56 54 50 46 42 38





44


Steel properties

Physical properties

Heat treatment

THYR

ODU

R®29

90

Newly developed ledeburitic cold-work steel with a high hardness, good toughness and high tempering strength. At the same timeexhibits high wear resistance.

RT 100 °C 150 °C 200 °C 300 °C 400 °C 500 °C24.0 25.9 26.8 27.1 27.4 27.2 26.8

Cutting tools and stamping moulds, precision blanking tools, thread rolling dies and circular shears, circular knives, circular shear blades, cold pilger rolling mandrels, pressure pads, plastic moulds, cold extruders, deep-drawing moulds, woodworking tools, cold rolls.


C Si Cr Mo V1.0 0.9 8.0 1.6 1.6

20 – 100 °C 20 – 150 °C 20 – 200 °C 20 – 250 °C 20 – 300 °C 20 – 350 °C 20 – 400 °C 20 – 450 °C 20 – 500 °C11.4 11.6 11.7 11.9 12.0 12.1 12.3 12.4 12.6

Hardening °C Quenching Hardness after quenching HRC10301) – 10802) Air, oil or� saltbath, 500 – 550 °C 62 – 64

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


Tempering diagram / Hardening 1030 °C Tempering diagram / Hardening 1080 °C

Coefficient of thermal expansion 10-6 m/(m • K)

Thermal conductivity W/(m • K)

Tempering °C 100 200 300 400 500 525 550 575 600HRC1) 62 59 57 58 60 60 59 55 46HRC2) 64 59 59 60 63 63 61 57 48

47


Steel properties

Physical properties

Applications

Heat treatment

THYR

OPL

AST®

2891

46

C Si Al Cr Mo Ni0.35 0.4 1.0 1.7 0.2 1.0


Mechanical properties at different treatment stages Quenched and tempered QT

Hardness at different treatment stages

Heat treatmentdiameter in mm Ø

Yield stress in MPa Rp0.2 min.

Tensile strengthin MPaRm

Elongation atfracture in %A min.

Reduction of area at fracture in %Z min.

Notched impactenergy (ISO-V) in JAv min.

16 – 40 680 900 – 1100 10 – 30> 40 – 100 650 850 – 1050 12 – 30> 100 – 160 600 800 – 1000 13 – 35> 160 – 250 600 800 – 1000 13 – 35

Soft-annealed HB Nitrided surface hardness HV1max. 248 approx. 950

Aluminium-alloyed nitriding steel for large cross sections, suitable for piston rods, extruders, cylinders.

Applications

Soft annealing °C Hardening °C Quenching Tempering °C Nitriding °C680 – 720 Furnace Polymer or oil 580 – 700 480 – 570

Heat treatment

Thermal expansion

Temperature °C -191 – +16 20 – 100 20 – 200 20 – 300 20 – 400 20 – 500Linear coefficient ofthermal expansion α 10-6K-1 9.1 11.1 12.1 12.9 13.5 13.9

Pre-treatment:Hardening:Heat treatment cross-section

920 °C, 30 min. (air)900 °C, 30 min. (oil)

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0200100 300 400 500 600 700

Tempering temperature in °C (duration 2 h)

Yie

ld p

oint

Rp

0.2:

Ten

sile

str

engt

h R

m in

MP

a

Rp0.2

Rm

Z

Av

A5

15 mm

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 Elo

ngat

ion

at fr

actu

re A

5: R

educ

tion

of a

rea

at fr

actu

re Z

in %

Not

ch im

pact

ene

rgy

Av

in J

(IS

O-V

)

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

566

534

442

383 358 348

351

333 293

240 219

233

315

40

40 5050

5050 50

50

P

F

52 30 60

80 90

958090 15

Ac3

Ac1

MS

A

543 505

B

HV 10Hardness

Tem

per

atur

e in

o C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h


THYR

OPL

AST®

PH X

SU

PRA

THYROPLAST® PH X SUPRA is a corrosion-resistant, precipitation-hardened steel with high strength. It shows excellent polishabilitydue to the applied remelting process. Compared to THYROPLAST® 2316, hardness in as-delivered condition and corrosion resistanceare improved.

THYROPLAST® PH X SUPRA is recommended for tools used in the processing of corrosive plastics. Further applications for componentsin aircraft and chemical industries.

THYROPLAST® PH X SUPRA usually is supplied in precipitation-hardened condition at a hardness of 40 HRC .

C Cr Ni Cu Nb0.05 15.0 4.5 3.5 +

Weight loss diagram Ageing diagram

Coefficient of thermal expansion 10-6 m/(m • K) 20 – 100 °C 20 – 200 °C 20 – 300 °C 20 – 400 °CSolution annealed and aged condition 10.7 10.8 11.2 16.6

Thermal conductivity W/(m • K) 20 °C 150 °C 300 °C 500 °C16.4 17.9 20.2 22.6

49


Steel properties

Physical properties

Applications

Heat treatment

THYR

APID

®33

43

Standard high-speed steel grade. High toughness and good cutting power owing to its well-balanced alloy composition. Thereforesuitable for a wide variety of applications.

*) It is recommended that a hardening temperature at the lower end of the range be selected for tools of complex geometry and cold-forming tools.


Plastic moulds with increased wear resistance, screws.

Soft annealing °C Cooling Hardness HB770 – 860 Furnace 240 – 300

C Cr Mo V W0.90 4.1 5.0 1.9 6.4

Hardening*) °C Quenching Tempering Hardness after quenching HRC 1190 – 1230 a) Saltbath, 550 °C

b) Oilc) Air

At least twice530 – 560

64 – 66

30

34

42

38

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

100 200 300 400 500 6000 700 800

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C


1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e

Ac1b

50%80%65

3134 36

53

Tem

per

atur

e in

° C

Time in s

Time in min

Time in h

= Hardness in HRC

Martensite stage

Austenitizing temperature 12100 C

Start of transformation

End of transformationPearlite stage

Start of transformation

50%Bainite stage

Start of carbide precipitation

Austenite+ Carbide+ Ledeburite

Isothermal time-temperature-transformation diagram Tempering diagram

48


Steel properties

Physical properties

Applications

Heat treatment

350 400 450 500 550 600 650Ageing temperature in°C

5%Acetic acid

5%Nitric acid

5%Hydrochloric acid

5%Sulphuric acid

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

44

42

40

38

36

34

32

30

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

THYROPLAST® 2316 THYROPLAST® PH X SUPRA

Wei

ght

loss

in g

/m2

Corr

oPla

st®

CorroPlast® is a new corrosion-resistant steel for plastic moulding, featuring extremely good machinability at a supplied hardness ofapprox. 320 HB. The reduced carbon content endows CorroPlast® with excellent welding properties.

Base plates, mould bases and plastic moulds with standard requirements on polishability, as well as being resistant to condensation andcooling water.

C Mn S Cr Additions0.05 1.30 0.15 12.50 +


Modulus of elasticity MPa 20 °C 150 °C 350 °C214600 208600 198000

Density kg/dm3 20 °C7.7

Coefficient of thermal expansion 10-6 m/(m • K) 20 – 100 °C 20 – 200 °C 20 – 300 °C 20 – 400 °C 20 – 500 °C10.0 10.6 11.0 11.3 11.6

Heat treatmentdiameter in mm Ø

Yield stress in MPaRp0.2 min.

Tensile strengthin MPaRm min.

Elongation atfracture in %A min.

Reduction of area at fracture in %Z min.

170 890 1100 13 42

51


Steel properties

Applications

Typical mechanical properties

Physical properties

THYR

OPL

AST®

PH 4

2SU

PRA

As-supplied hardness approx. 40 HRC (approx. 1250 MPA). Precipitation-hardened, remelted plastic mould steel with excellentpolishability and suitability for texturing. Good electrical discharge machinability, machinability and weldability, suitable for nitriding. Improved compression strength due to higher hardness compared to conventional plastic mould steels.

THYROPLAST® PH 42 SUPRA is suitable for all kinds of tools in plastic processing with high demands on strength, such as highly- stressed plastic injection moulds, compression moulds and hot-runner systems.

C Mn Ni Cu Al0.15 1.5 3.0 1.0 1.0

Coefficient of thermal expansion 10-6 m/(m • K) 20 – 100 °C 20 – 200 °C 20 – 300 °CSolution annealed and aged condition 11.3 12.6 15.5

Thermal conductivity W/(m • K) 20 °C31

Modulus of elasticity MPa 20 °C206000

THYROPLAST® PH 42 SUPRA is supplied in precipitation-hardened condition at a hardness approx. 40 HRC. No additional heattreatment is necessary. After repair welding an ageing at 520 °C/1 h is recommended.

Due to its well-balanced composition and its high homogeneity, THYROPLAST® PH42 SUPRA has a comparable machinability toTHYROPLAST® 2311 and 2738 even at a higher as-supplied hardness approx. 40 HRC. Compared to THYROPLAST® 2711, machinability is significantly improved at the same hardness level.

Comparison of machinability of conventional plastic mould steel THYROPLAST® 2711 with THYROPLAST® PH 42 SUPRA.

50


Steel properties

Physical properties

Applications

Heat treatment

Special Information

Machinability

THYROPLAST® 2711 THYROPLAST® PH 42 SUPRA

Mac

hina

bilit

y

40 HRC 40 HRC

Machinability of X33CrS16 and CorroPlast® in % (hardness 325 HB)

Roughing

Finishing milling

Grinding

Drilling

Thread cutting

X33CrS16 100%CorroPlast® 140%

CorroPlast® 135%

CorroPlast® 135%

CorroPlast® 150%

CorroPlast® 140%

X33CrS16 100%

X33CrS16 100%

X33CrS16 100%

X33CrS16 100%

53

Tensile strength

RmMPa

Brinell hardness

Ball indentation mmd HB

Vickers hardness

HV

Rockwell hardness

HRB HRC HR 30 N

785 3.97 233 245 – 21.3 42.5

800 3.92 238 250 99.5 22.2 43.4

820 3.89 242 255 – 23.1 44.2

835 3.86 247 260 (101) 24.0 45.0

850 3.82 252 265 – 24.8 45.7

865 3.78 257 270 (102) 25.6 46.4

880 3.75 261 275 – 26.4 47.2

900 3.72 266 280 (104) 27.1 47.8

915 3.69 271 285 – 27.8 48.4

930 3.66 276 290 (105) 28.5 49.0

950 3.63 280 295 – 29.2 49.7

965 3.60 285 300 – 29.8 50.2

995 3.54 295 310 – 31.0 51.3

1030 3.49 304 320 – 32.2 52.3

1060 3.43 314 330 – 33.3 53.6

1095 3.39 323 340 – 34.4 54.4

1125 3.34 333 350 – 35.5 55.4

1155 3.29 342 360 – 36.6 56.4

1190 3.25 352 370 – 37.7 57.4

1220 3.21 361 380 – 38.8 58.4

1255 3.17 371 390 – 39.8 59.3

1290 3.13 380 400 – 40.8 60.2

1320 3.09 390 410 – 41.8 61.1

1350 3.06 399 420 – 42.7 61.9

1385 3.02 409 430 – 43.6 62.7

1420 2.99 418 440 – 44.5 63.5

1455 2.95 428 450 – 45.3 64.3

1485 2.92 437 460 – 46.1 64.9

1520 2.89 447 470 – 46.9 65.7

1555 2.86 (456) 480 – 47.7 66.4

1595 2.83 (466) 490 – 48.4 67.1

1630 2.81 (475) 500 – 49.1 67.7

1665 2.78 (485) 510 – 49.8 68.3

52

Tensile strength

RmMPa

Brinell hardness


Vickers hardness

HV

Rockwell hardness

HRB HRC HR 30 N

255 6.63 76.0 80 – – –

270 6.45 80.7 85 41.0 – –

285 6.30 85.5 90 48.0 – –

305 6.16 90.2 95 52.0 – –

320 6.01 95.0 100 56.2 – –

335 5.90 99.8 105 – – –

350 5.75 105 110 62.3 – –

370 5.65 109 115 – – –

385 5.54 114 120 66.7 – –

400 5.43 119 125 – – –

415 5.33 124 130 71.2 – –

430 5.26 128 135 – – –

450 5.16 133 140 75.0 – –

465 5.08 138 145 – – –

480 4.99 143 150 78.7 – –

495 4.93 147 155 – – –

510 4.85 152 160 81.7 – –

530 4.79 156 165 – – –

545 4.71 162 170 85.0 – –

560 4.66 166 175 – – –

575 4.59 171 180 87.1 – –

595 4.53 176 185 – – –

610 4.47 181 190 89.5 – –

625 4.43 185 195 – – –

640 4.37 190 200 91.5 – –

660 4.32 195 205 92.5 – –

675 4.27 199 210 93.5 – –

690 4.22 204 215 94.0 – –

705 4.18 209 220 95.0 – –

720 4.13 214 225 96.0 – –

740 4.08 219 230 96.7 – –

755 4.05 223 235 – – –

770 4.01 228 240 98.1 20.3 41.7

Hardness comparison table

Tensile strength

RmMPa

Brinell hardness


Vickers hardness

HV

Rockwell hardness

HRB HRC HR 30 N

1700 2.75 (494) 520 – 50.5 69.0

1740 2.73 (504) 530 – 51.1 69.5

1775 2.70 (513) 540 – 51.7 70.0

1810 2.68 (523) 550 – 52.3 70.5

1845 2.66 (532) 560 – 53.0 71.2

1880 2.63 (542) 570 – 53.6 71.7

1920 2.60 (551) 580 – 54.1 72.1

1955 2.59 (561) 590 – 54.7 72.7

1995 2.57 (570) 600 – 55.2 73.2

2030 2.54 (580) 610 – 55.7 73.7

2070 2.52 (589) 620 – 56.3 74.2

2105 2.51 (599) 630 – 56.8 74.6

2145 2.49 (608) 640 – 57.3 75.1

2180 2.47 (618) 650 – 57.8 75.5

– – .– 660 – 58.3 75.9

– – .– 670 – 58.8 76.4

– – .– 680 – 59.2 76.8

– – .– 690 – 59.7 77.2

– – .– 700 – 60.1 77.6

– – .– 720 – 61.0 78.4

– – .– 740 – 61.8 79.1

– – .– 760 – 62.5 79.7

– – .– 780 – 63.3 80.4

– – .– 800 – 64.0 81.1

– – .– 820 – 64.7 81.7

– – .– 840 – 65.3 82.2

– – .– 860 – 65.9 82.7

– – .– 880 – 66.4 83.1

– – .– 900 – 67.0 83.6

– – .– 920 – 67.5 84.0

– – .– 940 – 68.0 84.4

54 55

Conversion of hardness values using this table are only approximate. See DIN 50 150, Dezember 1976.

Hardness comparison table

Process and process parameters

Brinell hardness1)

1) calculated from:HB = 0.95 . HV

(0.102 F/D2 = 30)D = 10

Diameter of ball indentation in mm

Hardness value =

d

HB

Vickers hardness Diamond pyramidTest forces ≥ 50 N

HV

Rockwell hardness Ball 1.588 mm (1/16“)Total test force = 98 N

Diamond coneTotal test force = 1471 N

Diamond coneTotal test force = 294 N

HRB

HRC

HR 30 N

0.102 . 2 Fπ D(D – √D2 – d2)

General note (liability)All statements regarding the properties or utilization of the materials or products mentioned are for the purposes of description only.Guarantees regarding the existence of certain properties or a certain utilization are only ever valid if agreed upon in writing.

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld


Edelstahl Witten-KrefeldContacts

Sales + Customer Services Plastic mould steelsTel. +49 2302 - 294 941Fax +49 2302 - 292 295e-mail [email protected]

Machining + ServiceTel. +49 2302 - 294 247 Fax +49 2302 - 294 163e-mail [email protected]

Auestraße 4 D-58452 Witten Tel. +49 2302 29-0 www.ewk-stahl.com

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