steel design proposal

8/9/2019 Steel Design Proposal

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Table ! "#$e#$%

CHA&TER ' ( &ROJECT BACKGROUND........................................................................1

'.' T)e &*+e"$................................................................................................... 1

'. &*+e"$ Ob+e"$e............................................................................................ 2

'./ Cle#$.......................................................................................................... 2

'.0 &*+e"$ S"1e a#2 L3$a$#%............................................................................2

'.0.' S"1e ! $)e &*+e"$...................................................................................2

'.0. L3$a$# ! $)e &*+e"$...............................................................................3

'.5 &*+e"$ Deel13e#$........................................................................................3

CHA&TER ( DESIGN IN&UTS...................................................................................4

.' De%"*1$# ! $)e S$*4"$4*e...............................................................................4

CHA&TER / CONSTRAINTS, TRADE-OFFS, CODES AND STANDARDS................................15

/.' De%6# C#%$*a#$%........................................................................................ 15

/. De%6# T*a2e-!!%..........................................................................................15

/./ C2e% a#2 S$a#2a*2%.....................................................................................18

CHA&TER 0 ( DESIGN OF A STRUCTURE....................................................................20

0.' Me$)2l67............................................................................................... 20

0. De%6# &*"e%% ! $)e S$*4"$4*e........................................................................20

0./ Ge#e*al De%6# &*"e%%..................................................................................21

0.0 S$*4"$4*al La2#6%....................................................................................... 25

0.0.' &*3a*7 La2#6%....................................................................................25

0.0. Se"#2a*7 La2#6%.................................................................................27

0.0./ La2 C3b#a$#................................................................................... 32

0.0.0 La2 T*a#%!e*......................................................................................... 34

0.5 M2el#6 ! La2%.........................................................................................36

0.8 9al2a$# ! T*a2e-!!%...................................................................................43

0.8.' F#al E%$3a$e ! T*a2e-!!%........................................................................44

0.: I#!l4e#"e ! M4l$1le C#%$*a#$%, T*a2e-!!%, a#2 S$a#2a*2% # $)e F#al De%6#...............47

0.:.' De%6#e*;% F#al C)"e............................................................................. 47

CHA&TER 5 ( FINAL DESIGN STRUCTURE...................................................................48

Re!e*e#"e%......................................................................................................... 53

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L%$ ! F64*e%

!igu"e 1#1$ Pe"specti%e &ie'

!igu"e 1#2$ Site (ocation!igu"e 1#)$ *esign P"oce+u"es fo" the P"oect

!igu"e 2#1$ !"ont -le%ation

!igu"e 2#2$ Rea" -le%ation

!igu"e 2#)$ (eft#Si+e+ -le%ation

!igu"e 2#$ Right#Si+e+ -le%ation

!igu"e 2#$ /"oun+ !loo" Plan

!igu"e 2#$ Secon+ !loo" Plan

!igu"e 2#$ Thi"+ !loo" Plan

!igu"e 2#$ !ou"th !loo" Plan

!igu"e 2#3$ !ifth !loo" Plan

!igu"e #1$ !lo'cha"t of *esign P"ocess

!igu"e #2$ Typical !loo" !"a4ing Plan

!igu"e #)$ Roof *ec5 !loo" !"a4ing Plan

!igu"e #$ Typical !loo" !"a4ing Plan

!igu"e #$ Roof *ec5 !loo" !"a4ing Plan

!igu"e #$ !"ont &ie' -le%ation

!igu"e #$ !"ont &ie' -le%ation

!igu"e #$ (eft#Si+e+ &ie' -le%ation

!igu"e #3$ (eft#Si+e+ &ie' -le%ation

!igu"e #10$ Right#Si+e+ &ie' -le%ation!igu"e #11$ Right#Si+e+ &ie' -le%ation

!igu"e #12$ Rea" &ie' -le%ation

!igu"e #1)$ Rea" &ie' -le%ation

!igu"e #1$ *ea+loa+ /eo4et"y 6o+el

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!igu"e #1$ (i%e (oa+ /eo4et"ic 6o+el

!igu"e #1$ 7in+'a"+ 7all /eo4et"ic 6o+el

!igu"e #1$ (ee'a"+ 7all /eo4et"ic 6o+el

!igu"e #1$ Si+e 7all /eo4et"ic 6o+el!igu"e #13$ Seis4ic 8nalysis along 9#*i"ection fo" /eo4et"ic 6o+el

!igu"e #20$ Seis4ic 8nalysis along :#*i"ection fo" /eo4et"ic 6o+el

!igu"e #21$ Sa4ple of (oa+ Co4bination *ist"ibution

!igu"e #22$ (oa+ T"ansfe" 'ithout Inte"4e+iate ;ea4

!igu"e #2)$ (oa+ T"ansfe" 'ith Inte"4e+iate ;ea4

!igu"e #2$ (oa+ *ist"ibution fo" Secon+ to !ifth !loo" < (i%e (oa+ 'ithout Inte"4e+iate ;ea4

!igu"e #2$ (oa+ *ist"ibution fo" Secon+ to !ifth !loo" < (i%e (oa+ 'ith Inte"4e+iate ;ea4

!igu"e #2$ 6a=i4u4 *eflection f"o4 Section *isplace4ent

!igu"e #2$ 6a=i4u4 6o4ent along 4o4ent # 9

!igu"e #2$ 6a=i4u4 8=ial fo"ce

!igu"e #23$ 6a=i4u4 *eflection f"o4 Section *isplace4ent

!igu"e #)0$ (oa+ 6o+eling fo" (oa+ Case

!igu"e #)1$ (oa+ 6o+eling fo" 7in+ 8nalysis

!igu"e #)2$ (oa+ 6o+eling fo" Seis4ic 8nalysis

!igu"e #))$ Cost *iffe"ence bet'een 'ith Inte"4e+iate ;ea4 an+ 'ith Inte"4e+iate

!igu"e #)$ 6an#hou" +iffe"ences bet'een 'ith Inte"4e+iate ;ea4 an+ 'ithout Inte"4e+iate

;ea4

!igu"e #1$ !inal *esign fo" Steel ;ea4

!igu"e #2$ !inal *esign fo" Steel Colu4n

!igu"e #)$ !inal *esign fo" 7el+e+ Connections

!igu"e #$ !inal *esign fo" ;ase Plate

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L%$% ! Table%

Table 2#1$ Roo4 *esc"iption 'ith Co""espon+ing 8"ea of the ;uil+ingTable )#1$ *esigne" Ra' Ran5ing

Table )#2$ Initial Cost -sti4ate fo" T"a+e#offs

Table )#)$ Initial 6an#>ou" -sti4ate fo" T"a+e#offs

Table #1$ *esign Specification fo" *ea+ (oa+

Table #2$ *esign Specification fo" (i%e (oa+

Table #)$ Specification fo" 7in+ (oa+

Table #$ Specification fo" Seis4ic 8nalysis

Table #$ (oa+ Cases

Table #$ *esigne"?s Ran5ing fo" !loo" !"a4ing

Table #$ *etaile+ Cost -sti4ate fo" T"a+e#offs

Table #$ *etaile+ 6an#>ou" -sti4ate fo" T"a+e#offs

Table #1$ !inal *esign Sche+ules fo" Steel Colu4ns

Table #2$ !inal *esign Sche+ules fo" Steel ;ea4s

Table #)$ !inal *esign Sche+ules fo" ;ase Plate

Table #$ !inal *esign Sche+ules fo" 7el+ing Connection

CHA&TER ' ( &ROJECT BACKGROUND

'.' T)e &*+e"$

The +esign p"oect is a p"opose+ #sto"ey p"i%ate ne' school buil+ing fo" ;a"ang5a -le4enta"y

School 'hich 'ill be e=pan+ing to a >igh School locate+ at /ene"al Julian C"uz St., 6a"i5ina City.

The ne' buil+ing 'ill p"o%i+e stu+ents 4o"e space fo" lea"ning an+ 'ill acco4pany inco4ing ne'population of ele4enta"y an+ high school stu+ents.

The p"opose+ ne' school buil+ing consists of a total of fo"ty @0A class"oo4s f"o4 g"oun+ to fifth

floo", 'ith a 4ale an+ fe4ale co4fo"t "oo4s pe" floo". It has fou" @A offices locate+ at g"oun+ to

fifth fou"th floo", a lib"a"y at fifth floo", th"ee @)A labo"ato"ies f"o4 secon+ to fou"th floo", an+ a

sto"age "oo4 at the fifth floo". It also has a 'i+e hall'ay that can acco4pany the nu4be" of

stu+ents in g"oups going to "especti%e "oo4s. It is a "ectangula"#shape+ buil+ing 'ith a footp"int

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+i4ension of 1.0 4 = ).0 4. The total floo" a"ea of the buil+ing is ),1 sB. 4. inclu+ing the

hall'ays. -ach le%el of the buil+ing has a floo" a"ea of 2 sB. 4. 8ll le%els ha%e height of ).0 4.

-ach le%el has hall'ay to p"o%i+e access to e=ist in case of fi"e an+ othe" e4e"gencies, both en+s

of hall'ay hea+s to stai"'ays.

The buil+ing is 4a+e up of steel f"a4ing syste4 fo" bea4s an+ colu4ns. It has one @1A ele%ato"that ope"ate f"o4 g"oun+ to fifth floo" locate+ at the cent"al pa"t of the st"uctu"e, hol+ing. Such

+etails of the +esign 'ill be co4pa"e+ using +esign t"a+e#off subecte+ to its const"aints.

!igu"e 1#1$ Pe"specti%e &ie'

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!igu"e 1#2$ Site (ocation

'. &*+e"$ Ob+e"$e

The p"oect ai4s the follo'ing$

To e%aluate the 4ultiple const"aints fo" the client togethe" 'ith the enginee"ing co+es an+

stan+a"+s, an+ consi+e"ation fo" t"a+e < offs that 'ill co4e up to the 4ost econo4ical

+esign.

To p"o%i+e the esti4ate+ cost fo" the st"uctu"al 'o"5s.

'./ Cle#$

The client of the +esign p"oect is the p"i%ate g"oup of *ai4le" /"oup Inc. hea+e+ by the p"esi+ent

Ru4ual+o Couangco.

'.0 &*+e"$ S"1e a#2 L3$a$#%

'.0.' S"1e ! $)e &*+e"$

The follo'ing fo" the +esigne+ p"oect is to p"o%i+e$

The +esign layout of the steel st"uctu"e is 4a+e by utilizing pe"tinent an+ "ele%ant

f"ee'a"e an+ soft'a"e applications @Staa+ &i, /oogle -a"th, 8utoC8* 201),

/oogle S5ecth#pA

The co4putation of cost esti4ate fo" bea4 an+ colu4n fo" a steel st"uctu"e

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Project Proposal

Consideration of Codes andStandards, Multiple Constraintsand rade!o"s

#esi$n Structure

%inal #esi$n &utput of t'e Project

'.0. L3$a$# ! $)e &*+e"$

The follo'ing 'e"e not inclu+e+ in the +esign p"oect$

*etaile+ acti%ities fo" const"uction 4anage4ent

*etaile+ cost esti4ates of plu4bing, 4echanical, a"chitectu"al an+ elect"ical+esign fo" the facilities of the +esigne+ st"uctu"e

*etaile+ co4putation fo" conc"ete +esign fo" slab, footing an+ the stai" loa+

St"uctu"al +esigne+ fo" i4pact loa+ li5e ele%ato".

'.5 &*+e"$ Deel13e#$

To begin the +esigne+ p"oect of a #sto"ey ne' school buil+ing, !igu"e 1#) sho's the step#by#step

p"oce+u"e on ho' to +ete"4ine the "eBui"e+ +ata an+ info"4ation nee+e+. This info"4ation 'as

acBui"e+ f"o4 i+entifie+ sou"ces. Consi+e"ation the enginee"ing co+es an+ stan+a"+s, const"aints

an+ t"a+e#offs a"e consi+e"e+ to +ete"4ine the 4ost effecti%e 'ay that shoul+ be use+ on the

+esign p"oect.

!igu"e 1#)$ *esign P"oce+u"es fo" the P"oect

8

)

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CHA&TER ( DESIGN IN&UTS

.' De%"*1$# ! $)e S$*4"$4*e

The st"uctu"e is 4a+e of steel to co4p"ise the "eBui"e+ +esi"e of the client. The st"uctu"e is built insy44et"ical fo"4 'he"e it has t'o @2A access stai"s locate+ at the si+e of the buil+ing an+ one @1A

ele%ato" at the cente" of the buil+ing. Table 2#1 +iscusses the classification of the "oo4 'ith

co""espon+ing a"ea f"o4 the g"oun+ to fifth floo". The +esign c"ite"ia is follo'e+ by the "eBui"e4ent

fo" the *epa"t4ent of -+ucation @*ep-+A. !igu"es 2#1 to 2#3 sho's the f"ont, "ea", "ight an+ left

si+e+ ele%ations an+ floo" plans of the st"uctu"e that applie+ f"o4 the +esign.

Table 2#1 Roo4 *esc"iption 'ith Co""espon+ing 8"ea of the ;uil+ing

R3 De%"*1$# T$al A*ea Fl* l"a$#

Cla%%*3%

D3e#%#%

8..3.

sB. 4.Secon+ !loo" an+

Thi"+ !loo"

Lb*a*7

D3e#%#%

0.


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A*ea / %>.3.

Lab*a$*e%

D3e#%#%

0.


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floo" f"a4ing to +ete"4ine cheapest an+ beco4e the potential sa%ings in the bu+get of the

+esign.

2. Const"uctability @*u"ationA$ Ti4e is %e"y i4po"tant to cont"ibute g"eatly on a p"oect

const"uction consi+e"ing the 4eans an+ its "esou"ces a%ailable. -a"ly ti4e to finish a

p"oect const"uction coul+ help alle%iate e=penses fo" labo" an+ its 4ate"ials. The +esigne"'ill also consi+e" the st"uctu"e to Bualify the enginee"ing co+es an+ stan+a"+s in spite of

the fast phase acti%ities being 4a+e +u"ing const"uction.

/. De%6# T*a2e-!!%

*esign t"a+e#off st"ategies a"e al'ays p"esent in a +esign p"ocess. (et us use the 'o"+

Dconse"%ati%eE +esign st"ategy to +esc"ibe a +esign st"ategy in t"a+ing off to i4p"o%e the lo'e"

pe"fo"4ing goals. The +esign o%e"all p"efe"ence 'ill be base+ on the lo'est one but goo+ in

Buality.

Fn the othe" han+, the +esigne" 4ay 'ish to slightly lessen the so4e 'ea5e" goals in a +esign if

la"ge gains can be 4a+e in othe" goals 'hich 'oul+ 4o"e than co4pensate fo" the slight cost.

T"a+e#offs is nee+e+ to ha%e options on 'hich to use o" 'hich is 4o"e con%enient. It is usually

affecte+ by costs an+ potential bias of sa4ple +esign. ;y ha%ing t"a+e#offs, the +esigne" can

p"ope"ly "ate 'hich is 4o"e effecti%e an+ "e4o%e hisGhe" p"efe"ences.

To ha%e a p"ope" +esign, the +esigne" nee+ to follo' typical "eBui"e4ents fo" selecting a sa4ple.

This inclu+es$

6ini4ize o%e"all e""o". The use of con%entional p"oce+u"es fo" co4putation to +eli%e" the

4ini4u4 e""o".

6atch the case +ist"ibution. This is nee+e+ in o"+e" to be e=act on its +esign. The +esign is

al"ea+y a "ough esti4ate so o%e"#esti4ating o" un+e"#esti4ating, it 'ill ha%e a 4ao" gap in

"esult.

Pe"4it analysis using special soft'a"e. It is con%entional to use the soft'a"e to help in the

co4putation nee+e+ by the +esign.

The"e a"e t'o alte"nati%e patte"ns in o"+e" to acco4plish the best +esign an+ 4itigate futu"e

p"obable conflicts. The +esigne"s use+ a "an5ing co4pa"ison to +ete"4ine the accu"ate to use. The

'eight of each c"ite"ion is base+ on the assess4ent of Ftto an+ 8n+e"son in 1331, 'hich in+icatesze"o @0A as least i4po"tant an+ fi%e @A as highly necessa"y pa"a4ete" fo" the +esign of the p"oect

@Ftto H 8ntonsson, 1331A.

Co4putation of "an5ing fo" ability to satisfy c"ite"ion of 4ate"ials$

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+iffe"ence (Higher Value Lower Value)

(Higher Value)

-Buation )#1

Subo"+inate Ran5 /o%e"ning Ran5 < @ +iffe"enceA = 10 -Buation )#2

-Buation )#2 is a subo"+inate "an5 'hich co""espon+s to its pe"centage +istance f"o4 the

go%e"ning "an5 along the "an5ing scale. The go%e"ning "an5 is a pe"sonal choice of the +esigne"

'hich assign the %alue fo" the c"ite"ion?s i4po"tance an+ the ability to satisfy the c"ite"ion. It

+epen+s on the initial esti4ate on the +ecision c"ite"ia 'hich the +esigne" can initially select.

In Table )#1, the +esigne" "an5e+ the +esign consi+e"ations an+ const"aints as an initial esti4ate to

help the4 %isualize the possible outco4e. Ra' "an5ing is to be use+ to assigne+ the +esign

4etho+ology?s ability an+ satisfy the c"ite"ion @on a scale f"o4 # to , 'ith the highest ability to

satisfy the c"ite"ionA 'as li5e'ise tabulate+. The +esigne" set the c"ite"ions i4po"tant fo" econo4ic

const"aints @costA as fi%e @A since the cost fo" the +esign is 4uch obse"%e+. !o" const"uctability@+u"ationA, it is "an5 as fou" @A because of its ea"ly co4pletion of the p"oect.

8fte" consi+e"ing the const"aints an+ the consi+e"ation fo" the p"opose+ +esign, the initial esti4ate

of the t"a+e#offs 'e"e 4a+e by the +esigne" to help then to %isualize the possible "esult.

Table )#1 *esigne" Ra' Ran5ings

De"%# C*$e*aC*$e*#;%

I31*$a#"e@on a scaleof 0 to A

Abl$7 $ %a$%!7 $)e "*$e*#@on a scale f"o4 # to A

W$) I#$e*3e2a$e

Bea3W$)4$ I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3

'. E"#3" @C%$ ).)1 1.)3

. C#%$*4"$abl$7 @D4*a$# 2.22 2.1

Oe*-all Ra# 2.3 13.0

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Sou"ce$ Ftto, K. L. an+ 8ntonsson, -. K., @1331A. T"a+e#off st"ategies in enginee"ing +esign.

Research in Engineering Design, volume 3, number 2, pages 87-104.Ret"ie%e+ f"o4

http$GG'''.+esign.caltech.e+uGResea"chGPublicationsG30e.p+f

The follo'ing tables sho's the su44a"y of the 4ate"ial cost esti4ates fo" both t"a+e#offs$

Table )#2 Initial Cost -sti4ate fo" T"a+e#offs

STRUCTURAL STEEL COST ESTIMATE

W$) I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3 Php ,22,.00

W$)4$ I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3 Php 10,21,2.00

Source h!!p""manu#ac!urer.ec21.com"s!eel$%$beam&column$price.h!ml

Co4putation fo" econo4ic "an5$

Difference=Php (10,216,245 )Php(8,822,645 )

Php(10,216,245) x10=1.6359

Subordinaterank=51.6359=3.3641

Table )#) Initial 6an#hou" esti4ate fo" T"a+e#offs

STRUCTURAL STEEL MAN-HOUR ESTIMATE

W$) I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3 Php 230.1W$)4$ I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3 Php 22).3

Source 'echnical (alcula!ion an) Es!ima!or*s +an-our +anual b +aro /ulic

Co4putation fo" const"uctability "an5$

Difference=Php (2907.561 )Php(2243.895)

Php(2907.561) x10=2.2826

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Table )#2 sho's the initial cost esti4ates an+ Table )#) sho's the initial 4an#hou" esti4ate fo"

both t"a+e#offs$ 'ithout inte"4e+iate bea4 an+ 'ith inte"4e+iate bea4. To satisfy the "a'

+esigne"?s "an5ing, the initial co4putation fo" cost#esti4ate is attache+ in 8ppen+i= 8 an+ fo" 4an#

hou" esti4ate is attache+ in 8ppen+i= ;.

/./ C2e% a#2 S$a#2a*2%

In lieu 'ith the +esign of the st"uctu"e fo" the school, the *epa"t4ent of -+ucation @*ep-+A

e+ucational facilities 4anual 'as use+. !o" the co+es an+ stan+a"+s fo" steel, see 8ppen+i= (. In

connection to this, the follo'ing stan+a"+s state+ he"eafte" a"e patte"ne+ in the +esign 4anual fo"

school$

-%e"y co""i+o" shall not be less than 1.10 4ete"s 'i+e an+ shall be unobst"ucte+. 8bo%eg"oun+ le%el, the 4ini4u4 clea" 'i+th is 2 4ete"s p"o%i+e+ that the p"o%isions of theLational ;uil+ing an+ !i"e Co+es of the Philippines an+ othe" "ele%ant "ules an+"egulations a"e obse"%e+.

7in+o' openings shall be eBual to o" at least ten @10A pe"cent of the floo" a"ea of the

"oo4, p"o%i+e+ that such opening shall be not less than one sBua"e 4ete", e=cept those intoilets an+ baths 'hich shall be not less than one#t'entieth of the floo" a"ea of such "oo4s,o" not less than 20 sBua"e 4illi4ete"s.

The ceiling height of "oo4s 'ith natu"al %entilation shall be not less than 2.0 4ete"s

4easu"e+ f"o4 the floo" to the ceilingM "oo4s p"o%i+e+ 'ith a"tificial %entilation shall ha%eceiling heights not less than 2.0 4ete"s.

8ll floo"s shall be so f"a4e+ an+ secu"e+ into the f"a4e'o"5 an+ suppo"ting 'alls so as to

fo"4 an integ"al pa"t of the 'hole buil+ingM the type of floo" const"uction use+ shall p"o%i+e4eans to 5eep the bea4 an+ gi"+e"s f"o4 late"al buc5ling.

8t least t'o @2A e=it +oo"s a"e "eBui"e+ 'he"e the nu4be" of "oo4 occupants is o%e" 0 in

the case of class"oo4s, confe"ence "oo4s, e=hibit "oo4s, gy4nasia, school shops,%ocational institutions, labo"ato"ies, an+ au+ito"iu4M a +oo" shall not be less than 2.104ete"s high an+ 300 4illi4ete"s 'i+e.

*oo" shutte"s shall be s'ing out an+ be capable of opening at least 30 +eg"ees so that the

clea" 'i+th of the e=it 'ay is not less than 00 4illi4ete"s. Lo +oo" shutte" shall e=cee+1.20 4ete"s in 'i+th.

Stai"'ays se"%ing an occupant loa+ of 0 o" less 4ust be 1.10 4ete"s 'i+eM those se"%ing4o"e than 0 shall not be less than 1.0 4ete"s. The "ise of e%e"y step shall not e=cee+200 4illi4ete"s an+ the t"ea+ shall not be less than 20 4illi4ete"s. >an+"ails shall bep"o%i+e+ on each si+e of e%e"y stai"'ay ha%ing 4o"e than fou" steps.

CHA&TER 0 ( DESIGN OF A STRUCTURE

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0.' Me$)2l67

Steel st"uctu"e is to be +esigne+ in acco"+ance 'ith the Co+es an+ Stan+a"+s gi%en by the

*epa"t4ent of -+ucation @*ep-+A an+ the Lational ;uil+ing Co+e of the Philippines &olu4e 1 an+

10. 7ith the help of the "efe"ences an+ +iffe"ent gui+elines specifie+ by the client, the +esignp"ocess 'ill be +e%elope+. The +esign st"uctu"e fo" the co+es an+ stan+a"+s that 'e"e use+ in the

+esign p"ocess a"e +iscusse+ on the p"e%ious chapte".

0. De%6# &*"e%% ! $)e S$*4"$4*e

!igu"e #1 +esc"ibes the p"ocess of acti%ities fo" the +esigne". The +esign p"ocess 'ill be sta"t 'ith

the planning stage an+ then getting all the +ata an+ assu4ptions that the +esign p"oect 4ay nee+.

15

*esigning a

Steel St"uctu"e

*esign

8ssu4ption

Consi+e"ation

of Co+es an+

/athe"ing of

*ata

Scope an+ (i4itation

of the P"o ect

(ayout of the

*esign Plan

T"a+e Fffs

Co4putation of

the *esign

*esigne"?s Ran5ing

Rate fo" T"a+e Fffs

!igu"e #1$ !lo'cha"t of *esign

P"ocess !inal *etaile+

*esign St"uctu"e


16/49

Fnce the +esigne" co4pute+ the +ata nee+e+ by the st"uctu"e using enginee"ing soft'a"e li5e

ST88* an+ -=cel, the +esigne" 'ill choose the t"a+e


17/49

!igu"e #) Roof *ec5 !loo" !"a4ing Plan

W$) I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3

!igu"e # Typical !loo" !"a4ing Plan

17


18/49

!igu"e # Roof *ec5 !loo" !"a4ing Plan

Ge3e$*" M2el#6 ! $)e ?)le %$*4"$4*e 4%#6 STAAD&* 9='

WITHOUT INTERMEDIATE BEAM WITH INTERMEDIATE BEAM

Front View Elevation

!igu"e # !igu"e #

Left-Side View Elevation

18


19/49

!igu"e # !igu"e #3

Right-Side View Elevation

!igu"e #10 !igu"e #11

Rear View Elevation

1(


20/49

!igu"e #12 !igu"e #1)

0.0 S$*4"$4*al La2#6%

(oa+s a"e e=te"nal fo"ces acting on a st"uctu"e. St"esses a"e the inte"nal fo"ces that "esist the

loa+s. The follo'ing a"e the loa+s fo"ces an+ st"esses to be consi+e"e+ in +esigning the st"uctu"es

of buil+ing.

0.0.' &*3a*7 La2#6%

Table #1 an+ #2 in+icates the co""espon+ing loa+ings @*ea+ loa+ an+ (i%e loa+A to be use+ fo"

the p"opose+ steel buil+ing. It specifies the su44a"y of loa+ings fo" type occupancy to beconsi+e"e+ in the +esign f"o4 LSCP th-+ition @2010A. !igu"e #12 an+ #1) sho's the geo4et"ic

4o+eling of its co""espon+ing loa+ings. *etaile+ specification fo" loa+ings is attache+ in the

8ppen+i= C.

Table #1 *esign Specification fo" *ea+ (oa+

DEAD LOADS

F* G*4#2 $ F4*$) Fl*

C>; 7all @plaste" on both si+esA 2.)0 5Pa

Ce"a4ic !inish @conc"ete fillA 1.) 5Pa

Ceiling !ibe" ;oa"+ @all a"easA 0.0 5Pa

Plu4bing an+ -lect"ical (ayout 1.00 5Pa

6etal (ath /ypsu4 Plaste" 1.00 5Pa

8coustical !ibe" ;oa"+ 0.0 5Pa

20


21/49

Conc"ete !ill !inish 0.21 5Pa

Pa"tition (oa+s 1.00 5Pa

7eight of Slab ).) 5Pa

T$al Dea2 La2 '; 7all @plaste" on both si+esA 2.)0 5Pa

Plu4bing an+ -lect"ical (ayout 1.00 5Pa

Conc"ete !ill !inish 0.21 5Pa

7eight of Slab ).) 5Pa

T$al Dea2 La2 :.


22/49

Table #2 *esign Specification fo" (i%e (oa+

LI9E LOADS

Secon+ to !ifth !loo" Fffices 2. 5Pa

Co""i+o" abo%e /"oun+ !loo" ).0 5Pa

Sto"age 5Pa

T$al Le La2 '.< &a

!igu"e #1 (i%e (oa+ /eo4et"ic 6o+el

22


23/49

0.0. Se"#2a*7 La2#6%

To help achie%e the +esi"e+ le%el of "eliability of a +esigne+ st"uctu"e, these loa+ings @7in+ loa+s

an+ Seis4ic (oa+sA a"e loa+s that act as a "esult of 'eathe", topog"aphy an+ othe" pheno4ena.

0.0..' W#2 La2

Co4puting 'in+ loa+ is essential fo" p"e%enting 'in+ +a4age on st"uctu"es. Table #) liste+ the

specification nee+e+ to be consi+e"e+ in the +esign f"o4 LSCP th-+ition @2010A. !igu"e < 1 to

< 1 sho's the loa+ings along 'in+'a"+, lee'a"+ an+ si+e in the +esign st"uctu"e. *etaile+

specification an+ co4putation fo" 'in+ loa+ings is attache+ in the 8ppen+i= *.

Table #) Specification fo" 7in+ (oa+

WIND LOADS

De%"*1$# 9al4e

Site (ocation /ene"al Julian C"uz St., 6a"i5ina City

9one (ocation 9one 2

-=posu"e Catego"y ; @Case 1A

I4po"tance !acto" 1

7in+ *i"ectionality !acto" 1

Topog"aphic !acto" 1

Fccupancy I4po"tance Stan+a"+ Fccupancy

-nclosu"e Pa"tially -nclose+ ;uil+ing

-=te"nal P"essu"e Coefficient

fo" 'in+'a"+ 'all 0.

fo" lee'a"+ 'all #0.2

fo" si+e 'all #0.

23


24/49

!igu"e #1 7in+'a"+ 7all /eo4et"ic 6o+el

!igu"e #1(ee'a"+ 7all /eo4et"ic 6o+el

24


25/49

!igu"e #1 Si+e 7all /eo4et"ic 6o+el

0.0.. Se%3" La2

7hen +esigning a p"opose+ buil+ing in a location 'ith high seis4ic acti%ity, it is c"itical to ha%e a

fi"4 un+e"stan+ing of the seis4ic "eBui"e4ents of the access floo" an+ un+e"st"uctu"e f"o4 the

onset to a%oi+ "e#planning o" "einstallation of an app"op"iate syste4 to cate" fo" those nee+s. Table

# liste+ the specification nee+e+ to be consi+e"e+ fo" seis4ic analysis in the +esign f"o4 LSCP

th-+ition @2010A. !igu"e < 1 an+ < 1 sho's the +i"ection of the seis4ic in the +esign

st"uctu"e. *etaile+ specification an+ co4putation fo" 'in+ loa+ings is attache+ in the 8ppen+i= -.

Table # Specification fo" Seis4ic 8nalysis

S-IS6IC 8L8(NSIS

De%"*1$# 9al4e

Seis4ic 9one !acto", 9 0.

Reinfo"ce+ Conc"ete 6o4ent#

Resisting !"a4e

0.0)

Seis4ic Coefficient, Ca 0.L

a

Seis4ic Coefficient, C% 0.L%

Lea" Sou"ce !acto", La 1.2Lea" Sou"ce !acto", L% 1.

Seis4ic I4po"tance !acto", I 1

-a"thBua5e#!o"ce#Resisting

St"uctu"al Syste4 of Steel

>eight abo%e /"oun+ (e%el 1 4

25


26/49

.

!igu"e #13 Seis4ic 8nalysis along 9#*i"ection fo" /eo4et"ic 6o+el

26


27/49

!igu"e #20 Seis4ic 8nalysis along :#*i"ection fo" /eo4et"ic 6o+el

0.0./ La2 C3b#a$#

Co4bining loa+ patte"ns 'ithin loa+ cases fo" +esigning a buil+ing is use+ to en%elopes the

analysis "esults of ce"tain loa+ cases. These "esults inclu+e +isplace4ents an+ fo"ces at oint

locations, an+ inte"nal 4e4be" fo"ces an+ st"esses. The"e a"e loa+ co4bination fo" a p"opose+

buil+ing. These inclu+e the +ea+ loa+, li%e loa+, seis4ic loa+ an+ 'in+ loa+. Table # sho's the

loa+ co4bination use+ fo" a p"opose+ buil+ing. 8lte"nate li%e loa+ is consi+e"e+ to "e+uce in

acco"+ance 'ith the p"o%ision in the co+e. !igu"e #13 sho's the sa4ple of the loa+ co4bination

+ist"ibution using ST88*.

Table # (oa+ Cases

LOAD COMBINATION

LOAD NO. DESCRI&TION

1 *(

2 *( O ((

) *( O (( @8lte"nate 1A

*( O (( @8lte"nate 2A

*( O (( @8lte"nate )A

*( O (( @8lte"nate A

*( O (( @8lte"nate A

*( O 7( @7in+'a"+A

3 *( O 7( @(ee'a"+A

10 *( O 7( @Si+eA

11 *( O 0.1)-( @along =#+i"ectionA

12 *( O 0.1)-( @along z#+i"ectionA

27


28/49

1) 0.3*( O 0.1)-( @along =#+i"ectionA

1 0.3*( O 0.1)-( @along z#+i"ectionA

1 0.3*( # 0.1)-( @along =#+i"ectionA

1 0.3*( # 0.1)-( @along z#+i"ectionA

1 *( O 0.(( O 7( @7in+'a"+A

1 *( O 0.(( O 7( @(ee'a"+A

13 *( O 0.(( O 7( @Si+eA

20 *( O 0.(( O 0.1)-( @along =#+i"ectionA

21 *( O 0.(( O 0.1)-( @along y#+i"ectionA

28


29/49

!igu"e #21 Sa4ple of (oa+ Co4bination *ist"ibution

0.0.0 La2 T*a#%!e*

8ll loa+s of the bea4, if it is +ea+ loa+ o" li%e loa+, t"ansfe""e+ to the colu4ns o" 'alls inclu+ing its

self#'eight of the bea4 in all cases. !igu"e #20 an+ #21 sho's the +ist"ibution of loa+ t"ansfe"

use+ fo" st"uctu"al loa+ings.

or i!hou! n!erme)ia!e /eam

2(


30/49

!igu"e #22 (oa+ T"ansfe" 'ithout Inte"4e+iate ;ea4

or i!h n!erme)ia!e /eam

!igu"e #2) (oa+ T"ansfe" 'ith Inte"4e+iate ;ea4

0.0.0.' La2 D%$*b4$# !* Le La2

Since the st"uctu"e is 4a+e of steel, then !igu"e #22 an+ #2) sho's the one#'ay +ist"ibution fo"

slab.

or i!hou! n!erme)ia!e /eam

30


31/49

!igu"e #2 (oa+ *ist"ibution fo" Secon+ to !ifth !loo" < (i%e (oa+ 'ithout Inte"4e+iate ;ea4

or i!h n!erme)ia!e /eam

!igu"e #2 (oa+ *ist"ibution fo" Secon+ to !ifth !loo" < (i%e (oa+ 'ith Inte"4e+iate ;ea4

0.5 M2el#6 ! La2%

sing ST88* the t'o t"a+e#offs fo" floo" f"a4ing$ 'ith inte"4e+iate bea4 an+ 'ithout inte"4e+iate

bea4 ha+ co4e up the "esult fo" the 4a=i4u4 4o4ent, 4a=i4u4 shea" an+ 4a=i4u4 +eflection.

!igu"e #2 to #23 in+icates the "esults that establish f"o4 ST88*. 8lso, !igu"e #)0 to #)2

31


32/49

sho's the 4o+el of the st"uctu"e 'hich in+icate the loa+ co4bination use+ in the analysis of the

st"uctu"e. *etaile+ co4putation fo" bea4s an+ colu4ns a"e attache+ in the 8ppen+i= ! an+ /.

7ithout Inte"4e+iate ;ea4$

!igu"e #2 6a=i4u4 6o4ent along 6o4ent#9

32


33/49

!igu"e #2 6a=i4u4 8=ial !o"ce

!igu"e #2 6a=i4u4 *eflection f"o4 Section *isplace4ent

7ith Inte"4e+iate ;ea4$

33


34/49

!igu"e #2 6a=i4u4 6o4ent along 6o4ent#9

!igu"e #2 6a=i4u4 8=ial !o"ce

34


35/49

!igu"e #23 6a=i4u4 *eflection f"o4 Section *isplace4ent

35


36/49

!igu"e #)0 (oa+ 6o+eling fo" (oa+ Case

36


37/49

!igu"e #)1 (oa+ 6o+eling fo" 7in+ 8nalysis

37


38/49

!igu"e #)2 (oa+ 6o+eling fo" Seis4ic 8nalysis

0.8 9al2a$# ! T*a2e-!!%

P"o%i+ing the initial "an5ing p"esente+ in Chapte" ), this section 4a+e a sche4e to select the best

pe"fo"4ance fo" steel st"uctu"e 'hich if it is "eBui"e+ to ha%e an inte"4e+iate bea4 o" not. The t'o

+esign t"a+e#offs a"e +esigne+ in acco"+ance 'ith enginee"ing co+es an+ stan+a"+s an+ in

consi+e"ation of +esign const"aints such as econo4ic an+ const"uctability. 7hile e%aluating

th"ough the +esign const"aints an+ final +esign, the +esigne" ca4e up 'ith the final +esign "an5ing.

To gathe" the co4pletion fo" the st"uctu"al +esign fo" the 'hole st"uctu"e inclu+ing the a+eBuate of

the bea4s an+ colu4ns, the +esigne" co4e up into %ali+ating the esti4ates fo" both econo4ic an+

const"uctability. In he"e the +esigne" %ali+ates base+ on the "a' +esigne"s "an5ing as sho'n inp"e%ious chapte". The final +esign to be a+opt by the +esigne" 'oul+ be base+ on the "esult on the

"esult of the %ali+ation that 'ill sho'.

Table # *esigne"?s Ran5ing fo" !loo" !"a4ing

De"%# C*$e*aC*$e*#;%I31*$a#"e

@on a scaleof 0 to A

Abl$7 $ %a$%!7 $)e "*$e*#@on a scale f"o4 # to A

W$) I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3 W$)4$ I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3

'. E"#3" @C%$ ).)3 1.)1

. C#%$*4"$abl$7 @D4*a$# 2.21 2.1

Oe*-all Ra# 2.)1 1.3

38


39/49

Sou"ce$ Ftto, K. L. an+ 8ntonsson, -. K., @1331A. T"a+e#off st"ategies in enginee"ing +esign.

Research in Engineering Design, volume 3, number 2, pages 87-104.Ret"ie%e+ f"o4


0.8.' F#al E%$3a$e ! T*a2e-!!%

Table # an+ # sho's the final cost an+ 4an#hou" esti4ate an+ that 'as int"o+uce+ on the

p"e%ious chapte". This final esti4ate of t"a+e#offs ha+ been fu"nishe+ all sections base+ on the

+esign st"uctu"e. The +esigne" accept the co4putations on ho' to "an5 the t'o t"a+e#offs base+ on

econo4ical an+ const"uctability. *etaile+ cost esti4ate an+ 4an#hou" esti4ate fo" t"a+e#offs 'e"e

sho'e+ in 8ppen+i= > an+ I.

Table # *etaile+ Cost -sti4ate fo" T"a+e#offs

STRUCTURAL STEEL COST ESTIMATE

W$) I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3 Php 10,,0.00

W$)4$ I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3 Php 12,),0.00

Sourceh!!p""%%%.%orl)s!eelprices.com"

Co4putation fo" econo4ic "an5$

Difference=Php (12,573,840 )Php(10,858,640 )

Php(12,573,8405 ) x10=1.3641


3(
http://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdfhttp://www.worldsteelprices.com/http://www.worldsteelprices.com/http://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdfhttp://www.worldsteelprices.com/


40/49

Table # *etaile+ 6an#>ou" -sti4ate fo" T"a+e#offsSTRUCTURAL STEEL MAN-HOUR ESTIMATE

W$) I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3 Php ),21).33

W$)4$ I#$e*3e2a$e Bea3 Php 2,0.

Source m Eagle /uil)ing Essen!ials #or a be!!er !omorro% (os! Es!ima!es

Co4putation fo" const"uctability "an5$

Difference=Php (3,213.9945 )Php(2,480.6775 )

Php(3,213.9945

)

x10=2.2816


0.8.'.' C%$ E%$3a$e%

The facto"s to be consi+e"e+ in cost esti4ate a"e inclu+es the bea4s an+ colu4ns. 7ith the

co""espon+ing p"ices, it is p"esente+ that ha%ing the inte"4e+iate bea4 at the floo" f"a4ing

p"o+uce+ econo4ical co4pa"e+ 'ithout inte"4e+iate bea4 at the floo" f"a4ing.

40


41/49

!igu"e #)) Cost *iffe"ence bet'een 'ith Inte"4e+iate an+ 'ithout Inte"4e+iate ;ea4

!igu"e #)) e%aluates the t'o t"a+e#offs fo" floo" f"a4ing na4ely$ 'ith inte"4e+iate bea4 an+

'ithout inte"4e+iate bea4. The e%aluation of the t'o t"a+e#offs has a cost +iffe"ence of Php

1,1,200.00 'hich is in fa%o" fo" applying fo" floo" f"a4ing the inte"4e+iate bea4.

0.8.'. Ma#-H4* E%$3a$e

Since the table of 8ppen+i= ; inclu+es nu4be" of tons that the steel st"uctu"e 'eight an+ its

specification, ha%ing 'ithout inte"4e+iate bea4 at the floo" f"a4ing p"o+uce+ the ti4e to cont"ibute

g"eatly on a p"oect const"uction consi+e"ing the 4eans an+ its "esou"ces a%ailable.

41


42/49

!igu"e #) 6an#>ou" *iffe"ence bet'een 'ith Inte"4e+iate an+ 'ithout Inte"4e+iate ;ea4

!igu"e #)) sho's the 4an#hou" +iffe"ence bet'een the t'o t"a+e#offs$ 'ith inte"4e+iate bea4

an+ 'ithout inte"4e+iate bea4. The "esult fo" const"uctability is al4ost sa4e but 'ithoutinte"4e+iate bea4 obtains the lo' %alue fo" this const"aint.

7ith the ai+e of the "a' +esigne"s "an5ing an+ %ali+ations of the t'o 'ate" sou"ce t"a+e#off the

+esigne"s has no' a basis to be consi+e" on 'hat to a+apt in the final +esign of 'ate" supply.

0.: I#!l4e#"e ! M4l$1le C#%$*a#$%, T*a2e-!!%, a#2 S$a#2a*2% # $)e F#al De%6#

6ultiple const"aints, t"a+e#offs an+ stan+a"+s influence the i4pact in 4a5ing of +ecision to choose

the final +esign. The selection fo" const"aints p"o%i+e li4itation fo" the +esign p"ocess. T"a+e#offs

gi%e the i+eas to choose 'hethe" the floo" f"a4ing 'ill ha%e the inte"4e+iate bea4 o" 'ithout

inte"4e+iate bea4.

42


43/49

The 4ain conce"n fo" econo4ic const"aints is being co4pa"e+ 'ith the cost fo" the 4ate"ials use+

fo" t"a+e#offs. Fn the othe" han+, the const"uctability const"aints integ"ate the "ate of 4an#hou" fo"

the buil+ing f"a4ing.

0.:.' De%6#e*;% F#al C)"e

To su4 up this chapte", the +esigne" p"esente+ the t'o applicable 'ay fo" the floo" f"a4ing$ 'ith

inte"4e+iate bea4 o" 'ithout inte"4e+iate bea4. The t'o t"a+e#offs assesse+ an+ co4pa"e+

base+ f"o4 the cost of 4ate"ials use+ an+ the "ate of 4an#hou". 8s a "esult, applying fo"

inte"4e+iate bea4 applying inte"4e+iate bea4 to the steel st"uctu"e is 4o"e p"efe"able 'ith

"espect to the final cost esti4ate of t"a+e#offs. Fn the othe" han+, 'ithout applying inte"4e+iate

bea4 is 4o"e ti4e to finish a p"oect const"uction base+ f"o4 the "esult of "a' +esigne"?s "an5ing.

CHA&TER 5 ( FINAL DESIGN STRUCTURE

;ase+ on the "esult 'ith "espect on its econo4ic an+ const"uctability const"aints an+ its "an5ing,

both t"a+e#offs fo" floo" f"a4ing @'ith o" 'ithout inte"4e+iate bea4A ha%e satisfie+ the const"aints

an+ the stan+a"+ set by the client. In the +esign, the +esigne" foun+ out that the applying

inte"4e+iate bea4 is consi+e"e+ by the +ecision c"ite"ia fo" econo4ical an+ const"uctability fo" the

p"opose+ steel st"uctu"e. In lieu of the analysis, the "eactions at the inte"4e+iate suppo"ts cause

43


44/49

4o4ent at a section of the continuous bea4. This 4o4ent is linea" bet'een the suppo"ts an+ is in

a++ition to the 4o4ent +ue to the eccent"icity of the fo"ce.

It is usually to p"o%i+e inte"4e+iate bea4 in a 4ain bea4 'eb fo" the p"actical pu"pose of

connecting to"sional b"acing bet'een the bea4s. 8s a fi"st step in +esign fo" bea4 locate+ at

8ppen+i= !, it is suggeste+ that initially it is assu4e+ the"e a"e no inte"4e+iate bea4 at all, an+ itco4e up that the bea4 is to be a+eBuate in shea" then the benefit of applying an inte"4e+iate

bea4 gi%es bette" i4p"o%e4ent.

Table #1 to # in+icates the final +etailing fo" the chosen +esign st"uctu"e fo" a #sto"ey p"i%ate

ne' school buil+ing. !igu"e #1 to # sho's the final figu"e fo" the +esign. *etaile+ co4putation

fo" base plate an+ 'el+ing connection is attache+ in 8ppen+i= J an+ K.

Table #1 !inal *esign Sche+ules fo" Steel Colu4n

COLUMNS

Fl* Leel Le#6$) @3 Se"$#

G*4#2 Fl* ) 7 2 = 20

Se"#2 Fl* ) 7 2 = 20

T)*2 Fl* ) 7 2 = 20

F4*$) Fl* ) 7 2 = 20

F!$) Fl* ) 7 2 = 20

R! De" 0.0 7 2 = 20

Table #2 !inal *esign Sche+ules fo" Steel ;ea4s

BEAMS

Fl* Leel Se"$# De%"*1$# Re3a*%

Se"#2 $ F!$) Fl*

&la#7 1 = ;ea4 1 (ongitu+inal

7 1 = ;ea4 2 (ongitu+inal

44


45/49

7 1 = ;ea4 ) (ongitu+inal

7 1 = ;ea4 T"ans%e"se

7 1 = 3 ;ea4 T"ans%e"se

7 1 = 0 ;ea4 T"ans%e"se

7 1 = 1 ;ea4 T"ans%e"se

7 1 = 2 ;ea4 T"ans%e"se

7 1 = ;ea4 3 @Inte"4e+iate

;ea4AT"ans%e"se

R! De" &la#




7 1 = ;ea4 12 T"ans%e"se

7 1 = 3 ;ea4 1) T"ans%e"se

7 1 = 0 ;ea4 1 T"ans%e"se

7 1 = 1 ;ea4 1 T"ans%e"se7 1 = 2 ;ea4 1 T"ans%e"se

7 1 = ;ea4 3 @Inte"4e+iate

;ea4AT"ans%e"se

Table #) !inal *esign Sche+ules fo" ;ase Plate

BASE &LATE

De%"*1$# 9al4e

T)"#e%% )0 44

W2$) )30 44

Le#6$) 0 44

Table # !inal *esign Sche+ules fo" 7el+ing Connection

WELDING CONNECTION

De%"*1$# 9al4e

T)"#e%% ! Flle$ Wel2% 1 44

Ce#$*2 ! Flle$3.11) 44

12.21) 44

T$al Le#6$) 1300.0 44

45

xy


46/49

&la* M3e#$ ! I#e*$a 112.3) 44

!igu"e #1 !inal *esign fo" Steel ;ea4

46


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!igu"e #2 !inal *esign fo" Steel Colu4n

!igu"e #) !inal *esign fo" 7el+e+ Connection

47


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!igu"e # !inal *esign fo" ;ase Plate

Re!e*e#"e%

@2012A. Ret"ie%e+ f"o4 7o"l+ Steel P"ices$ http$GG'''.'o"l+steelp"ices.co4G

@201A. Ret"ie%e+ f"o4 6-PS$ http$GG'''.4eps.co.u5G'o"l+#p"ice.ht4

;uic, 6. @200)A. 'echnical (alcula!ion an) Es!ima!or5s +an-our +anual. C"oatia.

DepE) E)uca!ional acili!ies +anual Revise) E)i!ion o# !he 2007 an)boo on E)uca!ional

acili!ies - n!egra!ing Disas!er Ris Re)uc!ion in School (ons!ruc!ion.@2010A. Pasig City.

48


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E(21. @n.+.A. Ret"ie%e+ f"o4 /lobal ;2; 6a"5etplace$

http$GG4anufactu"e".ec21.co4Gsteel'bea4Hcolu4np"ice.ht4l

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