steam generators for nuclear power plant
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STEAM GENERATORS FOR
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
SUBMITTED BY :NIKHIL JAGLAN
ROLL NO-09-ITMG-1276-ME
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NUCLEAR FUEL
Nuclear fuel is any material that can beconsumed to derive nuclear energy. The mostcommon type of nuclear fuel is fissile
elements that can be made to undergonuclear fission chain reactions in a nuclearreactor
The most common nuclear fuels are 235Uand 239Pu. Not all nuclear fuels are used infission chain reactions
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NUCLEAR FISSION
When a neutron strikes an atom of uranium,the uranium splits into two lighter atoms andreleases heat simultaneously.
Fission of heavy elements is an exothermicreaction which can release large amounts of energy both as electromagnetic radiation and
as kinetic energy of the fragments 235U + 1 neutron = 2 neutrons + 92Kr + 142Ba
+ ENERGY
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CHAIN REACTION
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NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTION
A chain reaction refers to a process in which
neutrons released in fission produce an
additional fission in at least one further
nucleus. This nucleus in turn produces
neutrons, and the process repeats. If the
process is controlled it is used for nuclear
power or if uncontrolled it is used for nuclearweapons
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NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
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NUCLEAR PLANT
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NUCLEAR REACTOR
A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclearchain reactions are initiated, controlled, and
sustained at a steady rate.
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CONTROL RODS
Control rods made of a material that absorbs
neutrons .They are inserted into the bundle
using a mechanism that can rise or lower the
control rods.
The control rods essentially contain neutron
absorbers like Boron, Cadmium or Indium.
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STEAM GENERATORS
Steam generators are heat exchangers used to
convert water into steam from heat producedin a nuclear reactor core.
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STEAM TURBINE
A steam turbine is a mechanical device that
extracts thermal energy from pressurized
steam, and converts it into useful mechanical
work.
Various high-performance alloys and super
alloys have been used for steam generator
tubing.
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CONDENSER
Condenser is a device or unit which is used to
condense vapor into liquid.
The objective of the condenser are to reducethe turbine exhaust pressure to increase the
efficiency and to recover high quality feed
water in the form of condensate & feed back it
to the steam generator without any further
treatment.
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FEED PUMP
Steam coming out of the turbine, flows
through the condenser for condensation and
recirculated for the next cycle of operation.
The feed pump circulates the condensed
water in the working fluid loop.
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COOLANT PUMP
The coolant pump pressurizes the coolant to
pressures of the order of 155bar.
The pressure of the coolant loop is maintainedalmost constant with the help of the pump
and a pressurizer unit.
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COOLING TOWER
Cooling towers are heat removal devices used
to transfer process waste heat to the
atmosphere.
Water circulating through the condenser is
taken to the cooling tower for cooling and
reuse.
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ADVANTAGES
Nuclear power generation does emit relativelylow amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). Theemissions of green house gases and therefore
the contribution of nuclear power plants toglobal warming is therefore relatively little.
This technology is readily available, it does nothave to be developed first.
It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical energy in one single plant
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DISADVANTAGES
The problem of radioactive waste is still an
unsolved one.
High risks: It is technically impossible to builda plant with 100% security.
The energy source for nuclear energy is
Uranium. Uranium is a scarce resource, its
supply is estimated to last only for the next 30
to 60 years depending on the actual demand.
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THANK
YOU!!