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Th,e ChessPlaye,sHllndBD,Dk

'TD wh.'ich'h.l,ve bee" a'dded Ihe chie'

va,iartions'ram'his Ch_55pl"axis .D'd

",aD,,ecent' •• a:/yses ."tI examples a'mDdernmasfe,-play

by HOiward Staunton



Hello everybody]! Ho la atodcs!

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STAXDARD WORKS

r t i i T -m » I:Y

GEORGE BELL & SONS.

* . . . . FOI List of T I , 11'\' I,]Il!.ARlUl see the end of the Volum



THE

C H E SS-I)L A YEl~'SHANDBOOK.

POl'UI \R A~D "(II ~ III IC l'\TR01)UCrION

T) 'Till

( , A 1 \ 1 E 0 Fell ESS,'

r .. 1\ti! II Ii 1 ) Illo

} \ \11< . . , \ ( J t \ I L\ PIA \ J D B\ 11 Jl (,1, I \ j J < . . , r \1 \" I I I,

"lUSTR IT!!) Il \"1[f}.()[! 11[1('1. 11!<; (IT osu.r : / l\,

111!Il}'AI11 I'O<;/I,{)\)

B\ IH }W \_R D ~TAUNTOX, L~Q.

LOhVO)l: c.t.ot.c.r 1 J I T ~ "ON<"', \ ORh. STRJ I 1

«l\J,\l (,\UJl"',



I 0'. nO'.

PRI'.Trn 1" "1111\'1 ('10"1' ~'n '0'-

"T \'rT nD "'1 tIT A'\D ('ItA I t'( (



iv 'PREFACE.

In a work of this description, intended as well for the

general as the scientific reader, it was thought desirable to

adhere to the notation in common usc among thc players of

this country, but in a more elaborate and expansive treatise,

it would certainly be (1e~irable,perhaps indispensable, to adopt

such a modification of the system as would admit of tabular

demonstrations. 'Vho that has ever attempted thc wearisome

exertion of threading hi" way through the ramifications of a

leading opening from an Ellgli'lh book, can ever forget thebewilderment and confusion which its endless references to

"Variations 1,2, :3," and" A, B, C:' and" Games 5, 6, and 7,"

have occasioned him? And yet such references for the most

part are needful, and indeed inseparable, from our method

of roeording the mows in columns, rather than on tables.

:Mindfulof these obstacles to the progress of the student, I

have hocn at some pains to lessen his difficulties in the present

wcrk In the first place, by discarding all unncees~ary varia-

tion'>, and abridging, where curtailment was practicable, the

remainder; and secondly, by distinguishing the accredited

methods of attack and defence from the subordinate or doubt.

ful ones. by a difference of type. Thus the reader who has

not leisure to pursue an opening through its several deviations,

and is content to follow the moves which have been pro.

nouneed the best, has only to play over the column of larger

type, and may reserve for a future opportunity the study of

the many beautiful and suggestive variations which arc given

in the smaller letter.

By these means mueh of the irksomeness complained of ivthe practice of playing from book may be avoided, and I haw

hopes that the mere learner will be enabled in a short time

to master an opening of" The Handbook," variations and all,

and derive not only profit but even pleasure from the task.



PRErAC'E. v

1 must not omit the present opportunity to acknowledge

the pi ofound obligations this volume is under to its great

namesake "The Handbuch" of Bilguer and V. der Laza, a

pioduction=-w hether con-adored in reference to its research,

its suggostrveness, or the methodical completeness of It,

mangcmcnt.-e-wlnch 'Standsunrivalled and alone.

Nor can I forego the gratification of tendering my warmest

thanks to Me-~qrs Angus and Finley, of Durham, for their

mvaluable assrstance in the shape of translations and eorreo-nons, and to my esteemed friend the Rev. II. Bolton. and to

those gentlemen who haxe kindly seconded his effoi ts, for the

series of exquisite problems which so appropriately concludes

the \\011..

H. ~.

London, JurI(, 1817.



CONTgN'l'~.

BOOK I.l 1 1 Iptfl I I)f._

I. D.,,, nptiou of the Cbess-Boat d and 1\1en -<\rrangt'mpnt of

the Mu •.-Thelr M'J\emcuts.-Po"e,,, -Method 01 e,p'tur [01, an Enemy, &c.. Itc 1

II 11.c Not itiou adopted to de<crrbe th e Mow, 16HI. The Tr chnn al Term" IIIus.. amoug ('h,,, Player" 191\' . On the Reidt" c Value of the Che"" Forces 34Y The L"" of the G.lmc 35,I. Gr neral Rules and Obscrvanons 40

Matlu mat« al Denmtions of the Moves and PO" (JS oi the(hl,,-lI1~n 4&

VlI. l\1UIIn- and A,hu,e for an Inevpcnr-nced Pl rver 4b

VI lIOn the < . . v, ral Optlllne;' or 1\t>~lllm1l6'of Ganu s 50IX. Pu lumnary G , . l l ' for Lh Instrur tion of a mere Novice 51

BOOK II.

Tl'F KI"("~ !\:-;l(,Hl'" Or r s rvo.

I. Th e Damrmo Gambit

Phrhdor", Defcr« e

Hluctr at tve Game",

II. Pr n oft v Dcn m eIhusn ative Gam."

Ill. The Couutc) G unlnt in the Knl!;J,t', OpenmgIllustr uive Gam"

IV. The GJUO( 0 Piano

llln,tl "t"e Gam..,V. ('ptllll E\,II'" Gamlnt

11lu'(I"tl\P G unev

V[. The two K1l1~hts' J), f, neeIlJu<,trallve Game,

VII. The Kmght'. Game of Ruy LopezTlIu,tratlVe Game,

VIII. The ,",urcn'. Pawl! ('Jnw, or .", ()I<:' Gambit

lllu,trd.tJv~ GameQ

IX. The Qlll~n's Hlhhor's P~"n'. Game 10 tbe Kmg s Klllght'sOpe rung

Hlnstrative Games

60

64727 786

')2

lUI

1')3

I I 7

12i

1,17III

145:17150154174

182

187



('ON 'I1<.NTb \11

ROOK Ill.

'Im h.l"'G< ;nT;,HOP S OrLNIN&

J J t J c

I rile (, line 01 the two KlIIb'. Bishops 1'16rht' It ihan-, Defence 200V[C Donne II ., Double Gambit 20t;'Ihe LOj p~ Gambit 21)

JlIu tr Itn t (:,~mt' .014I [ I he Kin; ., h.mght , D. f. IIC f' III the h.mg 8 Bi-hop s Opc nmg 222III 11K ( untr t (, imlnt III tho h.lJIl,. Bi-hop s 0] emr g 2271\ I'h Ql1 n s Bishop s Puwn , Drfcm e m the King b IlI.hop'!

Opcumg' 2"1l llu-rr invc G unes 23'\V The Qm en b IlI,hop. P,,,, n's 01 e11 l 11g 239

Illuvn auve (, unes 2-1- '

IlOOh. IV

IH1<. 1\.I1\G., GA'lI'Jr

\

rIll 1\,1111,., Kuu.ht • G in bitIllu-u rnve (,"tOle.1he Cuunmi.ham G imbtt

Ihustratwe (."m".

lhe " " V I O Gambit1he Cochrane G uulntIllusn itrve ("m"

The MuzIO ('"mlHtIIIustr •• VL Game.

1he All"nu G unlnr

I he 1 1 . . 1 1 1 ., • Rook sPawn lo unlntIllusu auve bam".Til h.mg'. Brshop's Gambit (R,gul~r)

I lu h.111gs Bishop s Gambit ,lrreguhr)Illu-tranve Games

I'he Gambit DeclmedIllustrative (,amt-s

2162'13

.hb

2602h2

2bb2762i9

2<)7

1 03

'W9.310

H7

1 1 0

3t2'H7u51

I.

II

III

I v

\I

\11

V I l I

1'(

X

BOOK vI. The Queen's Gambit

'Ihe Queen'. Gambit Refusedillustrative Games

rf Irregular Op-mngsThe French GameThe Srcrhan Game

J5a

360

3t12% < 1

3u8

371



I IIICO~TI?TS

Cbap te rThe ( entre Counter Gambit

Tile l < ranchetteIII. Other le-s practised Debuts

llIustr"tlve Game ..

BOOK VI

l~?DI"c.s OF GAME';

Kmg anti Queen agamst Kmg 403

Kmg and Rook ae;am.t KllIg 403Kmg anti two 131,hol" apm.t lI . .mll" 40f>K'Ing, Bi-hop -md hllle;ht ag unvt Kmg 406

Kill" and two h.lllghts ag u nst lI ..1Og 408

lung'll d Pa\\n-Am.!; Bishop and Pawn-s-and Kmg, Knigh t

nul Pawn, d,plll't l I . .mg 409Queen against a l I . .m!,ht or Bishop 414

Queen a" unvt RookQu,en ngunst Rook md PawnQueln a6!l1l1,t two Bisnop ,

QUHn ag,lInbt two hlllghtoQueen lj., unst Kmght and Bishop

Queen dJ; unst Queen and P"wn

Queen 'l1;un.,t Pawn

Rook against lll,hoJlRook ag.1l l1bt Knq"htRook and Pawn ag lm. t Bishop

Rook Ig"lIn,t tim e mmor I'Jt cesRook and Prwu agllnst RonkRook ag-unst one or more Pawns

Rook agam't tw 0 RooksRook ag nnst Rook and Bishop

Rook a!,um.t Rook and II..m f.l; ht

Endmg- of Games with Kings and l'nvn, oulyKmg ' and 1 ' . 1 , , 1 1 agalll , t Kim; and 1' .1" I I

Km g and two 1' ' ' ' '11. agamst Kmg and P" lWI l

Kmg and tw o Pawns agdll lbt Kmg and tw o Pawns

Kmg and two Pawn. ae;am.t Kmg and three PawnsKmg a~,UIl. , t three P"bld Pawns

Kmg and three I 'd sed Pawn. agamst Kiug and thief. PassedP",n~

Greco's Po-inonSzen's Posinon

V '. Lhess Notatron adopted by the leading Chess "rrlb..rs cf (rer.many and France

CUr IOUS Chess Problems, wthlllto unpubushed

I.

IJ

m

IV.

Y 1.

Pap

:m ,3711

3BO,38f>

386

41)

1 1&

410

42l424

42~

430

Hl433

436

41 9

441

U3

447

119

4&~

470

t73

174

UB

1%

IH 7

4')4

4'h

4\l~

Mil..3;)4



nOOK I.

INTRODUCTION.

('HAPTER I.

DESCRIPTION OF THE CHE~<; BOARD AND MEN-

ARRANGEMENT or THE MEN-THE KING-THE

QUEEN-THE ROOKS OR CASTLES-THE mSHOPS-

THE KNIGHTS-AND THE l'A"N<;-THEIR MOVE.

MENTS, POWERS, METHOO OF CAPTUIUNG AN

ADVERSEMAN, ETC.

l'HE game of ('1l('~~, the most fa;,ciuatin!-\ and intellectualpastime which the .. wi ...dom of antiquity' has bequeathed

to U", is played by two pcr'>ollb, each having at commanda little army of sixteen men, upon a board divided into

sixty-four Rquan'", eight on each of the four sides, Thesquares are u-ually coloured white and black, or red andwhite, altornntely : and custom has mad!' it an indi ...pen-ablerogulation ill thi-, country, that the board ...hall bo so placed

that each player has a white bquare at his right-hand corner."

* Thrs arrangement is merely conventional. In the earlier agt's ufchess, the board Wd' simply divtded into sixty-four squdres, Without anydifference of colour; and there ;8 good reason for believing that tho~hes8-men "ere then alike in form and size, and distinguishable onI:, byan Insoripeionor Sign on each,

. u



(In~~-PLA1.1;B S HANIJBOOK

file follow 1 II g' < II 1 ( .,"1m r('pl'('Sl:'llt~ the boar c l 11ltl! all the!men arranged 1 1 1 p lOp er order fo r the commenf ' t 'mcn t of 8

game -

~o 1

BLACK.

Faeh ph, (l It" IIIbr ob« n ( ' < 1 h-rs (lght "npu WI 1'1«('l,

or off iccr- , and ug-ht mmo r one'>wluc h .11e c ilk d P 1 '\ n - , and

for the purpo'>e of (h"tll1( non the PH('( ~ .uid 1',1\\ ns of one

P'u h ,U( of a (hffh( nt colour to tho«, of the otl.o

I h (,lght supenor Pieces, on each <rdc, .lrl-

A Kmg



1NTRODUCTTOY. a

Two Rooks, or C U R t J e l S

(as they arc indiseriminutely called)

Two Bishop" ~IJ~.j_

~2J~

B i

Two Knights

And each of those Pieces has his Pawn or Footsoldier

making in all an array of sixteen men on each side.On beginning a game, those Pieces and Pawns arc disposed

in the manner shown Oil the foregoing diagram. TIll' Kingand (.iuecn oreup), the centro ~quarcs of the first or .. royal"lim', as it is eallcd, and oaeh has fill' its supporters a Bishop,

a Knight. and a Hook, while boforo the whole stand thePawns or Foot.soldiers ill a row. (To prevent a common

enol' among young playl'l'H, of misplacing the King : 1 1 1 ( 1

Quet'n on commencing a galll(" it is well to bear in mind thatat the outset the white King always stands on a black square.

and the bluek King Oil a white OIlC). ' 1111 ' Pieces on tho King's

side of the hoard arc culled the King's, as King's Bishop,

King's Knight, King's Hook; and the Pawns dircetly in frontof' them, the King's Pawn, Killg"s Bishop's Pawn. King'~

Knight's I'awn, and I\ing's Rook's Pawn. Tilt' Pi{,N':O: on

the Q.u{'(')}·s Hide are, in like manner. called the QUl'{'n'~

Bishop, QU{,{,Il'S Knight, and Queen's Hook : and the Pawns

before them, Que('!l';, Bi~hop'H Pawn, Qu('(m's Knight's, Pawn.and Queen's nook's Pawn.

MOVEMENT OF TilE PIECES AND PAWNS,

A knowledge of tho moves peculiar to these several menis so difficult to describe III writing, and so eomparntivoly

PIlSY to acqmre oyer the chess-board, from any competent

norson, that the learner is strongly recommended to availiimsclf of the latter means whell practicable : for the use,

however, of those who have no ehess-playing aequaintanr-e

at command, the subjoined description will, it is hoped

suffice.



1 CHR3S-PLAY.ER 8 HANDBOOK.

THE Kum. -.I

The Kmg e-m move aile square only at a time (e ..eept in"C3.!!tlmg,' "In ch W Ill he expl.uned hereafter), bu t he canmake thrv move IIIany dnection, forwards, backwruds, late-rally, 01 diagonal ly > lIe can take anyone of the ad , erslll1 8

men , ,111lh stands 011 an ndjonung square to that he oecupw ' ! ,provided such man l~ left unprotected, and he ha-, the peen-

It'll pnv ilog c o f bung lnm sc lf exem pt nom cap tu re H e IS

not pcrnuttcd, however, to lUO' e into check, that 1&, on to,m, &qualt ' which 110guarded b) J. Piece 01 Pawn o f the enemy ,

nOI can he , lAndu any cucumst.mee, be play od to .111adjacent'!quare to that on which the ll\ al KIng 110 stationed LIke

mo-t of the other P .tU < " , lns pO\\,lr IS gH',lt('<.,tIII the middleo f the hoard, "hut, without obstiuctiou, he has the choice of

l1~ht d.fhr( nt -quaros At the sides, he lll,ty plaj to an,

one o f ihe but when m the angles of the board, tlnee squarev

only ,U( ,tt IUb e onumnd

The Queen 1'1 b) much the mo-t powerful of the forces

Slu , has the adv allt'tge of mO\lug ab a Rook, 1 1 l straight 1 1 1 1< .,

t O I " ud- b ickw.ud-, and <'ldf 'w,l)", to the oxtcut of the board

m all ducctiou-, and < 1 < ' a Hishop, ull~Ollall}, with the same

r tIlg'( '1 0 com p rehend her ~(,Opeof action, place her aloneIII the ccntu ot the bo.u d , It"Ill then be seen that she has

the command of 110 kb~ th an t\HU t)-,,< ',c n squ.ucs, besidesthe our she stand- OIl \.bLL dugmm ~o 4)

* The 01'';10<11 movement of the King, or .. Rey," 8' JI~ was first ('ailed

III Tur 'I", ~"Il<Ir. to h~v~ been 'ery limited, since he was r( stncted frommovm.r It ~II, evcept by the ne« "ltv of el.trIl'ntm!;" himself from auIIdwrse cheek About the beemmua of the thirteenth century, he had

the now," ot !"'yln!;" one square dllPltIy, but W'lb not permitted to move<l ralltUle angularly, till' hmitanon, however, l i-te d hut a short period,

an I theu t tie Rey h id the pnvr leg r of movuig and takuu; Inany direction,., "t J Ilt % l1 t, but ln-, range of aetron never extended beyond one square,("'p{, an Illtere~tmg article .. On the Moves and Powers of the Lhessmen

ltour ancestors," &c.. &c .-C4 fl111 1 -P IIlYw ', C llf'0 ' 4lc le , vol, III p.61.)



INT J10DUCTIOlf.

11~

The Rook, or Castle, i...ext IIIpower to the Queen Hemoves IIIa str-ught lme, forwards, backwards, or sidewavs

having a umform rang-e on 'l clear board of fourteeu !>qU'1H"

exclusive of the one he o<.CupI<.C;(Sle Cabtlmg, pag" 1 9 )

THE ROOK

1Hh BISHOP

1he Bishop moves dmgon- i l ly forwards or b-ickwaids, tothe extent of the bo-ird Itfollow s, thei eiorc th it he ti '1' ell>

throughout the g-ame only on <;qu neb of the same colour as

the OUL on which lie stands whc n the ~ ime btg'lll& and that

each pl-iycr h-is a Bishop runnmg en wlntc &qlhlrL" and omon bl u.k ' lqU'lll ' l V . hen pl ier d pn a centre <;(l 'l '1IL of a clear

board, he will be found to h-ive a range o f thute cn "qn'llt"

THE KNlGHT.

'I he action of the Knight IS peculiar, -md not ( I", to dL-

scnbe lIe I" the only one of' the Pu ccs wlnr h h'1" the prnI-It ge of I( t pmg 0\ e i mother mal l 1 he JUO\ ( mcnt-, o f the

othcrv '1 1t all dep(ndcnt on tlu ir fieedom from obstruction

by thor own and the enemy c ; men I or l"unpk "hen thofOlCl'> arc duly r urged JI1 order of battle before the LOmIDOIU

mcnt of the game the Kmght I" the only one of the tIght

eamtal PItCL'> wluch l III be pl n cd before the 1',1\\11" all

moved-e-King QUtl11, Bishop, md Rook '1It III hcmme d m

by the rank of Pawns which thcv cmnot ovork-ip , but the

h.mght, having the hhei t} of "pIlllg'm,; 0\ ci the he uls of other

men, can be brought mto the fu ld It OIlU In till" La"l I~

Ius move IS one "<IU'll( In a ~tlal!1!tt line and (U( 111all ohltqu«al1edlOn, If the h.mg s Kmght "(It to bu.m the g mu., Ill'

must be pla) ed either to King s Rook I > thn d <quau , 01 to

Kmg s Bishops tlurd square, and I f the QUllll" h.lllbhr

comuu need, he must be moved to Queln s Rook s thud

squuxt" or to Queen's Bishop s tbtrd square,



6cm:SS-PLA.YER'S HA.NDBOOK.

'The followinz diagram will serve, perhaps, to make his

action better u~der~tood. (See aIs? ~ages 12 ~nd ~3. fo r adesCliption of the powels and pecuharltJe~ of thiv P1Cce.)

No.2.

// /?'~

/

WHlll

In thi« position we have the Knig-ht surrounded by Pawns

in It\h\y which would render allY other Piece immoveable. AKing, (luecn, Rook, or lll...op, so encompussed by their own

force.., could never stir until one of the men were moved tomake an outlet; and, if thus shut in by adverse Pawns, could

escape only by being enabled to capture one or other of them.But the Knight clears such impediment .. at a bound, and can

here be played to anyone of' the eight white squares around.

It is WOI th remarking, that if he i.....ntionod on a wltite squarein the centre of the board, he has then eight black squares athi. choice; because. from the peculiarity of' his move , it isimposs ib le for him to ~pring from a white square to a white

cue, or from a black square to a black one. On placing him



INTRODUCTION. 7

on any square at the "ide of the board, it will be seen that

his ..cope of action is much diminished, and" hen standmg on

either of the four comers, or Rook's squares, as they are called,he has then only two squares to which he can leap.

THE PAWN.

iThe Pawn moves only one !<quar(' at a time, and that

Itra/Iflll forward, except in the act of captrn 1Ilg-, VIhen it takes

01lE' step diagonally to the light or left file on to the squill e

occupied by the man taken. and continues on that file untilit captures another man. A pO\H'r ha-, boon conceded to it,

how ever, in latter times, of going tu-o ~trjis 1/'11l1l first played ill

the game, j1IOlidrd no ho~ttl(' Pau n commands tltejhYi 811((118

01CI'lI'hidl li e leap», but, in that cu-e, the nch or-e Pawn h,I"

the option of taking him in hi ...pa ......gp. as if It(, hart mOl ed OM

btep O U~I/ (bec the dinm am, No 9) A Pawn 1" the onI) oneof the force- 1 1 ' ! 1 / · d . f/()('I out of 1 1 1 \ dll ection to captu: e, and

which has not the advantage of moving baekwnrds ; lJU~it ha.,one remarkable privilege, hy which on occasions it bocome-,

invaluable. u henet er it reaches the c itt cmc ~qllme of the file ou

:I'hic It it tun e ls, it is in! estetl l('illt th« titl« and as-umev the

1)C)WCI of antI superior Piece, crt {'pi the lI.l/Iq, 1l'I)I'( It the plalll r

("tOOY('I. From thi-, r-ireumstnnrc it frequently happens th Itonc party, by skilfu] manaacmcnt of hi...Pawns, contrive ... tohave two, and sometime ...even three, QU('('!I<' on the bo.u-I nt

once, a combination of force which of course j" in e-isubk, •

... The regulanon which enjoms a plurality of Queen& I' not, however,by any mean-, of genei a! prt vale nce, In Italy, at the present day, the

Pawn, on n,ulnnc; the Bth SCIIlRIt·, " repl iced by a second QUHII,

whether the Iorrm r one I' Oil tlu board 01 not; but this Wd~ not al"<l\'the case there, an.I accordmg to I\1d)Or Jaem-ch, tln oughout the whole ofthe North of Europe, 1Il ItU'~I"l, m Scandmav 1<1, III Gcunanv, a, well as hthe elassu: Italian autho .. , Del RIO, Lolh, and Pormam, the 1ule obtam-that a Pawn havmg I cached the 8th .'Iu ire, r- Ohanged for a PIece from

among those the player h-is lost. Two QU( en-, two l3"hop~ of thesame colour, three Rooks, three Knight" die not permitted; and If ,Iplayer advances a Pawn to an extreme squme of the board. It mustremain lila, tive till one of Ins Pieces I.taken by the en, m), UpOIl whu h

It instantly assumes the rank of that PIece, and i~brought into ncnon

lIgain.-(See the Introductory Artirle on the Laws of the Game of Chess, illthe" Analyse Nouvelle," &c.• vol. i. p. 28.)



8 CllESS-PI,AYER S HANDBOOK.

ON CAPTURING AN ADVERSE MAN.

The .. Pieces," by which title the eight superior officers aretechmcally designated, IIIcontr,t(hstmctioll to the" Pawns;'

all take ill the same dnecnon IIIwhich they move, Thl~ act

eonsists in removma the adverse Piece 01 Pnwn from thc

board, and plnoine the captor on the "quart' the former occu-pied. '10 make tlll~ChIT, we "Ill h('glll with the King, and

show his mode of oaptunng an adverse 111.\11

No.3.

w HIlL

Supposing the abo, e to he the position of the men tow ards

the eonclusion of a game, and Itb(ing either ]>art~'" turn toplay, he could take the ad,er"e Pawn hom the bom d and

place ~is Kmg on the square it occupied; and by doing so,

th e Km g w ou ld no t depart from th e o rder o f h is ma rc h. wh ic h.



1NTRODUC:l'J UN.

as we have before said, permits him to move 0'11( ' step in everydirection. In each of these instances we have placed the Pawn

infront of the King, but he would be equally entitled to takeit were it standing on any other of the eight squares imme-diately surrounding him, always proruled it was not sustainedor guarded b y some other Piece or PtI1N!.

The next diagram will exhibit the power of the Queen incapturing an cnemy.

No.4.

TIlArl,. 2

Thus plncod in the middle of the hoard, the range of the

Queen is immense. She bus here the option of taking anyone o f eight men at the extremity of tho board, on the Rquan:'s

respectively numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: 6, t, and 8, should herline of march he unobstruetcd ; and If the-e men were nearer,on any of the intermediate squarrs, she would be equallyenabled to take anyone of them at her choice. Like all



10 \'JIL~~-I'LAYER b lIANDBOOh.

th e o th er PIOC(,S nnd Prwns sh e e fl'tc ts the cap tu re bv rem ov ing

the m an from the board , and stanonm g hersotf on the vacated

square L.1 th Q eenn ROOK h IS the <am e powe r III LUA lllg as e u ...

f J rw~~d ' , biekw nd-, -m d Mdo\aJ '> , bu t he canno t, like he r,

fa \(' any m in ( I I IgollallJ

No a

1I \1 I, 1

1 f/;/

/ / /y// //

/,f/

/;

r» ,1'~ 0 - f/ /;/;

/; // /; ~/; I~

//

//

~

/

~, r i ),- ~=/ /$ {/ /// /

/ / / /;

/

7 * { / / ///

/

WIllH 3

Fo r (." im p lo phee the Rook Inthe cen tre o f the bo-ird and

II"! OppO"IlIg ' rm n on ( ich of th e squ-irc s numbcn d and the

Rook hot, the PO\\tr o t hkmg aD ~ on!' of th e four, and he

has th e <amp powe r If th e P ieces art one 01 two squares closerto lum , o r 1 lI1 Ined l"ltd j sun oundm g h im , In the d irection u id i-catod bv th e fou r fi~r('~

T he BISnOI' takes, a~ he moves, d iag on ally , e ith er for-

\I "rlls or ba< .kw ard s, Iu s r ,mge ex tend ing , on unobs tru c ted



Il'olROTH1CTION 1 ]

P ; q u a r c - to the extent of the diagonal hne on which Itt'tra\ei81(.

No E1 lIT Af'K 2

~ /#/,!j'7 ,// /

f~/ ; 1 ' " 1 /

'/ / / /

~ //// /// //1/ ////<w~/

~/

~/j

~/ / / /// #

~ /

//

///'

/J..~ ;$/

/ / / /f'~

i;

/'h

/ /

3

4

/

" IIIlI

.. In tlu thn tu nth (( ntlU) WL find the Bi-hop the n t o rrned AI/"" 8

corruption from It. L "tern name at Phd tlu ] 11 h lilt hid It, pre-erndia.rnnal movt mr nt but W~~ n stru ted In It, m u ch to the thud ''IuareItom that on whu h It stood thu- SIll'0,mg \\ lute 5 kJlli( b Bi-hop tostand on Ill' 0\\11 thud squ u e lucould tln u ( ipture any PIPP~or PI\\!:standing on hr-, QIIfen ., ''!U'lJ( or QU(ell , nfth "lUll! and 111~.lIl~'GRook'. square or Ill, Kuu, , Rook, fit h squ u e but w he was not I er-

muted to move to ...greater 01 II '" numln i of "IUdr(, hI lrid no powerover an emmy whu h stood either r lo-cr 01 more n move d th m tlu third

s(tuare .I0 (o1ll1cn- ste for this lmuted -u.non tln, AI/I/" had tlu pecuh.n ity bestowed on lum of vaultmi, ovr i mother PI ce In the manner

somewhat of the kmght For ex~mi le -11,~e \\ lute , kmg ., Br-hop '1.

b. fore on hi, own tlnrd '(IUI1I I \\ith 'l TIl. k Ihshop It BlILk., kln~'

fifth, and a Bl u I. 1'11\\11 at Ill, t~U( en v 1)111h In tin, or -m y smnl nposinon, the" lute Brshop could not La] ture the IIh,J . . one I nt coulr'ovr rleap lnm and take the Pawn and then be (lit of tln, Iani.e 01 the

Black Bishop's at non (See the article on the '\1oves, &c 01 tl (, Piece'

III the thirteenth c-elltury, before referred to )



12 CHESS PLAYER'S HANDBOOK

T he KNIGH1, all wc have 'lean before, moves one square

forward and one obliquely, hIS aetion bungIt

combrmtion 01the shortest move of the Rook and tho shor+e ..t mow of the

BIshop HIs power and method of takmg an opponcnt 8man

WIll be seen nom the dmgrdill subjoined

No 7

BrACK

/

/

/

WUIlL

In tills situ ition, in the centre of the, board he would h-ive

the pow er of t lkmg anyone of the men 'It rtioncd on the ~quar( ~

numbered, by fllllO\lllti the imn and placing himself on thevacant square ' I I -

* There IS no evidence we beheve to show that the Kmght has under-gone any varu non In action or power smee the first mtroduction ofchess into Europe Ills move app 'lr8 to be supplementary to the nngeof the other fort-e. 'in I to comprehend JU&t those squares of the boardover wluch nVD I ' of thl'm, IIlIIltlarly placed would have commaad,



INTRODuCTION B

The PAWN, as we have previously observed, i'l the only manwhich captures Ina direction drfferent from ill'! hne of march.

He IS permitted to mot e only one square foiw ard at a time,and IS not allow ed to take allY PIlCCor I'll."n which rna) Im-

pede ill...p rth If howe, er, he meet WIth an) of the adverseforce on a pomt diagonal, one step either to the right or leftof the '>qU,ll e he OC-CUplt'l. he l'l at hberty to eipture that manand take his place 011 the ncvt file, for l\..lmple,-

1\0 8

III \C'K

/

/

i0

'\

/ ./ /.

/

£ ~ ~j 8//'~B/\)/ /

~B /8/ /~/ ,h//J,,%

~

/I'

: 1 ' \ I:I) ~~ - ~./

wru u.

fluppo'le, at the oprlllllg of th e game "1ntr bo.nns bv plavmgKl'lg" I'll."n to King ., fourth .,qnuo (sec the .u trr It on Nota-non, P 16) Blnck mil.) reply 1Il the s-une manner with King'sPawn to l\.mg"'I fourth <;qn'lre. and nr ithor P 1\\ II can domore than rcm-un an obstruction to the on" -ird march of theother but IfBlack answer mstead WIth Kmg s Bishop s Pawn



14 CIIESS-PLAYER'S BANDnOOK.

to Bishop's fourth, or a~ ill the diagram. with Queen's PQIVIl t(

(luecn' ...fourth. then White, if he ~hoosp, ! 1 1 1 l : y take the ~~verl!fPawn from the board and place his own IIIrts stend.. ~o e~.emplify another peculiarity of the Pawn. ! 'lU p P ( ).,~W h ite m th issituation to prefer playing the 1'3"n 011 to hlll~ s fifth ..quareinstead of tnknur the ]',IWIl, the follow lll~ would be the

aspect o f the bom d :-

No 9.

H I \!"

/ /#/ /'////~

, /~

/ /~

/ //

////1j~, ',/

/,//

/'

/~rr/

~')

!.~~ ~ ,t,~/ , ! ,iii; i/iffit' / / -1 / ~/ / /

//

If, now, Black choo~e to pl.iv King ...Hi-hop' ...1', , , \11 to l{ill~'~Bishop h fourth, White ha-. the option of taJ,.ing that Pawn (inpassing, a...it i~called), ju ... n~ if Black. in ...oad of playing it

two .,tl'P~.harl movofl it to King\' Bishop'« third f>qunre only;

" : m tp, in faot .might a ITC5t it in it s leap over the King's Bishop'sthu J square, take it off tho hoard, and station hi ...King's Pawn

on the said Bu.hop's third square, as in an ordinary case of



U. '1 llODUCTlON. le i

rapture But I f tiC omit to exercise tlns pm\C'r at once, IH' I . ,

not -illowed to do < ; 0 after another 1 1 1 o , e has lxcn rmdc l(

Th IS prrvilcge of the Pawn to tike 111p,l~"lIIg , 1 I10thuPawn which attempts to advance two steps "Ihen first moved,

1" '10 ,cry imperfectly under stood by young piacutioners andI~ the c iu ..e of so much (}roi and nnsundc rst mdmg among

them, th it l,cry one should comprehend It thoroughly before

he hlglIl'> to pily ,1 game III earnest

* 'Ihe followmg instrucnve observatrons on the subject of the Pawn's

moving two stc ps and Ius power of t'kmg an adve rse PIWO wmc hattempt-, to I'aqq him, are extracted fi om M~jor Jaemsch s "Analy.e

Nouvelle " b . <

" To be ,hk properly to lude;(' the que-non Ichhve to the tlI..mg of aPall n pn l'nt\ant, or pn\\a1 battaolta 01 the Italians we must recoller t

that 1t til( OII,,'1ncf the gaml, tht. PdWI" advanr ed hut one -quare only,

snd tln-, h st III the gtllel ,1 u''lge III the 1 1 . l,t n"ld" the mtur e of thePrwu 11 e lf mdu 'Il' It It I., evulr nt It was with til( mtention of «ug-

mentina the '1Iu( of tln-, the w, ikest but the mJ,t mtcrestmg of thechess f If( l~ and to word hy tlrrt mr III' I 11ll~'1l1l1ope nmg, that It \ > ' " w o

permitted to march two 'tel" on the hht move when It \\.1' tacitly sup-

pov d 110 enemy \\l, vr r withm n.n h It w e- ••rl....quentlv pr n erved

th at som e PIU e o f the I III my ml"ht , tu n r omrn llul the 'qt.d' ~0\ ('I \\ I n c hthe P rwn I( II'~ -md th it to pr mnt tlns Itdl \\," III '0IlJ(. q n t to vlOhl.(

till' nght. of th-it PI(' hut \\1" th r from,.,( IIru)U d 'IIg ud of th: Pawn,

or 111ull,lIu e for It-\\IIIilL" It \\" g. II(I,lIy ~gll e I to p<I nnt It till.

hcence 'lhe '1'PH t of t hmgs ch lIIg. d wlu nth, que-non c mu to bediscu-sed If tlus vro l mon of the Jlf.,ht..,of the Ittl<klllg P r e r e «onceded

to the PIWll at It, hl,t move, coul l be "1'"1" nlTu'ed II, a tiS o rIII )tl" r T'IWIt III other words It the jJa •• m battaqlta \\ ith I ;; IId to ..

1'1('( could h, t ik r iu d with re-q ect to a 1''''11 01 the Idvcl'lIV wlnchhad an ived It lus ntth "IU 1I(' Upon tlns pomt tlu 0llllllon, of r hess,pl.iyers WITt> drvnk d the malollt, of armte urs the glut playe.rs of Spam

and Portugal at thr n he It! (Iln ridw i-, th e n tit, ,II"I( hnd of chess),

decided th it th e p iw n " uld not h. 1'(,1nnttc d !1\ " !I. of an equal, whatlias tole, ned as to a PIU L '1 h It the l'erm""oll of pa\\ar h.lttagl1a a. toall attar kme; Piece, could hive 110 othei object th III to "IVI annuanon to

the g unt 1 1 1 aidmg the w r-ikne •• of the P lWII th it tln-, obJl ct would not

only be un I t t 1 I I 1 P c ! , hilt th it n tim etly conn I I y dfu t woulu he I 'I O c ! U ( . e d

If the legittm ite ights of tlu Pawn adv mo.d to it-, fifth "lllUlt> -hould bevnlated It I.., thus, at III.t, th-it we e\pl III the monv- « th it led the

play!! .. of the Iberrau Peumsula (np'()l(IIII~ to the t"tlm'lIlY of RUjLoper), and I iter those of Fran«, Eng l md and Genu my, to e..tabb II

the rule of tlh.trg t1 e Pawns III passuur, WhICh hLi!,htlllh powcrtull. theinterest of the gdme, In g lVU1g iddition il to'( e to tlu P01llns, the' soul

If ebess,' as they are called bv Plnhdor ' (Jacmsch f II I l' 34.)



16 cu G~S.]>J,AYER'S HANDnOOK.

CHAPTER II.TIlE NOTATION ADOPTED TO DESCRIBE THB

MOVES OF THE UEN.

'I'HERE i'! no portion of an elementary work on. Chess o~ so

much importance to the learner, and none which requires

more re~olute ma..tering than this.The notation may be called the language of the game, and

a know k(\ .\ c of it is nbsolutoly indispcusnble to eH'ry' onewho i~ himself ambitions of excelling, or who is desirous of

appreciating the e...r-ellencies of other players. How mnny

thr-usand-, of amateurs are there who h:n I' never played It

sin elc game or opening through from books in their lives,

and who (It'l ',I1' themselves from the primary source of enjoy,ment, and indeed improvement, which die" nffords, simply

heeauso they "ill never be at the pain'! oi ncqnii ing the key to~tud~ ing printed gnme>s? Others, again, hav c' contrived to

pick np sufficient acquaintance with some particular R} stomadopted by one writer. or in one country, to play over a printed

game from that notation" ith tolerable aeeuracy, but cannot

be induced to de, otc the requisite time and attention for the

attainment of any other. Now, a~ the method of describing

the movement'! of the che-s-men diff('r~ materially in different

countries. yonI' true ehesv.plnyer "ill never be content till hell<l~acquired know leduc enough of the-e svstems to decipher

all the 1I10~timportant, <ueh as those of Germany, France, andEugland, with fM·llity. It i~host to begin, however, with one

of these, and learn that accurately first. Accordinely, 'H shall

here proceed to explain only the method adopted throughout

thi-, country in de-eribing the moves, &c., re ...erving Itdisserta-

tion upon tho mo-t popular systems in usc abroad for anotherpart of the Tro.r ti -e.

JIu,ing mar-halled the men in battle order, as shown in the

fir..t diag-ram, )OU will observo that each party has two rank»

of men, on tho fir~t of which stand the superior Pieces. and onthe next the>eight Pawn-, The eight squares which eomp(>~e

thl:'.first rall~ a~l' each di~ting-uihh('d by the name of the Piecewhich OCCUpll:'St when the men arc first arranged. There arc,therefore, the King's square, the King's Bishop'S square, King 8



NorATION. USKD 1'0 DE8C1UBE THE MOVES, 11

Knight's square, and King's Hook's square, and in like manner,the Queen's square, Queen's Bishop's square, Queen',! Knight's

and QUCC.'ll'book s squareq The files, that IS, the row ofsquares runnmg hom top to bottom of the board, are also

named by the Piocev OCCUP}mg the first square In each file

Thus each of the supenor ofhcers has a file or row of eightsquares runmng fiom illq end of the boar d to the con espondmgPiece of the ('uemy, and e\ ('IY one of these eIght squarestakes its name hom such officer Tho following diagram will

bene to show the de-agn.rnon of the vanous "quares

No. 10.

HI ACK.

b8't1t:)II~ill~t)111>"1lt)1 t'~ "''I '('"'1 "I'I)! "f~~)!

QRI8t1h Qtt\:th Qn'tKth Q M~ "''1Mh h.b'ltHh KKt ..Hth A.~.~

-------- ----------------pl I tI e VZ. lX n Jl'" II n Pi" to '6 I" 'I 1z 10U}I 1r '"1"1 "f pr ',11 ~

F/~ I r It·Q R 81th Q. I\.t ..7th Q~ .. 7th Q it 7th I K .. ~ h. n...7th

k l t . .tl k. R R 7th----------- --------------

lit 'I II e PL R 1'1 n Pl. a n't) I PI" t) Pt. !I 'I t! ..H 'I I !. s 1'1 'I 1 .. II 'I

QR,6ti, 'Qt.th QB,lth I } b 6 t ~ r.,flh " f . . , u . r.r.. tI r.l~b------------------ -------

Ut tI U'l 1m " 1'1)f qn 811 ~

K II s'th K ~ ,,,it! I r. II •• tb-------_------ ------

Ill" 'I 10.<' s x III I> rx "I 1m~~)I

" s 4th r. ~ b lth r. Kt. 4th K f r h <th--_._--------------1.1lW'~t) q19" 1')1'f) 1{1R;i t> 1{198e ~1J" 'I ttll" ax ttll)91'1 'I

~ J I I~ .J I t . l 1Q.R.sld QI\.ts1d nW sJd n ..'u h. .. Jd k.Bh1d l\.Ytf~id klts1d

------<---------------- -- ---- ---

ql~ S 1I't) 1 11 .. 1 '1 b 11 l~ w U 't)

II

IQ Ws 4th Q k.t .. tth Q It i 4th

Here it is seen that White names (,HI) "quail' on tho boardin accordance with its relatrve POSltlOIl to one of his ('Ight



I H CHESS-PLAYER'S HANnnOOK.

Pieces, and that Black does the same. Hence follows al

anomaly, mack's jirs~ squares. are 'Vhitc's e i f 1 . h t l t , a~d t'iCI

re:..sd, This irregularity IS avoided by the notntion which wasgencrally adopted ill this country until lately. That was founder

upon the true principle of the chess-board bt'ing divided intc

two parts, one of which belonged to White and the other tc

Black, All beyond the four first squares of ('wry file was the

territory of the advcrsarv. Instead, therefore, of describing a

Piece a s at .. King's !ooi;th," or" King's Hook's seventh," OI

.. Qm·en's sixth," it was said to be at .. adverse King's third,"

or "a(h'er:se King's Rook's second," or "adverse Qurl'Il'~

third," &.e. There can be 110 question that this was more

correct than the present mode, hut it was thought less concise,

aIHIhas latterly gone quite out of use both here and in "France.

Before procl'('ding further, it will be desirable for the

student to familiarise himself with tho respective 1110\"(,S of the

Pieces, names of the squares, ~('. A wry little practice willenable him to do RO, especially with the aid of any friend

uequnintcd with thorn. He should, in tho first place, necus-

tom himself'to tho s('tting- up the men in order of battle; after a

fi'w repetitions of the proe( ,HH, and comparing tlu-ir position with

the diasrram on tho second pag(', he will soon have 1I0 difficulty

whatever in arranging them correctly without referring to the

hook. It will then be well to clonr the board of all but a

hingle Piece, and prnr-tiso with that until perfect in it~ move-

monts ; another, and t 1 l < ' 1 1 anothor, may Ill' added, until the

action of (,\,(,I'y 011(' is as familiar a~ tho ;'llphab('t.

Suppose. as a firl'ot exorcise, ~'Oll begin h~' placing yourQu('el1 on 1 H ' 1 ' foquare (i. 1'., 1 1 < ' 1 'first square), then p l a y her to

Q's {jth squar(', then (dia)!;onally, observe) to Q. Rook's 8th

"quare, then to King-'s Hook's 8th ~<Juare, then to < 1 . , R's"<jum:( ' , and then home n~aill to hor ;.qnare. It is propel' to

nH:nt Io l I .that the directions f e l l ' moving a Picee arc not usually

printed llJ full, and that nccordinz to the modern ubbrevia-

tions in the present and other chess-books, these several

instructions we uld he hriwll thus :_i. Q. to her " '1 '2. Q. to her 5th.

3. Q. to her R's 8tl,.

4. Q. to K. R's flth.5. Q. to her It's sq.6. Q . to her sq.



NOTATION USED 1'0 DESCRIBE THE MOVES. 1~

As a next exercise, put the Queen's Bishop on his square,beside the Queen, and play him as follows:-

1. Q. B. to K . R's su,2. Q. B. to K. n's 8th.

3. Q. B. to Q. R'o 3rd.

-t . Q. B. to his sq.

To these two Pieces now add the Queen'!> Kllignt, on ::'ill

own i>quarf',and playas fo llow s :-

1. Q. Kt. to Q's 2nd.

2. Q. Kt. to K's 4th.

3. Q. Kt. to K. B'. 6th.4. Q. Kt. to K's 8th.

5. Q. Kt. to Q B'. 7th.6. Q. Kt. to Q Kt.'. 5th.7. Q. Kt. to Q. B'. 31·d.8. Q. Kt. to In, 'q.

By taking all the Pieces in auecossion thus, you will speedilyobtain sufficient knowledge of their movements to commence

the opening of a game; but before attempting thi-, it is need-

ful for you to be acquainted with the technical terms in useamong chess-playcrv, and the code of laws, which govern" thegame.

CHAPTER III.

TECHNICAL TERMS IN USE AMONG CHESS

PLAYERS.

CASTLING.

ALTHOUGH, as a general rule. the move of the King 1S re-stricted to one square at a time, he has the privilege, undercertain conditions, once in the game, of moving ill conjunctionwith either of the Rooks tw 0 I'quares. This peculiar mow-ment is called Ca~tliTlfl' and. in this country, it is performedin the following manner :-If a player wishes to castle 011 hisKing's side of the hoard, he moves the King to K Kt.'s sq.,

c~



20 CHESS-PLAYER'S RANDDOOK.

d then places the 1\:'8 Hook on K. B's square. If he castle

:~ the Queen's side, he plays his K~ to Q. B's sq., a~JQ :s Hook to Q's sq. The object?f f lus compound more mgenerally to place the royal Piece m safety, ,and at the sanu

time bring the Rook froin tl,le comer sq~e mt? better play.The conditions under which a player IS permitted to castle

are:-ht. The King JIlUHtnot be in check. 2nd. The Kingmust not hare moved. :3rd. The Hook must not have moved,

4th. The King must not pu~~over or on to any square atta?kedby an enemy's man. And 5th. ~h('re must be n_~ PIece,

either of his own or the adversary s, between the King andthe Rook.In excmplificetion of' the importance of castling, to escape

from an attack. and to retort one on the adversary, see, pre-

sently, the diagram No. 11.

CHECK AND CHECKMATE.

The King is said to be ill cherk when he is attacked by allY

Piece or Puwn, for it being a fundamental law of ehoss thatthe King can never he taken, whenever any direct attack

Ilpon him is malic, he must he warned of his dangor by the

rry of' ('hl'ck, and the playor is then eompelled either to remove

h is KiJlg out of ( 'herA, or parry the ehcek hy interposing II

man hotween the Kin~ and the attacking Piece, or capture

the checking man.

When he can do none of these three things, he is check-

mated, and the game won by the other side, (See diagram

No. 12, at tho cud of this Chapter.] When the Kmg is di-rp('tly attar-ked by the Piece played, it is a simple check; but

when the Piece moved cl()('~ not itself give check, but unmasksanother which does, it i~ eallod a discorered check. (See dia-

gmm No. 13.) The third Iop('ciesof check ie named the duuhk

rhl'rk, where the King is attacked hoth b) tr,e Piece moved

and the one d i scove red . The fourth description is called per-ne tua l ( 'h e !''', a case which arises when a player has two or

more squares on which he can give check, and his opponent

can o:u1y parry one check by affording an opportunity for

another, If the first player tnen nersists in the repetition of



TECHNICA.L TERMS

these particular checks. the ~me must be abandoned atdrawn. (See diagram No. H.)

DOUBLED PAWN.

When two Pawns of the same colour are on the same filethe front one is called a doubled Pawn.

DRAWN GAME.

When neither party ran give eheekmnte, the game isdrawn. This may arise from several causes, as :-18t. Per-

uetua] check. 2nd. 'Where there is not sufficient force toeffect a mate, as a King and a Knight only, or a King and

two Knights, &c., &e. 3nI. Where onc party has force suffi-cient, but is ignorant of the proprr mode of applying it, andthus fails to checkmate his helpless adversary within the fiftymoves prescribed by the 22nd law. 4th. Where both partiespersist in repeating the same mow from fear of each other.

5th. Where both parties arc loft with the "arne force at theend, as a Queen against a Queen. a Hook against a Rook,and the like, when. except in particular cases, the brarneshouldhI' resigned as a drawn battle. And 6th. When one of theKings is stalemated,

EN PRISE.

'When a Piece or Pawn is in a situation to be taken by theenemy, it is said to be en prise. To put a Piece en prise, is toplay it so that it may be captured.

THE EXCHANGE.

When a player gains a Rook for a Bishop or a Knight, It istermed winning the excllange.

FALSE MOVE.

~\ny illegal move, such as castnng when the King hall beenmoved or is in check, moving a Rook diagonally, or a Bishoplike a Knight, is called a false 01' an" impossible" move.



22 CIlL<;b-l'IA\I;U'S HAN IlDllOK.

FOOL'S MATE.

'l1u~is the simplest of all checkmates, being aeeomplisliedin two mot es in th e fo llo w mg manner ,-

WHUP

1. K Kt P to K. Kt '~ 4th.Z K B P to K B'~4th

BlACK.

1 K. P to K's 4th.2 Q to K R', 5th, check,

m-ite,

r t cannot possibly be gn en by the f i r s t player.

FOR( ED MOVe.

"'hen a player has one only kgal mOH' at command, It 1ft

said to be a forced 1}1(It[

G-\ VISIT.

This word IS denverl from an Italian phrase In wrestling,and SII.,'1llfi!., a m ovem en t bv w h ich the .tdversm y 1" tnpped

up In ('hp,>", tlns l'l attemptc.l by the fn st pIol)er puttmgIt P.1WIl en p rZ le of the enemv (all} III the g.une, by which hi'I" en tbIt d morc rapidly and eift em-illy to develope Ius supenor PIP' es 1hoie at I' sev1'1011gamlnt-, hut the most Im})Oltant, and one w 1 1 I C ' h includes Illoln) others, I" the Kmg s gambit,commenced a'l follows -

WRIT ..

1. K. P to K s 4th

2. K. B. P. to B'b 4th

BLACK.

1. K P to «,.'s itll

2. P. hb.t.b K II l'

'The Pawn offered by the first pla)er nere at his second

move is called the Gambit Pawn, and "hen taken bv the ad-\ I'I"ary the opmmg becomes a gambu, •

The varieties of the gamblt8 are often designated by thenames of tne pla~ers who invented or first niougnt them mtc

vogue--as the ~JUZIO gammt, the Salao gambit, the Allgaiel 'gambit, the Lopez gambit; while others obtain their name

from the open ing m oves of the f i rs t player, U 8 the King sBishop's gumbit, VI hreh begins thus:-

\\ RIfF.

1. K. P to K'.4th

2. K. B P to B'8 4thS. K. B to Q B'g 4.h,

BLACIl.

I. K. P. to K's 4th.2 l' takes P.



TIl('HNICAL TERMS. 25

SCHOLAR'S MATE.

A checkmate occasionally grven at the op~nmg (If a gameby 0. practised player to one but little tutored In the science,The follow mg are the m ov es

WHITE BLACK

1 P to K's 4th 1 P to K's 4th

2 K B to Q B's 4th 2 K B to Q 1:'s 4th.3 Q to K R'. 5th . s Q Pone

4 Q takes K B P, glVlng checkmate

SMOTHERI:D MATE

A checkmate which 1" somctrmcs gnen h) the Kmgbt"hen the adverse Kmg rs hcmmed m, cr smothercd, b) hIS ownforces (Sec diagram No 16)

ST.\.LEMATI:

When one part) h'l'>his Kmg <;0 cncumstanced that, nothung at the moment III (heck, he' cannot play lum withoutgomg mto checl.., and at the same tnnc has no other PIPLe orPawn' to move mstcad he IS said to be stalemated, and thegame I '> considered drawn (Sec diagram No 17)

TAKING A PAWN EN PA'S'SANT, OR IN PASSIl'oG

Ithas been shown before, m speaking of the aenon of thePawn, that he 1 & limited m hISmarch to one "quare forward

at a time, "hen not capturing. and one "quare forward

diagonally, either to the nght or left, "hen he take'San ad, er-saT), but that he has the privilege, on bemg first pIa) cd ill

the game, to advance two squates, unless ill so domg he paSha square which 1 & attacked b)' a hostile Pawn , inwhich casethe opponent may, at his option, permit him to make the twosteps forward, and there remain, or may capture lnm 1Il hispassagc m the same way as If he had moved but one step.(See wagram No. g.)



20 CIH ""-l'LA 1 Fll S nAN DDOOK.

HIF Ol'rRI\TIO~ OF "(,A"rLrz"G "-(&ee pagp l~ )

~o It

1'1 \f .h

!1 ( I I I::. ij / /",~ i/~

" 0 ~ ~it .-t-

i ~"

/

4 "1""!l:-

U\;11

8/Q r . ? ' / /

S~

fj B B / ;) . - #

~

/

)j~

WUIlI

In this 'litu mon the white Kmg 1':1 threatened with "IMt1., (,'tllld a dl'(OHl{cl chcr k that I", hI" opponent b) re-

moving the Bishop would d isco i c r check hom the Queen 1

I''''o('{'«lm~, III the present mst UlU' whrch would "Pl( dilvinvolve the Io=, of the ~lme to White Not bemg at the

moment III chppk hO"PHT and h-ivmg moved neither Kmg

nor Rook and there bllIl~ no mtel!lnu/(/ 1'1Lce between tlu,

* The pracuee of e-istlmg rs I European mnovanon of compar atrve ly

moder n orunn In the OlIPlIll1 nations the birtbpl u e of chl''''' cdbthngI,unknown ind the PltllP,t mthors upon the !,amt. m Lurope Damiano(l1ilZ) and Lopez (15&1), have no allusion to It hut mention only rh .... le1J1of the KIng" a pecuhar prmlege denved from the E,.tLrn game,winch permits the Kmg, on lns bemg first played, pro\ ided he has notI " rheek ..d to move and even make a capture hke J Kn ~ht.



Tl!.CHNYC'.A.L TERMS.

No. 13.

nnd he would, consequently, be checkmated at once. In theposition under con..ideration, however, you must ob..erve thatthe Bi..hop is attacked by the Black Rook, and if White were to

play hi" Rook in the way just spoken of, Black could takethe Bishop with Ilia Rook, and would ultimately win theg-ame. Under these eireumstances, White must play hisHook to K. Kt.'s sixth square, discovering check equally with

the Bishop, and at the same time preventing his rapture h)the Rook. As Black cannot remove his King, nothing re-mains for him but to interpose the QUt'rn at her Kt.·R lIl'e'ondsquare, whereupon 'White takes the Hook, giving checkmate,since the Queen is already occupied in parrymg the Bi-hop'scheck, and the King is unable to Ktir.



" )I.'HE~S FLAYER'S n..nmOO'K

PBRPETUAL (HECK.

") 14

HI H'I,

r "

•~ / / ~%

r~

if~/~'Y //#/ /

/ /

t~//

/-,07/:@/ ///

~ )~/

-'l~

~;y~"ff ,?/ / 10 / /. /.

~/ /~

, .

:i"//7/

~~j~// /p

/ ~7// j/_ / . ;'

rf; /. /A //01

/~ ~% P " 9

0/~ /

/ /~

~~/~

/7/// / //,1/

V J/

/

w "I J I

Thi« po-itron rs only 1modifir-itron of the pT('('rlmg one, but

It will emble von to un- le t <t-md w h-it I '> JIll. -m t by perpetualchec]: a~ ,,1I1 l~ the most cl-iboi-rtc -irr-mgcmcnt of the men

could do PIl(,(, the me n on" our r hecs bo 11d '1C(,OI dmg to the

d iag ram , 'm p p o..,( "om "elf to b e p l n m g thc whrte P iece - , andt11at It l~ vour tUIIl to 1ll0H "\.our uh ervirv '\ ou will ob-

f,en e h'lq the '1d, llltt~( Inpoint of for co but tnis IScounter

bal mr «1 h, the "lin ition wlnr, h cmbk s vou to draw the~ uno 10 do tln-, '\ou must hi -t p lay '\ OUl Qm en to one of

tho three ~qll'l!( ~ where <he "Ill ehecl ... the lung, 1 e , to

h . .., 4th U'S oth 01 (~ R., Gth , It 1" indifferent which,

"'n, tho eforc , Q to ~ ~ 4th (h('1.) Black lns no option,

hI" Kmg cannot 11me , he must mtcrpose hIS QUltll Ii now



TECHNICAL l'EltMS.

you were to take the Qucen you would lose the game, onaccount of his two Pawns; but lnstcad of doing so, you pIa\'

the Queen to King's 8th ~q., giving check. The black QUC"ilmust again interpose; you repeat the cheek at K's 4th, mackeau only pany it with his Queen, and you may persist ingi\'ing the same two checks, ad infinitum. In such cases, the~ame is resigned as "drawn by perpetual check:"

ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF PERPETUAL CHECK.

No. 15.

nr,AeK.

In this instance, which is gwen by Mendhcim, "Thitc ismuch inferior to his opponent in numerical strength. hut from

the peculiarity of the situation he is enabled to draw thegame. Endeavour to discover how this is accomplished,beginning by playing the Rook to K. B's 8th square, givingch eck, & c .



32 CHE~S-PIAYER'~ HANnnOOK.

~VIOTHLREDMATENo 16

llTA('J{

' J l118 1& a f'umh ir ex-impk of sJllotltelPu mate which )<.lU

\\111 find can be dfett(d by no other Pn ee than the Kmght

White to fir-t move I., QU(ln to her 5th f'>quare, checking

Blac], l~ obhge d to T( tn, '\t hi-, luug to the It., "q, because.

"l"e he to play him to }11~B""q the Q \\ auld checkmate

at once Upon the 1.mg Htn mil. 'VIllte glH..chock \\ ith m i lKt at K B., 7th tln-. brmg-, the lung back agam to Knight "

sq • and afford .. to W11.1tl an opportunity of h"l.vmg do uble e he c k ,which he docs b) moving the Knight to K Rook s 6th, check-

mg wrth both Q and 1.mght , d'! before the Kmg mu ..t go to

Rook s sq , and no" follows a beautiful move-s-Whrte playshIS Queen dow n to K Iit ~ 8th (nl:!..t ..quare to the Black

Kmg), gtvmg eln-ek, the KlIl~ cannot take on account of the



TECHNICAL n:RMS. 38

Knight; he is compelled. therefore, to capture with his Rook,and the Knight then gives the smothered mate at K. B's 7th

square.

STALEMATE.

i 'Qo. 11 .

WHITE.

l Icre you observe that White has the ~reat advnntazo of aQueen a~ail1st a Honk; 1 : - at with all this, and the move to boot,

It is impossible for him to d« more than draw the ~allll'. ItIS evident that he cannot move his {.[t1C'C'1l from the front ofhis King on account of exposing' him to (·h('l'],;with tho Hoole

Ifhe move his King, Black takes the (1tlPen. and tltt· galIt· isdrawn. And lastly. if I t' take the Hook with his QU<'t'Il. heplaces the adverse" King 'n the position 1I0fo1'e described 01

.~tatemale.



84 CHESS-l'LA YEa'S HANDBOOK.

('HAFTER IV.

ON THE UELATIYE VALUE OF THE C"HESS

}'OHCES.

AN attempt to establish a scale of power~ whcrebJ: the leI&..tive values of the sewralmcn could be estimated with mathe-matical exactitude, although it has frequently engaged theuttention of scientific min (h. appears to he an expenditure ofingenuity and research upon an unattainable ?bjeet. So ~,:ervarying, so much dependent on the mutations of positionwhich t"'('TV mox e oecuvions, awl on the augmented powerwhich it a;:quiTl'~\\hen combined with other forces, is theproportionate worth of thi .. with that particular man, that itwould seem to bc beyond the reach of computation to devisea formula by which it can be reckoned with precision, Butstill ar approximation to correctness has been made, and the

result arrived at gin's the following as the ultimate respec-tive values:-

P aw n = 1.00

Kmaht = 3.05

TII,hop = 3.50

Rook ~ 5.48

Queen = 9.94

Thi King, from the nature of the game, which does not

admit of his being exchanged or captured, is invaluable, andhe is not, therefore, included in the calculationsThe Pawn, it is seen, is the least valuable of all the men,

the Knight being worth at least three Pawns.The Bishops and Knigbt» are practically considered of equal

value, although there ill a difference in the estimate heregiven.

. A Rook is of the value of five Pawns and a fraction, and

may be exchanged for a minor Piece and two Pawns, TwoRooks may be exchanged for three minor Pieces.'I'he Queen is usually reckoned equal, in average situations,

to two Rooks and a Pawn, but towards the end. of a game sheis hardly so valuable as two Rooks.These comparative values may be of service to the student



RELATIVE VALUE OF THE ClUSS FORCES. 35

ingeneral cases of exchanging men, but he will find in prac-tice the relative worth of his soldiers is modified by so many

circumstances of time, opportunity, and position, that nothingbut experience can ever teach him to determine accurately inevery case" which to give up and which to keep."

CHAPTER V.

THE LAWS OF THE GAME.

THE following Laws, with sometrifling variations, have beer.

in general use for the last fifty years. They have recentlybeenrevised by a committeeof the London ChessClub,estab-

lished in 1807; and are now universally adopted by all the

chess clubs of Great Britain.

I.

The chess-board must be so placed that each player hasa white corner square nearest his right-hand, If the hoard

have been improperly placed, it must be adjusted, providedI C l U r moves on each side have not been played. but not after.

wards.

II.

If a Piece or Pawn be misplaced at the beginning of the

gam!', either player may insist upon the mistake beingrectified, if he discover it before playing his fourth move, but

not afterwards.

III.

Should a player, at the commencement of the game, omit

to place all his men on the board, he may eorreet the

omissionbeforeplaying his fourth move, but not afterwards.

IY.If a player, undertaking to give the odds of a Piece or

Pawn, neglect to remove it fromtheboard, his adversary,aftt...

four moves have been played on each side, has the choiceat

proceeding with 01' recommencing the gamt:D2



3li ell ESS-PLA.YER'S HAN nnoox,

Y.

When no odds are ~iYl'n, the plnycrs must take the firstmove of' each game nltematoly. drawing lots to deteriuine

w ho shall l)('gin the first gamt'. If a glllllt' be drawn, the

player who begun it has the first move ser the following

one.

1 ' 1 .

Thc player who P ' i V l 'o ; the odds. has tIJ(' right of moving

first ill ea('h ~ram('. unlc-s othorwiso agrc('d. Whenever a

Pawn is givcn, it i l l understood to be always tho King's

Bishop's I'awn.

YII.

A Piece or Pawn touched must hr played, unless at the

moment of touching it the pla~'l'rsay" -Fadoube:" or words

to that (·til'et : but if a Puce or I'aum " f displaced or oV(!1 ·tu rned

by accident, it II/{/!! be re.~to;'tt. to its place.

YIII.

While a player holds the l'ip(,l' or Pawn he has touched,

he may phy it to any othr-r than illP squar(> ho took it from;

but, having quitted it, he cannot recall the move.

IX.

Should a pluycr take OIH' of his ndvorsary's Pieces or Pawn»without ~a\"ill(\' "J "adnuhc;" or words to that dfpC't, his

adversary illay eompol him to tal«- it; but if it canuot be

l('~any taken, II(' ma," olJ}i~(' him to move tho King; should

hi~ King, howevr-r. lx- H) posted that he cannot be it'gally

I lH!YCd , 110 penalty call ill' inflicted.

Should a player move 011(' of his adversary's men, hi.I lutag-oni . , t has 11H'op tion o f compelling him-c-Ist, to replace

the l'iP('(' or Pawn and move his King; 2nd, to replace the

Piece or Pawn and tuke it; 3rd. to let the Piece or Pawn

remain on the square to which it had been played, as if thelIJO\ e were correct.



J,AWS OF TlfF. GAME. 31

XI.

If a player take one of his adversary's men with one of hisown that cannot take it without making a false move, his anta-~oniKthas the option of compelling him to take it with a Pieceor Pawn that can legally take it, or to move his own Pieceor Pawn which he touched,

XII.

Should a player take one of his own men with another,Iris adversary has the option of obliging him to move either,

XIII.

If a player make a false mow, i. e., pJay a Piece or Pawnto any square to which it cannot le~ally he moved, hisadversary has the' ehoie« of three ponnltios ; viz., 1st, of corn-polling him to let tho Picco or l':t\\ 11 remain on the Rquar!'to which he played it; 211(1,to mOH correctly to another

squan'; 3rd, to replace the Piece or Pawn and move' hisKing.

XIV.

Should a player mcve out of his turn, his adversary maychoose \Ihether both moves shall remain, or the second heretracted.

XV.

"TJIt:'n a Pawn is firvt moved in a game, it may he pln~1',1one or two squares; but ill the latter case the opponent hasthe privilege of taking it ('/I passon! with allY Pawn whichcould have taken it had it been play{·a one "quare only. APawn cannot be taken ('II pus"ant hy a Piece.

XVI.

A player cannot castle in tlu- following cases :-1. If' the King or Itook have been moved.2. If the Kill~ be in chock.3. If' there be any Piece between the King and Rook.4. Ifthe King PltSK OYC!' any square attackcd by one of the

adversary's PiCCCll or Pawns.



38 CHESII-PLAYEa'S HANDBOOK.

Should a player castle inany of ~he ab?"e cases, hi.s Il;d,'~-sary has the choice ?f three penalties; ~·lZ., Ist, of insisting

that the move remam ; 2nd, of compelling him to move theKing; 3rd, of compelling him to move the Rook.

XVII.

If a player touch a Piece or Pawn that cannot be movedwithout leaving the King in check, he must replace the Pieceor Pawn and move his Killg'; but if the King cannot be

moved , no pcmlty can be inflicted.

XVIII.

If a player attack the adverse King without saying.. Check," his adversary is not obliged to attend to it; but ifthe former, in playing his next move, were to 8Uy .. Check,"each player must retract his last move, and he that is undercheck must obviate it

XIX.

If the King has been in check for several mows, and itcannot be ascertained how it occurred, the player whoseKing is in cheek must retract his last move and free hisKing from the check; but if the moves made subsequent tothe check be known, they must be retracted.

XX.;;:'houlda player say "Check," without giving it, and his

adversary, in consequence, move his King, or touch a Piece0; Pawn to interpose, he may retract such move, providedhis adversary have not completed his last move.

XXI.

Every Pawn which has reached the <'ighth or last squareon the chess-board, must be immediately exchanged for a

(lueen or any other Piece the player may think fit, eventhough all the Pieces remain on the board. It follows, there-fore, that he may have two or more Queens, three or moreHooks, B ish op s, or Knights.



40 CIIESS-PLAYER'S HA.Nnn001L

CU.&rTER VI.

GEXEltAL }{ULE~ AXD ORSERV ATIONS

CONCERNING THE KING.

1 t l~ mostly nrlvisnblc to ra~tl(' the Kiu~ pretty early ill

the :.?;alU('. anrl to do so 011 tho Kil1~'R side, lxx-ause he it' 10Msubj<,!'t to all attack, aIHI better able to repel one Gil that side

thuu tlu- othcr-c-nevcrtlx-k-«, it frequently huppons, that II

player by (,:I,tlilli.\' Oil th« (~W'(,ll'S sirlr-, is ('nahl('d to make a

Iormiduhlo :I"HU!t Oil the mIl el'~(, 1"':ll~, by throwing forward

his Ki llg "'S tla llk Puwu-, When tho (,!ueells an' exohnngod

off ' mrly ill til<' g':l1lH'. it j>.(ofu-n well to m ow the King to

K, lrs :!lHl '(111:1]'(\ and il l that wa~' In'jllg tho Hooks into play,

instead of ('a,tlill~, h(,(,;Ill'l' thcr« i- . thr-n less danger to the

Kiug, ami Ill' lllar lxx-om« a vnluahh: auxiliary during the

remainder of lit" light. [II ca~tlillg-, move the King beforeyou tOIl(,1t the Hook.

Be f~'arflll. \\'I1I'n ra,tkd 011 tho Kinl-(s side. of permitting

an adverse Knig-ht to g-ain ;,ati' P(h"l'~~ioll of yom' Kmg'sBishop's -lth squur«, and renu-mber that it is seldom prudent

in an illt'\p"ri(,I1(,(>cl phl)'l'!' to udvuucc tho Pawns OIl the sidehi:-;King- has ('a"tlPt1.

Be caut iuu;, of jllayill~ your (lU(,(>ll ill front of your King.

N'CYl'l' ,uhi"d \ ourv-lf to a discorerer ! ( ' / I ( ' ( - k . Itis better wl.encheck is ~\t'll' ttl ;,()lll' Kin~~ to iun-rpo-o a mall that attacks

the ch('e],ill!.!; Pi(·(·(·than \Iith one that clops not, Bownn: of

gi \ ill~ Il~(,ll'~s eltl'eks to ~'Olll' :\(I\-c1',.a1")":'King. hut whr -n ,

11.\'clJ('ckillg-, you can ohligt' him to IllOV!',' and thus deprive

Jm~ of' tho l'ig-ht to (·a>.(tk, it i" i!,·l'lll.'rally good play to do so,

It ], ;'OIllNillll'S u-oful to g-in' a M'l'il'S of chocks, and even

!»:t('rili('l' a Pil'('t', to foreo tlu- King into the middle of the

board, ,,]](,1'(> ]1(' lIlay be ~uhj<:ctcd to the attacks of your othermen,

Do not in all cn~('s tak(' an eneinv's Pawn which "Landsbeforeyour King.-it may ;'('1"\-(' ~()Jll('tim('s as a protection to him ;and hC'a1' ill mind that towards tho termination of a g-arne,

especially when the superior Pieces have been taken off the



GENERAL RUJ,ES AND llBIiERVATTONS. 41

nt'ld, the King should be made to compensate for his previous

inactivity, by bpillif busily clIgagpd. TIll' filt(' of t1H;'game is

then dopendout for t i l l > most part on the skill displayed in themanugorueut of the King.

CONUNRNING TIl E QUEEN.

The QIll'(,1I j" 1-;0powerful and important a Piece at chess

that she should r:m'ly lx- employed to defend or attack anypoint if you can do it as well with a subordinate.

It is lint good to play the Uuel'n out into the ganll' at theb<'gillning. !J('(':UN' xhc can h(' attnckcd by inferior Pieces, and

is eonipclkxl to retire with the loss of lIla ny 1 I1O \'l'S .

Be careful, too, when nbout to capture a di-tuut Pawn or

Piece, that YOU rio not 1'1'1II0\"(' your q,w'PII too fill' from the

innuediun- p;)illt of :let ion. A (·l~'\('1' player will often permit

you to will II 1 ' aw11 with th« Q1I('('II, that lu- lIlay prevent her

returning ill time to rescue your King' from his attack. The

powl'r of the Qm'e11 is wonderfully grmtl'r when she is aided

and protected by other l'it'('l'~han when ~Ill' goes forth unsup-

ported; it is gellerally injmlieiou;;. therefore, to make an attack

with her unless in combination with son Ie other ofyuur forces.

CONCERNING TIlE ROOK.

The Rook is a most important officer, )'('t few players ever:

muong th« lll'~t avail thcuu-elvcs sufficiently of his power.

1-1l' has seldom much H('Opt' fill' action in the early part of the!'ngag'ellll'llt, hut wlu-n tho f idel i - , thinned no time should be

lost ill hritlf.\'iu~ him into action. You should thou endeavour

to double yUill' Rool,s, that is. to place thetu om' before the

other on the sunu- fill': in this situation, mutually sustaining

one another, their IJuil'ncy Oil a dear field is equal to theQueeu·s.

:t is usually good play to got command of an oj>t 'n f i le . that

is to say, Itfill' which is occupied by no other mar ••by stationinga Hook at onc end of it. When you have thus gained

poasession of tho fill', should your opponent try to dispossess

you of it. by playing one of' his Hooks 011 the same fill', it isfrequently better to defend with yow' other Rook than to take

his or remove ~'our own. You will often embarrass your ad-



42 CHE"S-PLAYER'S HANDDOOK.

versary, too. if you can manage to post a Rook on hi" second

rank. !lay at ~'our King's 7th or Queen's 7th square. In thIS

position he grneraliv mnses an attack on the Pawns unmoved,snd compels the el1emy tv lose tune in defending them, while

vou can bring more forces into action.

. One of the strongest reasons for playing out your Pieces

early in the battle, is, that while at home they are not only

themselves inuetivc, but they utterly retard tho movements of

your Hooks. In an unskilfully developed gam!' it is a commonoccurrence to see the victory won before the defeated player',

Rooks have ovvr moved.

CONCERNING TfIE BISHOP.

"When the game is opened by eaeh party with King's Pawn

to King's 4th squar!.', the ] {in .q ·s B i.I/lOp is somewhat superior

to tho Quem's, because it can be sooner brought into play, and

may he made to bear immediately on the King's weuk point,

his Bishop's Pawn. It is desirable therefore gl'lIcrally to ex-

change your Queen's Bishop or QUl'en's Knight for the ad-

versary's King's Bishop. The King's Bishop should rarely or

Devor be played to the Queen's 3rd square before the Queen's

Pawn is moved. IIiI' he ..t position, a'S we have remarked

above, is to (~ueen's Bi ..hop's 4th ~qnare. where he uttneks

the opponent's King's Bishop's Pawn. If your antagonist

then ehnllongos an exehan~e of Bishops by moving- his Queen's

Bishop to King-'s 3rd square, it is not always prudent to

accept it, because although you rna)' double the Pawns on his

King's file, you at the same time afford him an OPPII range for

his Kin!7's Rook when ne has castled, The best play in such

!l.e~sc. is, thpl'pfol'e, to retreat yuur King's Bishop to Queen's1 1 1 1 1 g l t t s :l1·d s q u a r e .

Be careful, as a ~en('ral rule. in an open game, not to move

y~ur QU('('Il'S Pawn o~le b<{llarebefore you bring out the King's

BIshop. as hy 1'0 doinjr you kaYe him hut the l{ill_q'.~ 2nd

Sl)fWl'e on which to move, and there his position is defensiverather than attacking.

If strong ill Pawns towards the conclusion of the game. en-

?ea,'our to grt rid of the enemy's Bishops, because they can

Impede the march of your Pawns more readily than either th e

l.ooks or Knights



4 4 CTmss-pJ.AYI,:R'!1 HAN])BOOIL

rouud by K " 1 l 2nd sq: to the fl. Kt:« 3rd, where he exercisesa ypry important influence, by threatening, whenever the

square is left unguarded, to post himself 011 K. B's 5tft.A Kni ..ht with thn-e or four Pawns, at the end of a gam£',

has an arlvantag(' 0\'('1' a Bishop with an equal l1111n1>('1' of

Pawns, hl'(·:m;'l' he can It'ap from white to black, and thusattack the Pawns on either colourod sqnares, whereas the

Bishop cnu lltta('k tlu -m on ly w hen thl'Y move 011 squares of

the colour of hit. diagonals. III similar cirr-um-tnnccs, how-

('WI', In- is Hot :-'0useful ill defending as a Bishop or a Rook,since if forced to remove 11('('('a;.l'S to defend, while the Rook

or Bishop may retreat and still protect

CONCERNING TilE PAWNS.

Struck by the ~\('op('and }Jow('r of the higher Pieces. youn~

players couunonly overlook the homely Pawns, 01' dCPIl1 themscarcely worthy of !'l'ganl, nud are amazed to learn that theeombiu.rtions of tlll'~l'simplo olemcnts an' among the most

refinr-d anrl urduous studies of the science. Yet such is thefact, and without a thorough comprehension of their quiet hut

remarkable prcdominnnce in almost (','pry eireumstuneo of the

game, it is impossible for anyone to attain a high degree ofexcellence .

It is g'<'nprally aciYantag:eon!ooor your Pn WIIS to oecupy the

middle of' the board, bet-nuse when there thoy grcatly retardtll(' movements of tho 0PJlo~illg forces, The Kill~'s Pawn

and QIIl'l'n's Pawn, at tln-ir fourth ;.qulll'l'S. are well posted,but it is IIOt pa:-.y to maintain them ill that position, und if

you an- driven to advuncc one of them, the' power of Loth is

much dimiuisln«]. It is well, then-fore, not to Ix- too cagel'to (,,,tab]i~h two Pawns abreast ill the centre until you arefully able to su-tuin them there.

\V1Jell yon han' t\IO Pawns abreast, the King and (~lU'Cll'S,

for instance at their fourth MIlian's, should the adversaryattack one of them with a Pawn. it is oeeasionally better to

advance the Pawn that is attacked another step, than to taketht' Pawn.The Pawns, however, should seldom be far advanced. uniess

they can be properly sustained hy the Pieces. Pawns at their

fourth squares arc therefore mostly more powerful than attheir six.h



GENERAl, RULES AND OBSl:R\ATlONS. 4S

The King's Bishop's I'U"'1 having no support but that ofthe King, is usually the point to which the first attack is

directed, and more than ordinary can' should he taken 1 .0prCSl'rYC it. It is run-ly good 'play to mow the King's

Bishop's Pawn to Bi"hop's 3rd early in tho )!,'alllP.As a g<'lwrul rule, it is not advisable to move King's

Knight's Pawn or Qlll'('U'S Knight's Pawn enrlv in tho gumc,

The former played to K. Kt.'s 3 1 ' < 1 "quar!' will often allowYOill' adversary to play his (.),llCCII·S Bishop to your King's

Hook's 3rd ~(lllUn-, a dangerous move when you have castled

on Kill)!,"" side.Aft(,j' eas1;jillg, it i" g('Il!'rallypro]>pr not to move the Knight's

Pawn that is Ix-ioro your Kill)!,'.until YOIIan' ohliged.

In a <iia!!,'OIl:11ine of Pawns yon should endeavour to 1'1'('-

servo tho Puwn at tho head of them, I'a\\ us, when united,

han' gl'l'at strongth ; but when separated, their power issensiblv k-ssoru-d.A p;l;,~('d Pawu is most.y scrviceublo when supported hy

another Puwn.

A doubk-d Pawn is not in all ('n~cs a di-udvnutngo, ('spe.einllv if it i~united \Iitli other Pawns. The \\or~t kiud ofdoulil('clPawlI is om' 011 a Ilook's file; while the moxt udvan-

tagcous is the Kil1~'H B i"llOp 's Pawn doubled on the King's

tile, br-cau-« : it ~trl'ngtlll'llh your m idd le 1 '< 1 \\ns ami opells a

file for yom Kill)!,"s Ruok.The Pawn being leh'; important than a 1'ie('(', it is usuallv

better to (leJl-IHlwith it than with :t I'i('(·('. For the hllllH,l'l'a-

ROll it is likewise hotte-r to pro('('t n Pawn with a Pawnthan with a Piece. Xo I'ie(,l' can iuu-rpo-« In-tween the attackof a PUWll, it can tll('l'dim' frequentlv ehcr-k the King' with

grpat advnntngo.13l' cautious gl'llerall.v of ndvaur-ing the Pawns far OIl oithor

Hide, till you hec 011 which your opponent cu-tk-s : and 1'('-

member, when npproaehing' the PHd of a ~anw, where you

have Pawns, or even a I'uwn, a)!,'uill~ta minor Piece, that you

may win, but that your opponent, except in Y('ry rare cases,

eunnot. and that two I'uwns ill allY situatiou can protec t

themeelrc« u~ain"t tho UUVel 'R ! 'K i l l~ .

We shall conclude tho present Chuptr-r with an attempt todefine mathematically the ar-tion awl pow('rs of' the ('1H'8s-

men, taken from .. The Choss.Pluycrs Chronicle," vol ii.p.383.



46 CHESS.PLAYER·S HANDBOOK.

MATHEMATICAL DEFINITIONS OF THE MOVES AND

POWERS 0 1 < ' THE CHESS.MEN.

'! 'he moves and attacking powel'6 of the several Pieces are detenniucd

by Iiue, direction, and Inun ,

The Imes 01 movement and attack on the ches ••board are threefold,

viz.:-1. The sides of _quare••2. The diagonals of '1f"8r~q.3. The diagonals of parallelograms of six sqnar('s, i. e . , 3 by 2.

The directtons of movement and attack are fourfold-forward, bRCk.ward, lateral, and diaeon.d.The limits of movement and attack are threefold :-1. When confined to adjaceut squares,2. Extending over the whole hoard.3. Confined to the oppr-site ~'lnare, of parallelogrums, 3 by 2.The line of movement and attack are romcident for all the Pieeee

ncept the Pawn :" who«: lm« 01 IllOl101I i.one square forward along theI'tlio, ann their line of nttar-k 0111' "Iuarl' forward diagonally.The KIN(,'. hne of motion and attdck is one square in every directiou,

forward aud l.ackward, lute ral and diagonal.The Q{1J<:l'N'~ line of motion and attack are all along both the sides and

the diagonal, or "quare. ill ('very direction, to the extremity of the board:

thus combining those of the Rook and Bishop.The Roo K' S hne of motion and attack i,along the s i < l e t l of squares in

everv direction, to the extremity of the board.The BlbHOP'b line (If motion and attack is alonll' the diagonals of

p<;1llIres in ('very direction, to the evtremity of the board.

The KNIGHT'S line of motion and attack i < along the diagonals \){

paraIlelogram~, 3 by 2, in every direction, to the opposite square.

CIIAPTEJ. VII.

MAXIMS AND ADYICE FOR AN INEXPERIENCED

PLAYER.

'f~ER}: is nothing that will improve you so much as playmgWIth good players; never refuse, therefore, when any oneoffers you odds. to ncer-pt them: you cannot expect a pm -ficient to feel much interest in playing with you upon eve1.



UAXU1S AND ADVICE. 47

terms, and as you are sure to derive both amusement andinstruction from him, it is but fair that he should name the

conditions. It will soon happen that you yourself will beable to give odds to many amateurs whom you meet; whenthis is the cuse, avoid, if possible, playing them eren, or yonare likely to acquire an indolent, neglectful habit of play,which it will be \ cry difficult to throw off. When youcannot induce such play..rs to accept odds, propose to playfor a small stake : and they will soon be glatJ.to take all theadvantages you can offer. Be always careful, before begin-

ning a gmne, that the men on both bides are properlyarranged.Never permit your hand to hover OWl' the board, or indeed

to approach it, until you have completely made up your mindwhat Piece to rnove ; a contrary habit begets a feeling ofindecision that is fatal to SUCCl'SS. Play invariably aceordingto the laws of the game, neither taking hack a move your-self, nor allowing your opponent to recall one. Do not

exhibit impatience when your adversary is long in makinghill move. His slowness is a tacit compliment to yourskill, and enables you to play with proportionate quick-ness, because while he is meditating on his next step youcan take advantage of the time to consider what shall he yourrejoinder; besides, it is absolutely necessary for every onedesirous of excelling at chess to play slowly. Mr. Lewisaptly remarks, .. It is no doubt desirable to play well andquickly, but I scarcely ever knew a very good player who was

not also a slow one; and indeed, how can it well be other-wise? A fine player examines occasionally from five totwenty or more moves on each side: can this be done ill amoment? It is easy enough to play quick against inferiorplay; but agninst equal and very good play one cannot playquick without losing."Learn to play indifferently either with the white or black

men. Do not play too many games at a sitting-and never

Ruffer the loss of a game to occasion you much disquietude.Think of how many thousand games a Philidor must havelost before he attained his highest excellonce ; besides, the lossof one well-fought game with a fine practitioner will do moretowards your improvement than the gain of ten lightskirmishes with weaker players than yourself. Endeavour to



48 CHES~-PJ ..\YER'S HANnnOOK.

play all your Pieces equally well. Many young players havea predilection for a particular Piece, as the Kuight or tha

Queen, and lost' both time and position ill tl}'ing to preventexchanges of their favourite, III opening your gall1(" ;ndea~your to bring )'OU1' superior Ofli('('J'b into action !'peedily, but

avoid all premature attacks. '1'a1\(' care not to play a Piece

to a square where it impedes the action of another, and

beware of venturing an unsupported Piooe in the adversary's

game.If sul\j('('tpd to It violent attack, you Jll~~yften disconeert

your opponent hy cOlupplliug the l'x('lutll.';o of two or throoPieces. \\1\('n, however, ~ou ar« about to exchange officers,

you must enleuluto not {)Ill~ their ordinary value, hut their

peculiar worth in the ;,ituatioll in quc-tiou r for example, a

Rook is g('IIt 'raliy more valuable thnn It Knight or a Bishop ;

hut it will 1l:1P]lt 'fl, that h:r n.' l ll1l1~ing 11 Ilook for one of

the latter you Illay greatly improve yom' g-:Ulle.

It is mostly good play to l':l.dlallg·(, tlu- Pieces off when you

arc superior ill ]>0\\('1', »0 that when you have the odds of a

Picc(' giH'1l to you hy 11 finished player, yOll should endeavourto exchange us oltou as you call ('on~i»tl'lItlv with safotv,

'Vhell au ('x("h:lIlge of two or more Pieces ;Ippmrs inevitable,

look clo~dy to ~('!' \\ I IPt ln-r it is better for VOl!to take' first or

·,0 emil]>!'!'youI' opponent to do so, \Yh(,l~ one of the enemv

is complddy in )0111' po\\"('r, do not he too eager to make thecapturo-c-tlu-ro Ill;))" p('rhap" b< ' a move of importance whichyou can nuil«- hofon- you take him. Ilcwnre ul-o of ;.natf'llmg'

hastily 11 prom'red man, it mav 1)(' nnlv given a~ a bait to catcha more important :l(h anta~l' f~'(llll you:

If" at till' end of 11!_\ 'anl l ' you remain with Pawus atruinst a

Knig-ht and find it di{fipult to ('\"ad(' hi" repeated ('Ill'~ks, re-

collect that by phH 'ing ) our I":ing-on tho snme <iiag-ollnlas the

Knight. with lJ11toue in te rven ing- sql1 arp between them, that

yon cannot :1!!ain be ("11l'('l,('d undr - r three moves.

When you huvo lost a g-a11l( 'which lHt~('o~t yon ~r('at atten,

tion, it is It~ood practice tu p1ay it over niu-rwar.I» in private',and endeavour to <li'cm"('r wlH:rp the ('1"1'01' occurred throuch

. ' "which ~"our opponr-nt ~aill('d his first advantage. '111iscustom

will improve both ~Olll' mellJory and Y O H r play.

Comparing »mall thill~s with great OIleR,never forget that ill

chess, as ill modem warfare, one of tl.c most important



MAXIMS AND ADVlCE. 49

lItratngems is the art of gaining time upon the enemy. In this

respect. us indeed in many ot1 -rs, the broad principles which

an' laid down by tho highest mi itaryauthorities as the basis ofoperations in a campaIgn arr applicable to the management

of your forces on the chess field. From the 'ii'aile de GrandTactique of' Geucrul Jomini, wc gather that the art of war, as

exemplified by Buonnparte, consisted in the propl'r application

of three eombinutions-s-first, thc art of disposing the lines of

operation in the most ndvantagcous manner ; secondly, in a

skilful concentration of the forces with the greatest possible

rapidity upon the most importar+ point of the enemy's line ofoperations : and thirdly, that . combining the simultaneous

employment of this nccumulatcd -ree upon the position against

which it is directed. No pIa:' of great skill can fail to see

that we have lu-re the key to the .Jaf.is of oticnsive movements

in the battle of chess. 'Nor, to carry en tho parallel, arc the

principles which direct defensive operations on the grander

field in any (kgree less capable of application. .. It is an

aeknowledgod principle," !<aysanother able writer 011 the sub-

jed, "that the bnse of' a plan of' attack should form the bes t

possible line of defonce ; awl this fundamental rule cannot beviolated with impunity, sinc« nothing is more embarrassing

zhan a sudden transition from offensive to defonsive operations,

when false IIII'a~lll'('Sor an unfortunate turn of affairs may have

overset the plans of all at-sault:'

'Vit11 l'wry allowance 1.)1' tho amazing disparity in the im-portancc of the individuals am) tho nnurnitud« of' tho ol\jef'ts at

stake, thoro is an Hnalogy obscrvubk-, too, in tho uhilities roqui-site for the conunaud of armies and the p{'rfl'l'tly first-ratemnnu-u vriug of t11('mimic warriors of tho choss-board. 11 lC

eommaudcr of an arlllY mu-t poss('~s 110t IPss a profound

nequnir nnee with the g't'lI('l'aI principles which rl'gllIate the

conduct ) f It long nnr l tedious campaign, thun with those that

are call,« into requisition in actual conilict. Ill' IIlU ..it Ill'

able equally to arraugc tho plan of pn-liminary operations-e-tc

act at once and with dl'ei"ioll in ('ll~('S of the most I)]'essin~emergency, and on the occurrence of tho most unforeseen

evcuts=-to judgo of the impoi tanco of It position and of thestrcrurth of an intronchmont-e-to discover from the slightest

indicatio- s the designs of the enemy, while his own are im-

penctruble-c-and at the same time to preside with unshaken



PRELIMINARY GAME. 51

wil l b e time for you to direct your attention to that most im-portant feature in the game of chcss-the art of opening tho

game.There are several modes of beginning the game, but the

following are the principal :-1st . Each player hegins by moving his Kill_q's Pawn tc

fling's 4th sqllarp, and the first player then moves Kilty's Kni!lill

to King's Bishop:« 3rd lI'luare. This is called the Ki,~g'8Kni!/ht's opming.2nd. Bach player commences hy moving his Ilin.l/s Pawn

to King's A th square, and then he who 1m'S the first. move plaYII]{m,r/s Bishop to Qlleen's Ilishop:« 4tlt S'1I1I1I'£'. This is knownas the llin.g's BisllOp',~ openinq,

3rcl. Bach player opens with Killg's Pau-n to King's 4tlt square,

and the first plays QII('f'Il'slJis/top's Pawn to IJi.~llOp·s3rd square

This is termed the Q,,('en'.~ lJislwp's ]'1111'11'8pening.

4th. Each player J)('gin~ with Kill,q's Pawn to King's 4th

square, and the first follows with Kill,r/8 Bi.~l/Op·s Pawn to

Bishop's 4tl1 squarl'. This is called the llill_q'.Y,gambit.

Of these four openings on the I{in,q's .;it/(' there are manymodifications, of which each hus its appropriate appollation ;

there are also several openiuus Ill·gan on the QUl'l'n'S side. allof which will he duly treated of in the following page~: but

the four above-named ar« those mo-t gl'lIt'ntlly practised,and with them you should be thoroughly conversant before

advaneing further.

('HAPTER IX.

PRELnfINAltY GAME.

PREPARATORY to tho investigation of the several openings

treated of ill the following' Chaptor«, it may not he uninstructive

to give a short game which shal! exhibit tho application of

some tcehuieul phrases in use at chess, and at the same time

show a few of the most prominent ('1'1'01'8 into which an iuex-poricnced player is likelv to fall.

In this gan;e, as in ali the unnlvscs which follow, the reader

will he supposed to play the White Pieces and to haw the first

move, although. as it has been before remarked. it is advi-able

E!l



52 CHESS-PL'A.YER 8 HA.NDBOvX..

for you to accustom yourself to play with either Black orWhite, for which purpose it is well to practise the attack, first

with the White and then with the Black Pieces.WHITE. DLACK.

1. K's P. to K's 4th.. 1. K's P. to K's 4th.

When the men nrc first arranged in battle order, it is seenthat the only Pieces which have the power of moving arc theKnights, and that to liberate tho others it is indispensablynecessary to move a Pawn. Now, as till' King's Pawn, onbring moved, gives freedom both to the Quccn and to the

King's Bishop, it is more frequently played at the beginningof the game than any other. You will remember, in speakingof the Pawns it was shown that on certain conditions theyhave the privilege of going either one or two stops when theyare first moved,

2. K's B. to Q. D's 4th. 2, K's B. to Q. B's 4th.

'Thus far the game illustrative of the h:ing',~BIshop's openingis COITcCtlypgan. Each party plays his King's Bishop thus,

because it attacks the mo-t vulnerable point of the adverseposition, viz., the 11il1g'sBishop's Pawn,

3. Q. B's Pawn to B's3rd. 3. Q's Knight to B's3rd,

In playina this Pawn your objcet is afterwards to playQueen's Pawn to Queen's 4th !>quarc, and thus establishyour Pawns in the ecntre ; hut mack foresees the intentionand think'! to prevent its execution by bringing anotherPiece to bear upon the square.

4. Q's Pawn to Q's 4th. 4. Pawn takes Q's Pawn.

5. Q. B's Pawn takes Pawn. 5. K's B. takes Pawn.

Here you have played without <lUI' consideration. Black'sthird move of Queen's Knight to Bishop's 31'd square was abad one, and uffordod you an opportunity of gaining a strikingadvantage, but omitting this, you have enabled him to gain a

• This is a slight departure from the notation commonly adopted by

modern chess authors in England, who describe the moves of the Pawnsby the number of steps they make, as King's Pawn tsro squares, Quun',lJi8hop'lI Paw", Qne sqf,are; a method, however, which is found em -l>arTassing in toe case of two Pawns on the same file. The present modelis not hable to this objection, and appears to be equally expressive and more

{'onsistent and uniform with the deacription of the movements of tht!Piece••



PR"'LIMINA.RY GA.llE. 63

valuabl(>Pawn for nothing. Observe, now, yow' reply to histhird move was good enough, (4. Queen's Pawn to Queen's

4th square), but when he took your Pawn with his, instead oftaking again, you ought to have taken his King's Bishop'sPawn with your Bishop, giving check: the gamc would thenmost probahly have gone on thus:-

5. x» B. takes K. B'B Pawn (ch.) 5. K. takes Bishop.6. Q ul'en to K. ll's 5th (check). 6. K. to hisB'.Iquanr .7. Qw~en takes K'8 Bishop (check).

In this variation, you see Black has lost his King's Bishop',

Pawn, and what is worse, has lost lti.~pl'il'ill'lle o f castling, bybeing forced to move his King; and although for a moment hehad gained a Bishop for a Pawn, it was quite clear that hemust lose a Bishop in return by the check of the adverse Queenat King's Rook's 5th square. It is true that he need nothave taken the Bishop, but still his King must have moved,and White could then have taken the King's Knight with hisBishop, having always the better position.

But now to proceed with the actual game :-6. K's Knightto K. B's 3rd. 6. Qneento K.B's 3rd.

Bringing out the Knight is good play; you not only threatento win his Bishop, but you afford yourself an opportunity ofcastling whenever it may be needful. Black would haveplayed better in retiring the Bishop from the attack to Queen'sKnight's 3rd square then in supporting it with the Quecn.

1. Knight takes Bishop. 'I. QueentakesKnight.

Both parties played well in their last moves. You rightlytook off the Bishop, because supported by the Qu(>enhemenacedyour Qucen's Knight's Pawn, and Black properly retook withhis Queen instead of the Knight, because having a Pawnahead, it was his interest to exchange off the Queens.

8. Q's Knight to Q's 2nd. 8. K's Knight to B's 3rd..

You played correctly here in not exchanging Queens, andalso in protecting your Bishop and yom' King's Pawn, both of'which were attacked by the adverse Queen; but all this mighthave been done without impeding the movements of any ofyour Pieces, by simply playing Queen to King's 2nd sq.;as it is, the Knight entirely shuts your Queen' s Bishop from



54 CHESS-PLAY.ER'S HANDBOOK.

the field. Black properly brings another Piece to the attackof your King's Pawn :-

9. K. B's Pawn to B's 3rd. 9. Q's Knight to King's 4th.

In protecting the King's Pawr, with your K. Bishop's Pawn,you are guilty of a wry common ('ITOI' muong young players;as you improve, you will find that it is rarely good play tomove the K. Bishop's Pawn to the third square--in the pre-Bent instance, for example, you have deprived yourself of thepow('r of castling, at least for some time, since the adY!>1'II8Quct'n now commands the wry square upon which your King,

in castling on his own side, has to move. Black's lust move ismuch more sensible. He again attacks your Bishop, and bythe same mow brings his Q's Knight into co-operation withthe King's, 011 the weak point of your position :-

10. Pawn to Q. Kt.'s 3rd. 10. Q. takes Queen's Rook.

This is a serious blunder indeed. In your anxiety to save thethreatened Bishop, whieh you feared to withdraw to Q. Kt.'s3rd sq.. on account of the adverse Knight's giving check at

your Queen's 3rd square, you have actually left your Q'sRook en prise I Black takes it, of (,()Ul'S(', and having gainedsuch an important advantage, ought to win easily.

11. Castles, (i. e., plays K. to 11. Q's Kt. takes Bishop.hisKt.'s sq., and Rookto K. B.'s sq.)

12. Kt. takes Kt. 12. Castles.13. Q. to her 2nd. 13. Q. B's Pawn to B's 4th.

Your last move is very subtle; finding the mistake that Blackhad committed in not retreating his Qut'en directly after win-ning the Rook, you determine, if possible, to prevent herescape by gaining command of all the Rquares she can moveto. Seeing the danger, Black throws forward this Pa,,'D toenable him, if possible, to bring the Queen off, by playing herto her 5th aq., giving check.

14. B:snop to Q. Kt.'s 2nc. 14. Q. takes Q. R'. PaWJI.

TIns move of the Bishop 18 well timed: it does not, to hesure, prevent die Queen from escaping for a move or two. butit gives you an attack, and very great command of the field,

15. Q. to K. Kt.'s 5th. 15. Knight to K.'s sq.

Very well played on both sides. By playmg the Queen to K.Kt.'s 5th, you threatened to win his Knight by at once taking



PREJ,IMINA.RY GA.ME. 55

it with your Bishop, which he could not retake without open.

ing cheek on his King. Instead of 1;0 moving, you migM

have played the Knight to Q. Hook's ,')th !lq., in which ease,by afterwards moving the Hook to Q. Rook's square, it wouldhave been impossible for his Queen to get away.

16. Q. to King's 3rd. 16. K. R's Pawnto R's 3rd.

You prudently retreated your Queen to guard her Knight's

Pawn, which it was important to save, on account of its pro-

section to the Knight. Black played the King R's Pawn to

prevent your Queen returning to the same post of attack,

17. K. R's P. to R's 3rd. 17. K. to his R's sq.

Here are two instances of what is called "lost time" at chess,

neither move serving in the slightest dq...rce to advance the

game of tho player. That you should have overlooked the

opportunity of gaining the adverse Qu('en was to he expected.

Similar advantngos present themselves ill every game between

young players, and nre unobserved,

18. K. B's Pawnto B's 4th. 18. Q. Kt.'s Pawnto Kt.'s 3rd.

Again you have failed to sec a most important move ; you

might have taken the K. Hook's Pawn with your Queen,

giving check safely, because Black could not take your Queen

without being in check with your Bishop. All this time, too,your opponent omits to see the jeopardy his Qu('('ll is in, and

that as far a~ practical assistance to his other Pieces is COD-

eerned, she might as well be off the hoard.

19. K. Kt.'s Pawnto Kt.'8 4th. 19.Q.

Kt.'s PawntoQ.

Kt.'s 4th.Your last move is far from good. By thus attacking your

Knight, Black threatens to win a Piece, because upon playingaway the Knight you must leave the Bishop unprotected.

20. Pawn to K. Kt.'8 5th. 20. Pawn takes Knight.

Although your Knight was thus attacked. it might have been

saved very easily. In the first place, by your taking the adver-

sary's Q. B's Pawn, threatening to take his King's Rook, on

his removing which, or interposing the Q's Pawn, you couldhave taken the Pawn which attacked your Knight; or, in the

second place, by moving your Queen to ht r 2nd square. 1 f t

the latter case, if Black ventured to take the Knight, you

would have won his Quem by taking the K. Kt.'8 Pawn with

your Bishop, giving check, IlIId thus exposing his Qu('en to



56 CHESS-PLAYER'S HANDBOOK.

YOUnl. Black would haw been obliged to pr.:ry the cl celt,either by taking the Bishop or removing his Kmg, and you

would then have taken his Qucl'n. This position is W))'instructive, and merits attentive examination.

21. B. to Q. B's 3rd.

22. Pawn to K. R's 4th.21. Pawn takes Q. Kt.'s Pawn.

22. Pawn to Q. Kt.'s 7th.

In such a position, the advance of your King's flank Pawns illa process too dilatory to be wry effective.

23. Pawn to K. B's 5th. 23. Pawn to Q. Kt, 's 8th, becom-

ing a QUE'tn.

Now the fault of your tortoise-like movements with the Pawnsbecomes fatally e\·ident. Black has been enabled to make asecond Queen: and has an overwhelming force at command.

24. Rook takes QUf'en. 24. Queen takes Rook (check).

You had no better move than to take the newly-elected Queen,for two Queens must haw proved irresistible.

25. King' to his Kt.'s 2nd. 25. Kt. to QUE'E'n's3rd.26. K. Kt.'s Pawn to Kt.'s 6th. 26. P. takes Pawn,

27. P. takes Pawn. 27. Bishop to Q. Kt.'s 2nd.

Here you have given another remarkable instance of lostopportunity. At your last move you might haw redeemedall former disasters by checkmating your opponent in twomoves. Endeavour to find out how this was to be aecom,

plishcd.

28. Knight takes Kin~'8 Pawn.

29. Kt. to K. Kt.'s 4th (disco-vering check).

Up to Black's last move you had still the opportunity ofwinning the game before mentioned.

30. King to Kt.'s 3rd. 30. K's Rook to B's 6th (ch.~31. King to R's 4th. 31. Q. to K. Bisuop's 4th.

At this point you were utterlv at the mcrcy of your antago-nist, but fortunately he wanted the skill to avail himself pro-perly of his vast superiority in force and position, or he mighthave won the game in half a dozen different ways.

28 K. R's Pawn to R's 5th.2() Bishop to KIng's 5th.

32. Q. takes Rook.

33. B. takes K. Kt.'s Pswn (eh.)

This was your last chance, and

:i2. Q. takes Quem.

33. King takes Bishop,

its success should serve to



PRELIMINARY GAlliE. 67

eonvince you that in the most apparently hopeless situationsof the game there is often a latent resource, if we will only

have the patience to search it out By taking the Bishop,Black has left your King, ioho i\ not in check, no move without~oing into check, and as you have neither Piece nor Pawnbesides to play, you are stalemated, and the ~ame is DRAWN.If thoroughly acquainted with the information contained in

the preceding Chapter .., you may now proceed to the consi-deration of the opening .. ; before you do this, however, it isneees-ary to apprise you that WIthout a great abridgment of

the notation adopted in the foregoing game, it would be im-

possible to eompre.,'! within the limits of this work one-thirdof the variations which are required to be givl.n. The fol-

lowing abbreviation .. will therefore be used throughout theremainder of our HANDBOOK:-

K.Q.

R.

B .

Kt.

P.~q.adv,eh,

dIS. ch,

for Kmg.Qu~en.Rook.Bishop,Kmeht,

Pawn.square.adversary's,

check or checking.discovermg; check.

I'he word .. square" i 'l only used to distingui ..h the firstrow of !!quarc., Oil which the <uperior Pieces ...and at the com-

moneement-c-thus, we . ,ay, Kt to K's 2nd, and omit the wordsqllare; but if ' the Kt. were played to K's first square (IT R'e

{ir\t square, the move would be de-eribed not as Kt. to K's 0 'l{'s first "qua!'! ' , hut" Kt. to K's or R''l square."

ENlI OF BOOK I.



SYNOPSIS OF BOOK II.

The following are the specific appellations given to the most important'lllrieties of attack and defence which are included under the gener ic

d en om in atio n o f the KING'S KNIIIHT'S OPENING.

THE DAMIANOGAMBIT:-

1 P. to K'.4th.

• P. to K's ~th.

2 K. KI. to B'. 3rd.

• P. to K. B'. 3rd.

PHILIDOR'!I DEFENCE:-

1~~• P. to K's 4th.

2 K. Kt. to B's 3rd.

• P. to Q's srd,

PETROFF'S DEFENCE:-

1 P. to K's 4th. 2 K. Kt. to B'. Srd.

• P. to K'e sth. . K. Kt. to B's 3r4.

TJllC COUNTF.RGAMBITIN THE KNIGHT's OPENING:-

1 P:!."_K·~• P. to K's +th,

2 K. Kt. to B's S,d.

• P. to K. B'... th,

THE Gnroco PIANO:-

<) K. Kt. to B's S,d.~. Q. Kt, to B's Srd.

3 K. B. to Q. B's 4th.. X. B. to Q. B'. 4th.

CAPTAIN EVANS' GAMBIT:-

1 P. to K'.4th., p, to K'.4th.

2 K. KI. to B'. 3rd.

• Q. Kt, to B's3rd,

4. P. to Q. Kt.'. 4th.

3 K. B. to Q. " s 4th.• K. B. to Q. B's 4th •

THE Two KNIGHTS' DEFENCE:-

1 P. to K'. 4th. 2 K. Kt. to B'. 3rd. K. B. to Q. }l's 4th.

• P. to K's 4th. • Q. Kt, to B's srd. 3, K. Kt. to B's 8rd.

TilE KNIGHT'S GAMEOF RUY LOPEZ:-

1 P. to K's 4th. 2 K. Xt. to B's Sr,!: 3. x. B. to Q. Kt.'. & t h o

• P. to K'.4th. . Q. Kt, to B's srd,

THE QUEEN'S PAWN', GAME, OR SCOTCHGAMBIT:-

1 P. to K'.4th, 2 K. K~~'s Sr!!:, 3, P. to Q'. 4th.· P. to K'.4th. • Q. Kt, to B'a Srd.

TBII QUEEN'S BISHOPII PAWN'. GAMEIN THE KNIGIIT'SOPFNI:IIG-

1 ~!~ 2 ". "t. to B's 3rd. 3 p, to Q. B', Jrll.• p, to It'.fth. • Q. Ill. to B', ird. •



BOOK 11 .

CHAPTER I.

WHITE.

1. P. to Ks 4th.2. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.

Your second mow giws the name to this opening, which isone of' the most popular and instructive 01 all the variousmethods of commencing the game. The Kt., it will beobserved, at once attacks the adverse Pawn. and the defence,recommended by the best authors and the leading players ofEurope, is for Black to reply 2. Q's Kt. to Irs 3rd. He has,however. many other ways of playing. and as the examination

of these comparatively simple variations will serve to prepareyou for the more complex and elaborate combinations of thebest defences, it will be advisable to consider thorn previously.In the first place, then, Black may sustain his Pawn bynlaying-

1. P. to K. Ifs 3rc1.

2. K's B. to (·rs 31'd.3. Q. to K. B's 3rcI.4. P. to Q's 31'd.

BT.ACK.

1. P. to Ks 4th.

or, in the second place, he may leave it unprotected, andplay-

5. K's Kt. to n 'R Srd.6. K'I>B. to Q.. B's 4th.

7. P. to K. B's 4th.8. P. to Q's 4th.

lIe has thus eight different modes of play at his command,besides tne move of Q's Kt. to B's 31'<1.n answer to yourseeond move of K '$ Kt. to B's 3rd. Euen of these will Connthe subject of a separate game.



CHESS-PI.AVER'S ltANDBO,lJ[

GAME THE FIRST.

WHITE.

1. P. to Ks 4th.2. K's Kt. to n's 3rd.3. Kt. takes Ks P.

BLACK.

1. P. to K's 4t11.

2. P. to K. B's 3r~.'3. P. takes Kt.

5. Q. takes K's P. (eh.)6. B. to Q. B's 4th (ch.)

7. B. takes Q's P. (ch.)8. P. to K. R's 4th.9. P. to K. R's 5th (ch.)10. P. to Q's 4th (dis. ch.)

11. P. takes P. (in passing,

dis. eh.)And you give mate in two moves.

5. Q. takes K's P. (ch.) 5. Q. to K's 2nd.6. Q. takes R. 6. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.

He might also play-

After this capture of the Knight, Black's game is hopeless.His best move is 3. Q. to K's 2nd, 08 will be shown here-after.4. Q. to K. Ks 5th (ch.) 4. P. to K. Kt.'s 3rd.

This is his best move ; if instead of it he play K. to his 2rd,

you obtain a speedy victory; thus,-4. K. to his 2nd.5. K. to B's 2nd.6. P. to Q's 4th (best)7. K. to Kt.'s 3rd.8. K's B. to Q's 3rd.9. K. to R's 3rd.10. P. to K. Kt.'a 4th.

11. K. takes P

7. K. to Q's sq. (best)8. B.foQ.Kt..'s5th(ch.)t9. R. to K's sq.

10. P. to K. B's 3rd.And you win easily.

1. P. to Q's 4th (best) 7. Q. takes P. (ch.)8. Q's B. to K's 3rd. 8. Q. takes Q. B's P.

He had better have returned with his Q. to K's 2nd again.

9. Q. takes Kt. 9. Q. takes Q. Kt.'s P.10. K's B. to Q. B'II4th. 10. K's 13. to Q.Kt.'s 5th (cn.)

Here. too, it would have bern prudent for him to check with

the Q., and then bring her to the succour of the King.

6. Q. takes P. (ch.)7. 1'. to Q's 4th.8. K. to Q's sq. (best)9. Q's B. to Kt.'s 5th (eh.)

" This move occurs in the old work of Damiano, who gives some inge-nious variations on it. Lopez, and later authors, have hence entitled It.. Damiano's Gambit."

+ Better than taking the Kt. with Q .. on account of Black's check,

witl l Q'. B. at K. Kt.'s Mh, by which be would draw the game.



lUNG'S KNIGHT'S OPENING. 61

11. Q's Kt. to Q's 2nd.12. K. to his 2nd.

11. Q. takes R. (ch.)12. Q. takes Ks R.,

and you give mate in two moves.

The foregoing variations are dependent on Black's takingthe Kt., which is very bad play. Hit! proper move, under thecircumstances, is 3. Q. to K's 2nd. as iu the followingexample :-

WHITE. BLACK.

1. P. to Ks 4th. 1. P. to KOs-Ith.

2. Ks Kt. to B's 3rd. 2. P. to K. B's 3rd.3. K's Kt. takes P. 3. Q. to l{'s 2nd.4. K8 Kt. to B's 3rd (best) 4. P. to Q's 4th.

Itwould he bad play to check with your Q at K. R's 5thlifter his J .ove of 3. U. to K'8 2nd, because he would inter.pose the K. Kt.'s I)., and if you took this Pawn with yourKnight. he might first take K'8 P. (ch.), with his Queen, andhen capture your Knight with her.

5. P. to Q's 3rd.6. I). takes P.

7. 1 3 . t.K's 2nd.8. Kt. to (J:s 4'th.

9. Kt. takes D.lO. Castles.11. B. to Q's 3rd.

You have an excellent position.

s. P. takes K's P.6. Q. takes 1'. (eh.)7. U's B. to K. B's 4th.8. U's Kt. to B's 3rd.9, u. takes Kt.10. 1 3 . to U's 3rd.

GAME TIlE SECOND.

WHITE. m.s cx.1. P. to K8 4th. 1. P. to K's 4th.2. K8 Kt. to Irs 31'd. 2. K's B. to U,s 3rd.

This mode of defending the Pawn is highly objectionable,beeause it imprisons both the Queen's Pawn and Bishop.

3. B. to Q. B's 4th. 3. K's Kt. to rrs 3rd.4. P. to U's 4th. 4. U's Kt to Ifs 31'd.

If he take the K's P. with the Kt., you must win a Piece; forexample,-

5. P. takes P.6. Q. to her 5th.

4. Kt. takes K's P.5. B. to Q. B's 4th.

6. B. takes K. U's P. (ell.



d2 OHESS-PLAYER'S l:U.NDBOOl(.

7. K. to bis2nd. 7. Castles.B. Q. takes Kt. B. B. to Q. Kt. 8 3 . ' 1 1 .

9. Kt. to K. Kt.'s 5th,Followed by R. to B's sq., and the attack must be irresistible.

6. P. takes K's P. 5. B. takes P.

If instead of this he take tho P. with Kt., your advuntage i.more speedy and decided. (e. fl·)

6 Kt. takes Kt.;. P. to K. B's .(tll.

B. P. to K's 5th.9. Q. to K's 2nd.And you gain a Piece.

6. K's Kt, to his 5th. 6. Castles.7. P. to K. B's 4th. 7. B. to Q's 5th.8. P. to K's 5th. 8. Q. to K's 2nd.

If in place of 8. Q. to K'R 2nd, he retire the Kt., you w in by

playing the Q. to K. R 's 5th.

9. Q. to K't! 2nd. . 9. K's Kt. to K's sq.10. nto Q's 5th. 10. K'sB.toQ.Kt.'s3rd.

By moving the B. to Q's 5th, you threatened to take off theKt., and then to play Q. to K's 4th, offering mate or to winthe Bishop.

11. Q's Kt. to B's 3rd. 11. P. to K. R's 3rd.

In reply, you may now play P. to K. Irs 4th, having a capitalgame , If instead of 11. P. to R 's 3rd, he play 11. Q's Kt. to

Q's 5tll, you move 12. Q. to her 3rd, then B. to Q's 2nd, andfinally castle on the Q's side. If, however, in lieu of thatmove he play 11. B. to Q. Irs 4th, you can move 12. B. toQ's 2nd, and presently castle on the Q's side; and lastly, if

he play 11. K. to Irs sq. , then you take yow Queen to K. R's5th, and he canno t save the game.

5. Kt. takes P.6. B. takes Kt.7. B. to Q's 3rd.

8. Q. to K's 2nd.

GAME THE THIRD.WHITE. llLACK

1. P. to R's 4th. L P. to K's 4th.2. R's Kt. to BOs 3rd. 2. Q. to K. lfs 3rd.

u is seldom good to bring the Q. into play early in the game,unless for som e d ec is iv e blow, becau se she iii so easilYaBSail



XING'S KNIGHT'S OPENING. 63

able by the opponent's minor Pieces, and in attacking her hebrings his forces into action.

3. K's B. to Q. B's 4th. 3. Q. to K. Kt.'s 3ni.

Black now attacks two undefended Pawns, but he can takeneither without ruinous loss to him; for suppose on yourplaying P. to Q's 3rd, to protect the K 's P., he ventures totake the K. Kt.'s P., you immediately take the K. B'sP. withyour Bishop (eh.). If he then take the Bishop with h is King,vou attack his Queen with your Rook, and on h 'I' retiring to

ks 6th, you win her by K 's Kt. to his 5th (eh.) , On theother hand, you can leave the King's Pawn, and castle safely.

4. Castlea, 4. Q. takes K's P5. K's B. takes B's P. (ch.) 5. K, to Q's sq.

It iF!quite obvious that he would lose his Queen by th e checkof the Knight, if he took the Bishop, and if, instead of movingthe K. to Q's sq., he places him on K 's 2nd, the following

moves will show that you w in without much difficulty :-5. K. to his 2nd.

6. R. to K's sq. 6. Q. to K. B's 5th.

7. R. takes P. (cb.) t. K. takes B.*s, P . to Q's 4th. 8. Q. to K . 1 3's 3rd .9. Kt. to hi. 5th (~}I.) 9. K. to Kt.'s 3rd.10. Q. to her 3rt! (ch.) 10. K. to R's 4thII. P. to K. Kt.'s 4th (ch.)

And checkmate next move.

6. Kt. takes K's P. 6. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.

Ifhe take the Kt., you will play R. to K's sq., compelling Lim

either to take it with his Q. or be mated.

7 . K's R. to K 's ! ' I q . 7 . Q. to K. B 's 4th.8. K's B. to K. Kt.'s 6th. 8. Q. to K's 3rd.9. Kt, to Jf s 7th (ch.), and gai.n~the Queen .

.At this opening, when Black, as above, plays Q. to K. B's 3rd,

for his second mow, you may also get a good game by playingfo r your third move 3. Q's Kt. to B's 3rd, instead of 3. K 's B.to Q. ]l's 4th.

•If 'I.K. to B's 3rd, you reply with P. to Q's 4th, attacking the Qwith your Q's B., and then with P. to R's 3rd, winning her.



64 CHESS-l"LA YER'S HANDBOOK.

GAME THE FOURTII.

PHILIDOR'S DEFENCE.

WHITE.

1. P. to K's 4th.2. K. Kt. to R's 3rd.

BLACK.

1. P. to K's 4th.2. P. to Q's 3rd...

fhis way of defending the K's P. is less objectionable thanany of the three preceding ones, but it is not so good (,8

2. Q. 1\:t . to B's 3rd.

3. P. to U's 4th. 3. P. to K. B's 4th.

Your third move is the best you can make at this point,although you muy abo play 3. K. H. to Q. B's 4th withoutdisadvantage. (e . g.)

... Damiano's defence to the K. Kt.'8 opening was 2. Q. Kt. to B's Srd,

the very move adopted by the best players and recommended by the chief

authors of the present day. His successor, Ruy Lopez, rejected this

defence, considering that White by playing ;{. K's H. to Q. Kt.'s 5thobtained an advantage; and he proposed instead for muck's second move

2. P. to Q's 3rd. As this move, however, consigns the K's Bishop to a

long inaction, later analyses have in turn discarded the P. to Q's 3rd.

and returned again to the move of Damiano. In the year 1749 Philida,

published his" Analyse du Jeu des Echecs ;" and he there maintains, that

2. P. to Q's 3rd is not only a good move, hut that it gives the second

player so strong a game as to render unadvisable White'. second move of

K's Kt. to B's ;{rd. Philidor's opinion is grounded upon the belief that

Black is enabled to establish his Pawns ill the centre, His third game

involves this particular defence, but in the subsequent editions of his.. Analyst', &c.," 1777 and 1790, he observes himself that this third game is

faulty. It is in reference to this game, in a note to which Plnlidor take.

occasion to censure the playing 2. K's Kt. to H's ;lrd by the first player.

that the celebrated Modenese says: "the bold assertion that it is bad

at the second move to play K's Kt. to B's 3rd square, always surprised

me, seeing that the author attempts to prove this by a worse move on the

part of the second player, who is matie to defend the King's Pawn with

the QueeR's Pawn, instead of with the Q's Kt., us the most approved writer,

recommend. I call this move worse, inasmuch as it contint-s the Kin~'.

Bishop, which cannot speedily be placed in any attacking position, whichit would be at Q's B's 4th sq.; and because it often happens that you art'

obliged to advance the Q's Pawn two squares, for which object you must

here employ two moves, when one only might have sufficed, And, lastly,

because by defending with the Q's Kt. at B's ;{rd sq. you bring a Piece

into play, in a situation to act much better than it could heexpected to de

at its own square. Hence it UICIlD in practice, that he wllo deiends at



KTNG'8 INJGHT'S OPENING. 65

3. K's B. to Q. B's 4th.4. P. to Q's 4th (beat)

5. P.takes Q's

P.6. Kt. to K's 5th.7. B. to Q. Kt.'s 5th (eh.)8. Kt. takes B.

3. P. to Q. B's 3rd ••4. P. to Q's 4th.

Ii. P. to K's 5tb.6. P. takes P.7. B. to Q's 2nd.8. Kt. takes Kt.

The game is equal: and hence it will presently be apparent that vour3rd move of P. to Q's 4tb is better for you than 3. K. B. to Q. B's ·4th.

4 Q's P. takes P. 4. K. B's P. takes P.5. Kt. to K. Kt.'s 5th. 5. P. to Q's 4th.6. P. to 1('s 6th. 6. Kt. to K. R's 3rd7. P. to K. 13's 3rd. 7. Q. Kt. to B's 3rtl.

Your move of 7. P. to K. B's 3rd is invented by Von II. delLam. Instead of it, Lowis recommends you to check withyour Q. at K. It's .sth, then retreat the Qu('cn to K. H.'s 3rd.and afterwards play 9. P. to Q. Irs 4th. H. der Laza says,however, that Black may in that case, after 7. P. to K. Kt.'83rd and 8. Q. to K. Ii's 3rd, move, 9. P. to Q's 5tll, andequalize the positions.If Black, in answer to your 7th move, play 7. 1('s P.

takes P., or 7. 1('8 1 3 . to 1('8 2nd, the following mOYC$willshow that you gain an advantage.

In the first place,

7. K's P. takes B's P.8. Q. takes B'sP. 8. R. to K.Kt.'s sq.9. Q's Kt. to n'" 3rd (best) 9. I'. to Q. B's 3rd.10. Q. to K. U's 7th (ch.) 10. Kt. takes Q.

11. P. takes Kt. (ch.)

Taking the R., and becoming a Q. next move.

In tlie second place,

7. K's B. to K's 2nd.8. B. takes Kt.9. P. to K. Kt.'s 3rd.

8. P. takes K's P.9. Q. to R's 5th (eh.)

&he second move his King's Pawn with Q's Pawn has at least a weak andconstrained game for a long time. For reasons akin to these, the samemove, when recommended by Lopez, "as condemned by the celebratedacademies of chess at Naples, who adopted that of the Q's Kt.; and I am,ar.isfied in my Treatise to follow in their steps."* Far better than 3. P. to K. B's 4th, as advised by Pbilidor. For

th" result of which, see the Variation of Game the Mventh. at pue 97.

J:




10. Q. takes B. 10. Q. takes Q.

11. B. takes Q. ll. Kt. 18moved.

12. P. takes Q'8 P.

And you ought to WiU.

Black may with ndvantage, we believe, pIny 7. K. B. toQ. B's 4th, instead of either move given by Der Laza,

8. B. to Q. Kt 's 5th. 8. Q. to her 3rd.9. Q. Kt. to B's 3rd. 9. Q. B. takes K's P.

If you play 9. B. P. take'! P., the game becomes verycritical for both, and you do not obtain any marked supe-riority.

10. K. Kt. takes B. 10. Q. takes Kt.

You might also play 10. Q's Kt. takes K's P. and still obtainthe better position. For example :-

10. Q's Kt takes K's P. 10. Q. to K's 4th (best)

11. P. to K B'.4th. 11. Q. to K. B's 4th.

12. Q's Kt to K Kt.'s 3rd. 12. Q. to K. Kt.'s 3rd.

1{. Q to K's 2nd. 13. K. to Q's 2nd.14. B. takes Kt. (ch.) 14 P. takes B.

And you have the superior situation.

11. Q. takes Q's 1'. 11. Q. takes Q.12. Kt. takes (~ 12. Castles.13. P. take'! K'&P.

You hale a Pawn more than Black, and a better position.

VARIA.TION OF TIllS ATTACK,

Cummenc ing at TV M te 's 7th move .

Bl.A.CK.

WHITE.



KING'S KNTGHT'S OPENING. 67

In this position, instead of playing .7. P. to K. B's 3rd, 8$advised by H. der Laza, or Q. to K. R's 5th, by Lewis and

others, you may move 7. Q. Kt. to B's 3rd, which leads tomany brilliant and difficult strokes of play.

WHITE.

7. Q's Kt. to B's 3rd.BLACK.

7. P. to Q. B's 3rd.

This is considered by all the leading writers Black's bestmove. If he play instead 7. K B. to Q. Kt.'s 5th, the resultis clearly in your favour. (e. fI.)

8. Q. to K. R's 5th (ch.)9. Kt. to K. B'a 7th.10. Q. takes Q's P.

11. P. takes Kt.12. K'a B. to Q. B's 4th,

7. K's B. to Q. Kt.'s 5th.8. K. to B's sq.9. Q. to K's sq.10. Kt. takes Kt.n, Q. to Q. B's 3rd.

And you retain the P. and have a fine position.

In reply to his seventh move two methods of play are atyour command.

In thefirst place,

S. K. Kt. takes K. R's P. 8. Q. 1 3 . takes K'Il P.(best)

If he take the Kt. you check with your Q. at K. R's 5th, andwin easily.

9. Kt. takes K's B.Hi. Q. Kt. takes K's P.

11. K. Kt. to K. Kt.'s 5th, withthe better game.

9. K. takes Kt.10. Kt.toK.Kt.'s5th.

In the secondplace,

S. K's Kt. takes K's P. 8. P. takes Kt.

The sacrifice of the Kt. here forms the subject of some ofthe very interesting games which were published a few yearsback under the title of" A Selection of Games actually played

by Philidor and his contemporaries, &c., by G. Walker."9. Q. to K. R's 5th (ch.) 9. P. to K. Kt.'s 3rcl10. Q. to K's 5th. 10. K. R. to Kt.'s sq.11. B. takes K's Kt. 11. B. takes B.12. Q. R. to Q's sq. 12. Q to K's 2nd.

vi



68 CHESS-PLAYER'S I1ANDBOOK.

The move now ~iven to Wlute oy Bilguer, Von H. deeLam , and other leaning authors, and which is also played inthe games above mentioned, is 13. K. B. to Q. B'B 4th,whereupon Black replies with 13. K . B. to Kt.'s 2nd, thentakes the Kt. (eh. I, and gets a decided advantage. Thereis another move, however, for you, 13. Kt. takes K's P., thevalue of which a ppcars to have been never fairly tested,altaough the variations springing from it give rise to somebeautiful play.

]3. Kt. tak.»K's P. 13. Q's B. takes P.

ThiRapp<'arRto 1)('his best move; 13. K's B. to Kt.'s 2nd isobviously bad, on account of 14. Kt. to Q's 6th (eh.), andwhen the King moves to B " t " sq., 15. Q. to K . B's 4th (eh.).If, instead of taking Pawn with the Bishop, he play 13. Q.takes P., the following moves show clearly that the game is inyour favour.

13. Q. takes K's P.14. Q. to her 4th. 14. Q. to K's 2nd.

(If he play 14. B. to K. Kt.'s 2nd, you check, first at Q's Bth, then atQ. B's 7th, ana then, whether he interpose the Kt. or Q. 01 " B., by play.

ing B. to Q. B's 4th, you win; if 14. R. to B's sq., you CIIn attack b l . I

Q. with the Bishop, and have an irresistible game.)

15. B. to K's 2nd.

Castling afterwards, and with his King so exposed, you must win.

He has the choice, however, at his 14th move, of another not very obvious1II0d~of playing, which seems to prolong his defence considerably: this is,

14. P. to Q. Kt.'s 4th.

(By this move your threatened check at Q's Sth becomes useless, becauseit cannot in this case be followed at the proper moment by B. to Q. B's4th. The correct reply for you now appears to be)-

15. B. to K's 2nd. 15. B. to Q's 2nd.

(This, or Kt. to Q's 2nd, is his best move, but in every case you gain aPiece in return for the one before given up, with a Pawn more, and at.east an equal position.)

16. B. to K. Kt.'s 4th.17. Castles.18. Kt. to Q's 6th (ch.)19. Q. takes B.

16. Q. to K's 2nd.17. B. takes B.is, K. to B's sq.

You aftenvards attack the Q. with your K. R., and nothing' can withstand

your position,



'KING'S KNIGHT'S OPENING.

14. R. to Q's 6th. 14. Q. B. to K. B 'B 4th(the winning move.)

If instead of this, he play 14. K. to B's 2nd, you take the B.with the Hook, and if the Q. retake, play B. to Q. B's 4th,winning his Q. next move. If he move 14. B. to K. B's 2nd,you win his Q. and B., or mate in three moves, If he play14. B. to Q's 2nd, you can check with the Kt., should he then gowith his K. to B's sq., you take K.Ks P. (ch.), (he cannot takethe Kt. without losing his (_~.),then again check at B's 6thwith the Kt., then take Q.with Q,. (ch.), and R.with Kt. (eh.),

winning the K's Bishop, and remaining with equal Pieces, abetter situation, and two Pawns more than he has. But ifhe play 1. '5. K. to Q's sq., instead of to B's sq., your best

move apparently is, to exchnngo Queens, then take tho Rookwith the Kt. (eh.), and afterwards taking the K's B., have aPawn more, and a better position. In lieu, however, of mov-ing the Bishop, either to K. B's 211dor to Q's 2nd, he mayplay it to < r s 4th, iu which ease you simply take it with your

nook, winning a Piece if' he take (_~.with (,!.; or, if' he preferto take the R., you chock with your Kt. at Irs 6th, thenexchange Queens, afterwards winning both K's It.and Hi-hop,

15. Kt. to B'H 6th (eh.) 1 5. K. to B's !!q, (best)16. R. to Q's 8th (eh.) 16. K. to B's 2nd.

Should he take the R. you answer with 17, Kt, takes K. R'II

P, (eh.), and then B. to (~, B's 4th (oh.).

17, B. to Q. B's 4th (eh.) 17. B. to Ks Brd (best)

18. Kt. takes R, and wins.Or you may exchange Queens and Bishops, and then take theRook.

VARIATION OF THE DEFENCE IN THIS OPENING,

Beginnin.q at Black's 3t'll move.

WHITE.

1. P. to K'8 4th.

2. K. Kt. to B's 3rd.3. r. to Q's 4th.

DLACK.

1. P. to Ks 4th.

2. P. to U's 31'd.3. K. 1\t. to B 'K 31'd.

This third move of Black's is much less dangerous for himthan the one recommended by Philidor of a. P. to K. B's 4th,which has just been exuminod : but even this gives him auirksome, defensive position for very many moves,



4. Q. B. to K. Kt.'s 5th.

CHESS-PLA YEll'S HANDBOOK.

4. Q. B. to K. Kt.'s 5th.

70

He may also play 4. P. takes P. ; but that too would be ad.vantageous to you; for example,-

4. P. takes P.

5. B. to K's 2nd.

6. Castles.

5. Q. takes P.6. Q's Kt. to B's 3rd.

7. Castles, on Q'a side,

Having a better position than he has.

5. P. takes K8 P. 5. B. takes Kt.6. Q. takes B. 6. P. takes P.7. Q. to her Kt.'s 3rd. 7. P. to Q. Kt.'s 3rd.

If instead of this he play 7. Q. Kt. to Q's 2nd, you equallyreply with 8. K. B. to Q. B's 4th.

8. K. B. to Q. B's 4th.9. B. takes Kt.10. Q's Kt. to B's 3rd.11. Q's Ito U's sq.

12. .B . to Q. Kt: s 5th (eh.)

8. Q. to Q's 2nd.9. P. takes B.10. R's B. to K.Kt.'s 2nd.11. Q. to K's 2nd.

12. P. to Q. B's 3rd.

Ifhe move his King you can play 13. Q. to her 5th, ann havea winning situation.

13. Kt. to Q's 5th,

with an excellent game.

ANOTH1<;R VARIATION OF THE DEFENCE,

Beginmng also/rom Black's 3rd move.

WHITE.

1. P. to K's 4th.2. K's Rt. to B's 3rd.8. P. to Q's 4th.

BLACK.

1. P. to R's 4th.2. P. to Q's 3rd.3. Q's B. to K. Kt.'s 5th.

There is one other defence he may adopt here besides thisand the two moves before analyzed, viz., 3. P. takes P.,

which deserves examination.3. P. takes P.

4. Q. takes P. 4. Q's Kt. to B's 3rd.

5. K's B. to Q. Kt.'s 5th. 5. Q's B. to Q's 2nd.

6. Q. to Q's sq. 6. Kt. to K's 4th.

die can play 6. Kt. to his 5th, and YOIl must reply with i.K's B. toQ. B's 4th.)



KING'S llNIOHT'S OPENING.

'1 . Kt. takesKt.

And whether he take Kt. or B., by playing your Q. to her 5th, yOl&gruu

at least a Pawn.4. 1 3 . takes Kt.5. P. takes P.

4. P. takes P.5. Q. takes 1 3 .

Bilguer and H. der Laza prefer P. takes 1 3 . for your 5tllmove, following it up thus ;-

5. P. takesB. 5. Q's P. takesP.6. Q. takesQ. (eh.) 6. K. takesQ.7. I'. to K. B's 4th, &c.

Taking with the Queen, however, appears to me a strongermove, although in either case the advantage is on your side.

6. 1 3 . to Q. B's 4th. 6. Q. to K. Irs 3rd.7. Q. to her Kt:s 3rd. 7. P. to Q. l·\:t.'s3rd.8. Q's Kt. to B's 3rd. 8. 1'. to Q. Irs 3rd.9. Castles. 9. uto U's ard.10. P. to K. B's 4th. 10. P. takes 1'.

You may now obtain a capital attack by playing 11. P. to

K's 5th, and if he take the 1'. with B., moving your Kt. toK's 4th; or, if he take with Q., you may take K. Irs P. withB., giving check, and have all excellent game.

11. Q's B. takes 1'. 11. B. takes B. (best)

If he give check with Q., instead of taking the B., you retreatthe King, his best move is then to take B. with B.; you neednot at the moment retake, hut rather play B. takes K. B's P.

(ch.), and you will thus get an overpowering attack.12. P. to K's l>th. 12. B. takes K. R's P. (ch.)

If instead of this move he play Q. to K. Irs 3rd, you mayfirst take K. B's P. (eh.), and then play P. to K. Kt.'s 3rd;but the attack perhaps is hardly so vigorous or secure as thatobtained by first advancing the P. to K's 5th.

SUMMARY OF THE FOREGOING VARIATIONS IN PHILIDOR'S

DEFENCE.

111e result of the preceding analysis serves to prove thatQ's P. one, as the second move of Black, is not a tenabledefence; since, playas he can afterwards, if the best moves areadopted by the first player, he will always have a very in.secure or a very constrained game.



CHES8-PLA"ER'S HANDBOOK..

GAM:EH

ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE PRECEDING ANALYSKS.

r.From the OheBa-Player ' IJ OhrOfliclt l .)

GA.ME I.-CBy Philidor.)

WHITE.

I. P. to K's 4th.2. K'8 Kt. to B's 3rd.

3. " P . to Q'~ 4th.

4. P. takes K's P.

5. Kt. to Kt.'s 5th.6. P. to K. B's 4th.'"7. P. to Q. B's 4th.S. Q's Kt. to B's 3rd.

9. P. to K. R's 4th.10. K's Kt. to R's 3rd.11. Q's Kt. to Q. R's 4th.

12. B. to Q's 2nd.

13. Q. takes B.H. P. to Q. B's 5th.

15. P. takes P. (in passing)16. P. to Q. Kt.'s 3rd.

17. B. to K's 2nd.18. K'a Kt. to his sq.19. K's R. to his 2nd.20. Q. to her Kt.'s 2nd.

21. B. to K. B's 3rd.22. Castles on Q's side.

23. 1'. takes K's R.24. P. to Q. R's :\rd.

25. K. to Q. Kt.'~ sq.

26. Q. to Kt.'s 4th.

27. Q. to K. B's 4th.l IP . Q. takes K's Kt.

BLACK.

1. P. to K's 4th.

2. P. to Q's 3rd.

3. P. to K. B's 4th.4. K. B's P. takes K'. p.

5. P. to Q's 4th.6. K's B. to Q. B's 4th.1. P. to Q. B's 3rd.8. K's Kt. to K's 2nd.

9. P. to K. R's 3rd.10. Castles.

11. B. to Q. Kt.'s 5th (ell.)

12. B. takes B. (ch.)

13. P. to Q's 5th.

14. P. to Q. Kt.·s 4th.

15. Q. R's P. takes P.16. Q's B. to K's 3rd.

11. Kt. to K. B's 4th.

18. K's Kt. to Kt.'s 6th.

19. P. to K's 6th.20. P. to Q's 6th.

21. K's R. takes P.22. K's R. takes Kt.

23. Q's R. takes P.

24. R. to Q. B's 5th (ch.)

2:). R. to Q. B'8 7th.26. Q's Kt. to R's 3rd.

27. Q. Kt. to B's 4th.

And Black mates in two moves.

A.ME n.-Between Messrs.Attwood and Wilson, eontens

poraries of Philidor.WHITE. (Mr. A.) BI.ACK. (Mr. W.)

1. P. to K's 4th. 1. P. to K's 4th.2. K's Kt. to B's 3rd. 2. P. to Q's 3rd•

.~ Th i6 ituot the proper WUTe; .. should play 6. P. to K's 6t11.



KUIG'S KNIGHT 8 OPENING.

S. P. to Q's 4th.4. Q's P. takes P.

5. Kt. to Kt.'s 5th.6. P. to K's 6th.'1 . Q's Kt. to B's 3rd.8. K's Kt. takes K/s P.9. Q. to K. R's 5th (eh.)

10. Q. to K's 5th.

11. B. takes Kt.12. R. to Q's sq.13. K's B. to Q. B's 4th.14. Q. takes K's P.

15. Q's Kt. to his 5th.16. B. takes P. (ch.)17. B. takes Kt. (ch.)

18. Q. takes Q. B's P. (ch.)

19. Q. takes R. (ch.)

20. P. takes B. (ch.)

21. Q. checks, and wins.

3. P. to K. B's 4th.4. K. B's P. takes P.

5. P. to Q's 4th.6. K's Kt. to R's 3rd.7. P. to Q. B's 3rd.8. P. takes Kt.9. P. to K. Kt.'s 3rd.

10. R. to K. Kt.'s Iq.

11. B. takes B.12. Q. to K'a 2nd.

13. K'. B. to Kt.'s 2nd.

14. K's R. to B's sq.•

15. P. takes Kt.16. Kt. to B's 3rd.17. P. takes B.

]8. Q's B. to Q's 2nd.

I!J. Q. to her sq.

20. K. to his 2nd.

GAME III.-M. De la Bourdonnais plays without seeing the

Chess-board, against M. Boncourt.WHITE. (M. De la B.)

1. P. to K's 4th.

2. K's Kt. to H's 31'd.

3. K's B. to Q. Ws 4th.

4. P. to Q'. 3rd.

5. Q's Kt. to B's 3rd.

6. Castles.

r. Q. to K's 2nd.8. K's B. to Q. Kt.'s 3rd.

9. Q's Kt. to Q's sq.

10. P. takes P.

11. K's B. to Q. B's 4th.

12. Q. takes B.

13. P. takes P.

14. Q. to K's 2nd.

15. K's Kt. to Q's 4th.

16. Q's Kt. to K's 3rd.

17. Kt. takes Kt.

18. Kt. to K. B's 5th.

19. Q's B. to K's 3rd.

20. Kt. to Q's 4th.

111.P. to K. B's 4th.

22. P. to K. R's 3rd.

BLACK. (M. B.)

1. P. to K's 4th.

2. P. to Q's 3rd.

3. P. to K. B's 4th.

4. 1'. to Q. B's 3rd.

5. K's B. to K's 2nd.

6. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.

t. P. to Q. Kt.'s 4th.

8. P. to Q. Kt.'s 5th.

9. K. B's P. takes P.

10. Q's B. to R's 3rd.

II. B. takes B.

12. 1 ). to Q's 4th.1:~. P. takes P.

14. P. to K's 5th.

15. Q. to her 2nd.


17. Q. takes Kt.

18. K's B. to his sq.

19. Q. to her 2nd.20. K's B. to Q's 3rd.

21. Castles on K's side,

22. P. to K. R's 4th.

• Black should have taken the Kt. with hi. Bilhop (cII.).



XINO'S XNlGHT'S OPRNI:NG 7 5 '

25. P. to K. R's :~rd.26. K's R. to K's sq.

27 . K's R. to K's 4th.28. K. B's P. takes R.29. R. to Q's 4th.30. R. takes Q. B's P.*31. B. takes R.32. P. to Q. R's 5th.sa P. to Q. R's 6th.

25. K's R. to Q. Kt.'s sq.26. K. to K. B's sq.

27. R. takes R.28. K. to K's 2nd.29. R. to Q. B's sq.30. R. takes R.31. P. to K. R's 4th.32. P. to K. R's 5th.sa, B. to Q. B's 4th.

And after many more moves the game was declared drawn.

GAME V.-Between Mr. Horwitz and Mr. Staunton.

WHITE. (Mr. S.)1. P. to K's 4th.2. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.3. P. to Q's 4th.4. Kt. takes }'.5. Q's Kt. to B'. 3rd.6. K's B. to K's 2nd.

7. P. to K. B's 4th.fl. K's Kt. to B's 3rt!.9. Castles.10. Q's B. to K's 3rd.ll. P.to Q. R's 3rd.12. B. takes B.13. Kt. to K's 2nd.14. Kt. to K. Kt.'s 3rd.15. P. to Q. B's 3rd.16 Q. to her B's 2na.

17. Q's R. to Q's ~q.18. P. to Q. Kt.'s 4th.19. P. to Q. B's 4th.20. P. takes P.

BLACK. (Mr. H.)1. P. to K's 4th.2. P. to Q's 3rd.3. P. takes P.4. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.5. K's B. to K's 2nd.6. Castles.

7. P. to Q. B's 4th.8. Q's Kt. to U's 3rd.

9. Q's B. to K. Kt.'s 5th.t10. P. to Q. R's 3rd.11. B. takes Kt.12. Q's R. to Q. B's sq.13. Q. to her B's 2nd.;::14. K's R. to K's sq.§15. Q's R. to Q's sq.1(i. B. to his sq.

17. 1'. to Q. Kt.'s 3rd.18. Q's Kt. to Q. R's 2nd.19. P. takes Kt.'s P.20. P. to Q's 4th.:1

* This Pawn ought to have been taken with Bishop.tWith the hope of planting his Kt. at Q's 5th.: t Intending presently, if an opportunity occur, to play Q's Kt. to Q',

5th, and, after the exchanges, take Q. B's P. with his Q.

§ Had he played the Kt. over to Q's 5th, before protecting the B., hewould hare lost at least a Pawn.

I ! The exchange of Pawns, with the subsequent advance of this Pawn,appears, at first sight, a skilful conception, and one that must turn thescale in favour of the second player. Upon examination, however, it turns

out to have been made without any consideration of the move White hadin store, which renders the whole combination WOrBethan nugatory.



i6 CIIESS-PI,A.YER S lIA.NDBOOX.

21. Q. to K. B'a 2nd.*

22. Q. B'a P. takes Q's P.23. P. to K's 5th.

24. P. to Q's 6th.

25. B. to Q. B's 6th.

26. Kt. to K's 4th.

27. Q. to K. R's 4th.28. B. takes K's Kt.

29. Kt. to K. Kt.'s 5th.

30. Kt. takes R.si. P. to K. B's 5th.32. P. takes K's P.

33. P. to K's 7th.

21. Q's Kt. to Q. B'! sq.t22. B. takes Kt.'s P.

23. K's Kt. to Q', 2nd.

24. Q. to Kt.'s sq.

25. P. to K. Kt.'s 3rd.~26. R. to K's 3rd.27. Q's Kt. to Q. R's 2nd.29. R. takes B.29. P. to K. R's 4th.30. P. takes Kt.

31. P. to Q. R's 4th.32. R. to K. Kt.'s 2nd.

And Black resigns•

• This rejoinder was certainly not foreseen by Black when he played OD

the Q's Pawn.

tHe would have got an equally bad position by taking the K's P. with P.: t : As the sacrificeof the Q's Kt. at this crisis had many advocates whea

!he game was over, it may be well to examine briefly the consequences of

that move. Suppose, then, instead of "P. to K. Kt.'s 3rd," that Blade

had played-

25. Q's Kt. takes Q's P.W"mtnthen has several ways of playing.

IN THE FIRST PLACE.

26. B. take. K's Kt. 26. Q's R. takes B.

27. K. to R'e qq. 27. Q's R. to K's 2nd. I

28. P. takes Kt. 28. R. takes B.

29. P. to Q's 7th, winning easily.

IN THE SECOND PLACE.

26. R. takes Q's Kt. 26. B. takes R.

27. P. takes B. 27. Q. takes P.

28. B. takes Kt. 28. R. takes B.29. B. takes P., and White ought to win.

IN THE THIRD PLACE.

26. P. takes Q's Kt. 26. R. takes B.

27. Q. takes R. 27. B. to Q. B's 4th.

28. Q's R. to Q's 4th. 28. Kt. to K. B's 3rd.

29. K's R. to Q's sq. 29. R. takes P.

30. Kt. to K. B's 5th. 30. B. takes R.

31. R. takes B., retaining a Piece more than Black.

1Iihe support the Q's R., White may at once take off the Kt.



Kt:llG'S K.NIGHT·S OPENING.

CHAPTER II

GAME THE FlFTH.

PETROFF'S D},FENCE.

WHITE.

1 P. to KH 4th.2. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.

BLACK.

1. 1 ) . to K's 4th.2. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.

This mode of defence is touched on by Damiano, and hat

been examined, subsequently, by LOPl·7.1584), pp. 119,125:8elenus, pp. 25, 267; C07.io(£r:-t edition), 212, 214, 312;Greco (Hirshel's edition), p. 36; Ponziani (1782), p. 103;Lolli, pp. 183,184; An~aier, tab. iii.; Lewis (fir..t edition), pp.25, 81, (secoudedition) 8,83; Trcati..e (1844). pp. 111-115;Walker (1841),p. 4G; (1846) ,pp. 46-50 ; but never receivedthe consideration it was entitled to until Mr. Petroff, thecelebrated Rm,sian player, introduced it again a few years

back. Ithas since undergone a complete analysis at the handsof Major Jaenisch, who for EoOI l1C time recommended it asBlack's best move, an opinion, however, which he lately quali-

ficd, believing now that it gives him a somewhat inferiorposition to his opponent.

3. P. to Q's 4th. 3. P. takes P.

Your third move was suggested by Mr. Petroff Itis perhapsless attacking, Major Juouisch observes, than taking the K's P,

with the Kt. (as in Variation IlL), but it leads to man~beautiful variations. In reply. Black in place of taking P.with P., may take it with the Kt, (Soc Variation I.)

4. P. to K's .5th. 4. Kt. to 1('8 5th (best)

He may here play Kt. to Q's 4th, or Q. to K's 2nd; if thelatter, the following moves arc likely to occur :-

5. Q. to K's 2nd (best)6. Kt. takes P.'1 . P. takes P.8. B. takes Q.9. Cast) es,

10. P. to Q. B's 4th.11. K's B. to hi. 3rd.

4. Q. to K's 2nd.

5. K's Kt. to Q's 4th.6. P. to Q'o :lrd.7. Q. tak es Q. (ch.)

8. K's B. takes I'.9. Castle •.]0. K's Kt. to K. B'8 5th.11. P. to Q. B'8 3rd.



(J'HESS-PLAYER'!i HAl!oIDBOOK.

]2. Q'sKt. to B's 3rd. 12. Q'sKt. to Q's 2nd.13. Q'sKt. to K's 4th. 13. K'sB. to Q. B's2nd.

And th e gam e is qu ite ev en .

6. Kt. takes P. 5. P. to Q's 3rd (best,

Instead of taking the Pawn with your Kt., you may play6. K's B. to Q's 3rd. (See Variation II.) He might alsoplay 5. P. to Q's 4th, or 5. B. to Q. B's 4th, without danger.

6. P. takes P. 6. K's B. takes P.7 . K's B. to Q. B's 4th. 7 . K's B. to Q. B's 4th.8. Q's B. to K's 3rd. 8. Castles.

Instead of this move he might take the Kt.

9. Castles. 9. Q's Kt. to Q's 2nd.

The game is equal,

VARIATION I.,

Commencin9at Black'8 3rd move.

WHITE.

1. P. to K's 4th.2. K. Kt. to B's 3rd.3. P. to Q's 4th.4. K's B. to Q's 3rd.5. Kt. takes K's P.

BLACK.

1. p, to K's 4th,2, K.Kt. to n's ad3. Kt. takes r.4. P. to Q 'R 4th5. Kt. to Q's 3rd

Black may play 5 . P. to Q. B's 4th, and the result would be

an even game,

6. P. to Q. B's 4th,7. K's Kt. takes P.8. Kt. to K's 3rd.9. Castles.

6. P. takes P.7. Q's B. to K 'K 3rd.S. B. to K's 2nd.9. Castles.

You have the move, and somewhat the advantage of posi t ion ,

VARIATION II.,

Beginnin9 at White', 5th move.WHITE.

1. P. to K's 4th.2. K.Kt. to B's 3rd.3. P. to Q's 4th.4. P. to K's 5th.

BLACK.

1. P. to K's 4th.2. K. Kt. to B's Srd,3. P. takes P.4. Kt. to K's 5th.



KING'S KNIGHT'S Ol'ENING. ' 1 9

In the former example you now took the 1'. with the Kt.,perhaps your best move, but the following may also be played

without harm :-6. K's B. to Q's 3rd. I;' R's Rt. to Q. B's 4th.6. Kt. takes P. 6. P. to Q's 3rd.7. P. takes P. 7. K's B. takes P.8. Castles. 8, Castles.

It would not be a good move for Black, instead of castling, totake your K. R's P. (ch.), and then to take the Kt., onaccount of your check with the B., which would leave his Q.

exposed to capture.

VARIA.TJO:N IlL,

Befli,minfl at TV/tite's 3rd move.

WHITE.

t. P. to K'R 4th.2 K's Kt. to B's 3rd.

.. Kt. takes K's P.

DLACK.

1. P. to Ks 4th.2. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.

3. Kt. takes P.L];.ck may now adopt the defence given in Cozio, and which.ha- latterly been brought into yo~uc by Jacniseh, viz. ,:;. P. to Q'll 31'<1. (See Variation IV.)

4. Q. to K's 2nd. 4. Q. to K's 2nd.

1f he retreat the Kt. instead of this move, you evidently w in

his < 1 . by playing your Kt. to U. Irs 6th (dis. eh.).

5. Q. takes Kt. 5. P. to Q's 31'd.6. P. to Q's 4th. 6. I). to K. Irs 31'<1.7. P. to K. B's 4th. 7. U's Kt. to Q's 2nd

If he take the Kt. you gain a Pawn. (e. g.)

8. D's P. takes P.9. Q. takes P., &c.


7. Q's P. takes Kt.8. P. takes I'.

8. Q's P. take!' Kt.

He may, however, take with the Bishop's Pawn, but the resultis also in your favour, as the following moves wil l show:-

8. K. D's P. takes Kt.9. K. D's P. takes P. 9. P. takes P.10. Q's Kt. to Q's 5th. 10. Kt. to 1 1 : . R's 3rd.

(If instead of this he move 10. Q. to her sq., you take P. with P . ,




11. B. to Q. Kt.'s 5th (ch.) 11. P. to Q. B's 3rJ.12. Kt. takes Kt. (ch.) 12. P. takes Kt. (best)

13. B. takes P. (ch.) 13. K. to Q's sq. (best)14. Q's H. to Q's 2nd. 14. P. to Q. R's 4th.*15. Castles on Q's side. 15. P. takes B.16. Q. takes Q. B's P. 16. Q's R. to his 3rd.

(If he play 16. Q's B. to Kt.'s 2nd, you take the Q. R's P. with yourBishop (ch.), and follow that by 17. P. takes K's P. (dis. ch.), andwin.)

Ii. B. takes P. (eh.)18. P. takes P. (dis. ch.)

19. P. to K's 6th.20. K. to Kt.'s sq.

21. R. takes B. (ch.)22. P. takes R.

17. R. takes B.18. B. to Q's 2nd.

19. B. to K. R's 3rd (ch.)20. R. to Q. R's 2nd.21. R. takes R.

Winning the other R. also, or giving immediate mate.

9. Q's Kt. to Q's 5th. 9. Q. to her 3rd.10. Q's P. takes P. 10. P. takes P.11. P. takesP. 11. Q ,. to her B's 31d.

If he take the P. with Jus Q., you exchange Queens, and thengain the (~'s It. hy 12 Kt. takes Q. B's P, (ch.). If hr- takethe P. with the Kt, you win the Kt. by 12. Q's B. to K. B'II4th.

12. K's B. to Q. Kt:s 5th. 12. Q. to her B's 4th.

It it. quite clear that by taking the Bishop Black loses hisQueen.

13. P. to Q. IH.'s 4th,Winning the Q. A t his 12th move, Black might prolong thegame by playing 12. Q. to K. Kt.'s 3rd, but in that case youwould take 13. Q. B's P. with the Kt. (ch.), then take Q.

with Q.• and afterwards Q's R. with Kt.

VARIATION IV.,

Begt 'nning at Black ' 8 3rd m ot)e .

WHl'J:l:.

1. P. to K'8 4th.2. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.3. Kt. takes K'8 P.

BLACK.

1. P. to 1\:'s 4th.2. K'8 Kt. to B's 3rd.3. P. to Q's Brd,

• Better than takinjt the Bishop.



82 OllESS-PLAYER'S HANDBOOK.

ANOTHER VARIATIUN,

B eginn ing at the 31 'd move o f White .WHITE. BLAt:K.

1. P. to K"s 4th. 1. P. to K"s 4th.~. K. Kt. to B's 3rd. 2. K. Kt. to B's 3rJ.3. K. B. to Q. B's 4th. 3. Kt. takes P.

1 : "ou may also play 3. Q. Kt. to B's 3rd, to which Black wouldrespond with 3. K. B. to Q. Kt.'s 5th, and the result, after afew moves, would be an even game. Inreply to your 3rd

move of K.B. to Q. Irs 4th, if Black play 3. Q. Kt. to B's Srd,the opening is resolved into a position of the (,Two Knights'Game," where it is brought about by

1. P. to K's 4th.2. K. Kt. to B's 3rd.3. K. B. to Q. B's 4th.

1. P. to K's 4th.2. Q, Kt. to B's 3rd.3. K. Kt. to B's 3rd.

4. Q. to K'8 2nd.

In this situation, by moving 4. K. Kt. to his 5th, you obtain the advan-

tage, as will be shown in the examination of the" Two Knights' Game."

4. P. to Q's 4th.[f you play 4. Kt. takes K. P., Black answers with 4. P. to

Q's 4th, and, upon your retreatmg the B. to Q. Kt.'s 3rd, hemcves Q. to K. Kt:s 4th, having the better game, as will beseen in the analysis of the King's Bishop's game, where thesame position occurs from

1. P. to K's 4th.2. K. B. to Q. B's 4th.

3. K. Kt. to B's 3rd.&c., &c.

1. P. to K's 4th.2. K. Kt. to B's 3rd.

3. Kt. takes P.

5. Kt. takes K. P. 5 K. 1 3 . to Q. B's 4th (best)6. P. to Q's 3rd. e B. takes K. B. P. (ch.)

Your move, 6. P. to Q's 3rd, is better than castling. If hetake with Kt. instead of the B., the following moves willshow the advantage you must gain.

6. Kt. takes K. B. P.

7. K. to Q's 2nd.8. R. to K's sq.9. K. takes Q.10. Kt. !.hiles R

u. Kt. to K. B's 7th.

7. Kt. to Q. B's 6th (dis. ch.)8. Kt. takes Q.

9. Q. takes R. (ch.)10. B. takes Q. P.n, Kt. takes K. B. P.12. P. to K. R'83rd.

And the Kt. cannot escape without loss.



KING'S KNIGHT'S OPENJNIl. 83

Instead, however, of taking the K. B. P. either with Bishopor Knight, Black can play 6. Q. P. takes B., a move which

is given by Bilguer and II. der Laza, but hardly followedup with their customary acumen. (See Variation A.)

7. K. to Q's sq. (best) 7. B to Q. Kt.'s 3rd.

He might likewise castle at his 7th move, and if you played8. K. H. to Q. Kt.'s 5th, move B. to Q's 5th.

S. Kt. takes K. B. P. 8. Q. B. to K. Kt:s 5th.

If he take the Knight with his King. you rapture his Knightand win without much trouble. (e . g.)

9. Q. takes Kt.

10. R. to B's sq. (ch.)II. B. to K. Kt.'8 5th (ch.)

12. K. B. takes Q. P.

13. Q. takes B. (ch.)1t. B. take's Q. Kt. P.

8. K. takes Kt.9. Q. B. to K's 3rd.10. K. to his 2nd.II. K. to Q's 2nd.

12. Q. takes Q. B.13. K. to Q's bq.

And YOIl must win of course,9. Kt. takes Q. 9. R takes Q. (ch.)10. K. takes B. 10. Kt. to K. B's 7th.11. H. to K. D's t;q. 11. P. takes B.

1 2. Kt l . , K's 6th. 1 2 . P . takes P . (C R.)

13. P. takes P. 13. K. to his 2nd.14. Kt. take'SK. Kt. P. 14. R. to K. Kt.'s sq.

You might also haw taken the Q. B. P. with your Kt., and

upon his taking it with B. have taken Kt. with R., but themove in the text seems preferabic.

1.5. Kt. to K. B's 5th (eh.)

16. Q. B. to Ks 3rd.15. K. to his 3rd.16. B. takes B.

If he take the Kt. P. with Rook instead of taking theBishop. you can take B. with B.. and on his capturing the B..play Kt. to K's 3rd. winning a Piece. He may. however, take

the Kt. with his King. whereupon you take Kt. with Rook(eh.), then exchange Bishops, and have a Pawn more and 81I11~erjorosition.

17 Kt. takes P. ]7. Kt. to K. Kt.'s .5th.

The positions are equal, but you have a Pawn more.



R4 CHESS-PLAYES'S HANDBOOK.

VARIATION (A,)

B'ginnz'ng at Black's 6th move.

WHITE.

In thc previous example, the consequences of Black',

taking the K. B. P. at hi.. 6th move, both with B. and Kt.,w pre shown ; it remains to be seen whether he reay not acquirea better game by simply taking the B with Q. P. at this point

WIll~U'. BLACK.

6. Q. P. takes B.7. Castle«8. Q. to K's 2nd.9. Q. Kt. to n's 3rd.

t. Q takes Kt.8. Q takes doubled P.9. P to K B's 4th.

10. Q. to K's 4th.Thus far thc mov es are those laid down by Bilguer und H

del' Laza. They now make Black take the Kt. with Kt., theQucens are exchanged, and the game dismissed as equal. Itwould appear, however that if Black, instead of exchangingKnights, play 10. K. R. to K's square, he may obtain a veryembarrassing attack. In reply, you must not 11. take Kt.With Kt., or he wins vour Qucen.

The most feasible m'o\e for you apparently is K. to Q's square,or Q. Kt. to Q 'b 2nd. (See thc next Variation) K. to B'nsquare is obviously bad. Suppose in the first place you play

11. K. to Q's ,;q. 11. Q. to K. If., 5th.

He now threatens a dangerous cheek with hi" Q. B. at K. Kt.'s5th. If you try to escape the consequences oy playing 12. P



XING'S KNIOHl'S OPENING. 85

to K. Kt.'s 3rd, the subjoined moves show he ought to winthe game.

12. P. to K. Kt:s 3rd. 12. Q. to K. P.'s 4th (ch.)Should you ifiterpose the Q. at K. B's 3rd, he wins a Pieceb y taking the Knight with Rook; if you play Q. to K's 2nd,he equally gains the Knight by exeha.nging Queens, and thenmoving P. to K. B's Brd ; and if you move K. to Q's 2nd, thefollowing is likely to be the termination :-

13. K. to Q's 2nd. 13. Kt. take'! Kt.14. P. takes Kt. 14. It. takes I).

Winning easily.Instead, however, of playing 12. P. to K. I(t.'s 3rd, youmight at that moment move Q. Kt. to Q's 2nd.

12. Q. Kt. to Q's 2nd. 12. Q. to K. R's 4th (eh.)13. Q. Kt. to K. B's 3rd (best) 13. Q. B. to K. Kt.'s 5th,

and now, play as you can, RInck must gain a decided advantageby taking the K. Kt. with Kt., &e. -

,. ARIATION,

Beginning at Wllite's 11th move.

11. Q's Kt. to Q'r; 2nd. 11. Q. to K. R's 5th (('11.)12. P. to K. Kt:s 3rd. 12. Q. to K. R's 4th.13. Q. Kt. to K. B's 3rd. 13. Q. B. to K. B'8 4th.14. Q. to K's 2nd (best) 14. Q. B,. to K.Kt.'s 5th.15. K.R. to B's sq. 15. Q. Kt. to Q's 5th.

And BIRcl(must win.



lUNG'S 1tlUGJlr'S 01 ENING.

11. Q. takes Q. Kt.'s P.-12. K's B. takes K's Kt.

13. K'g Kt. to his 5th.14. Q's ·Kt. to B'g 3rd.

15. Q. takes Q.Ifi. K's Kt. takes K's P.17. K's R. to K's square.18. K's R. to K's 2nd.19. K's Kt. to Q. B's 5th.20. K's Kt. to K's 4tl ••21. K's Kt. to Q. B'. Mh.22. K's Kt. to K's 4th.

23. K's Kt. to Q. B's 5th.24. K's Kt. to K's 4th.

25. K's Kt. to Q. B's 5th.

26. K's Kt. to K's 4th.

27. K's Kt. to Q. n's 5th.28. K's R. to K's 3rd.

29. K'~ Kt. to K's 6th.

30. Kt. takes B.

31. K's R. to K's 2nd.1I

32. Q's B. to K. B's 4th.

33. B. takes R.34. B. takes Kt.

35. R. to K's square.

36. R. takes R. (ch.]

:ii. Kt. to K's 4th.

38. 1'. to Q. R'& :k<l.39. P. to K. B'&31"(1.

40. K. to B's 2nd.

87

11. P. to Q. B's 3rd.12. K. B's P. takes B.

13. Q's B. to K. R's 4th.14. Q. to her 2nd.t15. Q's Kt. takes Q.

16. K's B. to Q. B's 2nd.17. Q's R. to Q. Kt.'s square,18. Kt. to Q. Kt.'s 3rd.~

19. K's B. to Q's 3rd.20. K's B. to Q. B's 2nd.§21. K's B. to Q's 3rd.

22. K's B. to Q. B's 2nd.

2:J. K's B. to Q's 3rd.24. K's B. to Q. B's 2nd.

25. K's B. to Q's 3rd.

21i. K's B. to Q. R's 2nJ.

27. Q's B. to Q's 6th.

28. Q's B. to his 7th.

2'9. R. to K. B's 2nd.30. R. takes Kt.

31. n. to Q's 6th.32. H. takes R.

33. R. to K'. square.34. P. takes B.

35. B. to K. R's 4th.

36. II. tak..s R.37. P. to Q. Kt.'s 4th.

3H . B. to K. Kt.'s :Jrd.

39. K. to K. B's 2nd.

40. K. to his 3rd.

* This and many moves to come form connecthur links in tile admirablecombination of the II ungnrians, and were evidently foreseen when the Q.

was played to her B's 2nd.

t Is there anytl.iug bett ..r to be done by mark at this juncture? B. to

Q. R's square. would (·c.lllpelthe Qu..en to take the Rook. Hut cui bono?

Could she then be caught? W(' doubt it.

~With the view to plant tne Kt. at Q's 4th.

§ The same mows, Kt. to Q. B's 5th and B. to Q. B's 2nd, wert

persisted in for w{'('l..sby both parties. Pesth having the first game vir-

tually won, werc content to draw this without further trouble. In the

end, Paris, as they must lose equally whether they drew or lost the presentparty, decided on venturing another move.

I I All this denotes an admirable insight of the position. White see

elearly that every erchange DOW strengthens the advantage they have

acquired.

~ 1 Io0 t only prob·tlng the Kt. but affording B speedier route for the

King to sustain his P



S8 OHES8-PLAYER'S HANDBOOK.

41. K. to his 3rd.42. P. to K. Kt.'s 4th.

43. Kt. to Q. B's 3rd (ch.)44. P. to K. B's 4th.45. P. to K. B's 5th.46. Kt. to K's 4th (ch.)47. K. to K. B's 4th.48. K. to his 5th.49. P. to K. R's 4th.

50. P. to K. Kt.'s 5th.51. P. takes P.52. P. to K. Kt.'s 6th.t

41. P. to K. R's ~I\.42. K. to Q's 4th.

43. K. to Q's 3rd.44. B. to K's square."45. Q's B. to Q's 2nd.46. K. to his 2nd.

47. B. to K's square.j-

48. B. to K. B's 2nd.49. B. to Q's 4th.50. 1). takes P.

51. B. to K. Kt.'a square.

Paris surrendered.

GA.ME H.-Skilfully conducted Partie played in 1837, by

M. Petroff, against three Russian Amateurs in counciltogether.

WHITE. (M. Petroff.)1. P. to K's 4th.2. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.3. P. to Q's 4th.4. K's B. to Q's Sed.5. Kt. takes K's P.6. Castles.7. P. to Q. B's -lth,

8. P. to K. B's 4th.9. Q's B. to K's 3rd.10. P. takes Q's P.11. Q's Kt. to B's 3rd.12. Q's R. to Q. B's square.13. B. takes Kt.14. Q's Kt. to his5th.15. Kt. takes B.

BLACK. (Amateurs.)i. P. to K's 4th.2. K's Kt. to B's 3rd.3. Kt. takes K's P.4. P. to Q's 4th.5. K's B. to Q's 3ed.6. Castles,7. P. to K. B's 4th.

8. P. to Q. B's 3rd.9. Q's B. to K's 3rd.

10. P. takes P.11. Q's Kt. to B's 3rd.

12. K's R. to B's 3rd. §13. K. B's P. takes a.14. Kt. to K's 2nd.15. Q. takes Kt .

.. B. to Q's 6th would permit the White to play their Q. Xt.'s P. 01111

&quare, with advantage.t The Black have no resource left.

t Longer resistance would be frivoloua and vexatious, and the French-men with good grace resign.§ This unfortunate counter attack II admirably taken advantage or by

M . P e tro ft'.

staunton - the chess player's handbook

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