status of efforts: south-east asia
DESCRIPTION
Threat Convergence Nonproliferation and Counterterrorism Status of Efforts SeriesTRANSCRIPT
Nonproliferation and Counterterrorism
Status of Efforts: South-East Asia
April 2011
The Fund for Peace is an independent, nonpartisan, 501(c)(3) non-profit research and educational organization that
works to prevent violent conflict and promote sustainable security. We promote sustainable security through
research, training and education, engagement of civil society, building bridges across diverse sectors, and
developing innovative technologies and tools for policy makers. A leader in the conflict assessment and early
warning field, the Fund for Peace focuses on the problems of weak and failing states. Our objective is to create
practical tools and approaches for conflict mitigation that are useful to decision-makers.
Copyright © 2011 The Fund for Peace.
All rights reserved.
This program description is proprietary to The Fund for Peace.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent from The Fund for Peace.
The Fund for Peace Transnational Threats
Threat Convergence Status of Efforts Briefing Number 1
Series Editor
Patricia Taft
Report Written by
Ryan Costello
The Fund for Peace Publication FFP : TTCVR1105 (Version 11E)
Circulation: PUBLIC
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Introduction & Contents
WMD Nonproliferation Activities 4
Export Control Laws & Projects in Place 5
Counterterrorism Initiatives 6
CTC Technical Assistance Matrix 7
Antiterrorism Instruments 14
Anti-Money Laundering and
Finance Initiatives 16
U.S. Multilateral Initiatives 18
Endnotes 19
3 The Fund for Peace www.fundforpeace.org
South-East Asia
Overview
The Fund for Peace is an
independent, nonpartisan, 501(c)(3) non-
profit research and educational organization
that works to prevent violent conflict and
promote sustainable security.
We promote sustainable security through
research, training and education, engagement
of civil society, building bridges across
diverse sectors, and developing innovative
technologies and tools for policy makers.
A leader in the conflict assessment and early
warning field, the Fund for Peace focuses on
the problems of weak and failing states. Our
objective is to create practical tools and
approaches for conflict mitigation that are
useful to decision-makers.
The Fund for Peace offers a wide range of
initiatives focused on our central objective:
to promote sustainable security and the
ability of a state to solve its own problems
peacefully without an external military or
administrative presence. Our programs fall
into three primary thematic areas:
• Conflict Early Warning and Assessment;
• Transnational Threats; and
• Sustainable Development, Sustainable
Security.
After three years of project work, in January
2009, The Fund for Peace established its
program on Threat Convergence to explore
the linkages among the three biggest threats
to global security: fragile states, the
proliferation of weapons of mass destruction
(WMD), and terrorism. The program aims to:
• raise the profile of the challenges in
vulnerable, fragile and ungoverned regions
on the nonproliferation agenda;
• explore how these regions may serve as
enabling environments for nuclear
terrorism;
• promote more coherent and strategic
policy approaches to nuclear terrorism and
illicit nuclear trafficking; and
• become a hub for threat convergence-
related analysis.
The program encourages innovative and
fresh approaches to the issue by convening
experts, performing extensive field research
in some of the world’s most difficult
environments, and by partnering with
international and regional organizations to
explore how the threat of catastrophic
terrorism emanating from weak and failing
states can be prevented.
About Threat Convergence
South-East Asia
WMD Nonproliferation Activities
4 The Fund for Peace www.fundforpeace.org
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Biological Toxin Weapons Convention (1972)
State Party State Party Signatory State Party State Party State Party State Party
International Atomic Energy Agency
CSA/AP CSA CSA CSA CSA/AP CSA CSA
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (1980)
State Party - - State Party - - -
Joint Convention on the Safety of State Partyent Fuel Management and on the safety of Radioactive Waste Management (1997)
Signatory - - Signatory - - -
Convention on Nuclear Safety (1994)
State Party - - Signatory State Party - -
International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (2005)
- Signatory - Signatory Signatory Signatory -
Southeast Asian Nuclear Weapons Free Zone (Bangkok Treaty, 1995)
State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party
UNSCR 1540 Reports submitted1 28 Oct 2004 22 Nov 2005
26 Oct 2004 6 Apr 2005 28 Oct 2004 28 Oct 2005 30 Nov 2005
21 Oct 2004 29 Aug 2005
5 Nov 2004 26 Oct 2004 12 Dec 2005
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (not yet entered into force)
Signatory State Party Signatory State Party State Party Signatory State Party
Chemical Weapons Convention (1993)
State Party State Party Signatory State Party State Party State Party State Party
Abbreviations: AP: Additional Protocol in Force CSA: Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement in Force
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South-East Asia
Export Control Laws and Projects in Place
Indonesia Indonesia does not participate in any multinational export control regimes, though it has implemented national
export control regulations, such as Regulation No. 29/2008 concerning the exportation of pengion radiation resources
Malaysia Malaysia does not participate in any multinational export control regimes nor did it have any national legislation
concerning the export of nuclear materials or technology. It does receive assistance from the United States through
the Export Control and Border-Related Security (EXBS) program to improve its export control system. However,
Malaysia’s lack of export controls caught negative international attention as it became a transit route for WMD related
materials. In April 2010 Malaysia released the Strategic Trade Act, which illegalized the shipment of WMD related
materials through Malaysia. The law represents an important first step in compliance with UNSCR 1540.
Myanmar Myanmar’s Notification 10/1999 prohibits the trade, border trade, and transit trade of firearms. A series of internal
laws regulate the trafficking of weapons and illicit chemicals. Not a participant in the CS/NP/MP initiatives.
Philippines The Philippines has implemented several national export control measures concerning the transfer of nuclear
materials and technology, including: the Republic Act 6969, the Republic Act 2067 and the Republic Act 5207.
National legislation establishes control over the importation, exportation, procurement, processing and handling of,
inter alia, radioactive materials and instruments, atomic energy facilities and materials, chemical substances, and
explosives. The Philippines also received U.S. assistance through a developmental grant from the Export Control and
Border-Related Security (EXBS) program in September 2006.
Singapore Singapore has implemented several export control measures including the Strategic Goods (Control) Act, which
regulates the transfer of goods and technology that could be used for the production of WMD, the Regulation of
Imports and Exports Acts, Arms and Explosives Act, and the Chemical Weapons (Prohibition) Act.
Thailand Thailand has several export control laws which regulate the transfer of arms and toxic chemicals. As of 2005,
Thailand planned to implement an end-user certification system to bolster export control efforts. Thailand has
received assistance through the Export Control and Border Security (EXBS) program to improve port and border
security and strengthen export controls regarding munitions, dual use goods, and related technologies.
Vietnam Vietnam has regulations governing the use of nuclear, chemical and biological materials, including the Environmental
Protection Act and the Law on Atomic Energy. Vietnam law also has criminalized terrorism and regulates the
possession of any type of weapon. Vietnam is involved in nonproliferation regimes and takes advantage of training
programs through the Export Control and Border Security (EXBS) program.
South-East Asia
Counterterrorism Initiatives
6 The Fund for Peace www.fundforpeace.org
Pursuant to U.N. Security Council
Resolutions 1373 and 1624 CTC Cooperation UNSCR 1373 Reports submitted
UNSCR 1624 Reports submitted
UNODC Terrorism Prevention Branch activities
Indonesia CTC assistance received 2001-2008
1) S/2001/1245 4) S/2004/670 2) S/2002/731 5) S/2006/311 3) S/2003/267
See: S/2006/311 Provided with direct assis-tance by UNODC’s Terrorism Prevention Branch.2
Malaysia CTC assistance received 2001-2007
1) S/2002/35 4) S/2004/778 2) S/2002/1334 5) S/2005/846 3) S/2003/729
- -
Myanmar CTC assistance received 2001-2006
1) S/2001/1144 2) S/2002/1045 3) S/2004/295 4) S/2005/519 5) S/2006/902
See: S/2006/902 Provided with direct assis-tance by UNODC’s Terrorism Prevention Branch.
Philippines CTC assistance received 2001-2007
1) S/2001/1290 & Add.1 2) S/2002/785 3) S/2003/979 4) S/2005/109
- The Philippines observed the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) workshop in Vienna, Austria in July 2008. 3
Singapore CTC assistance received 2001-2007
1) S/2001/1234 4) S/2004/133 2) S/2002/690 5) S/2006/120 3) S/2003/480
See: S/2006/120 Singapore observed the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) workshop in Vienna, Austria in July 2008.
Thailand CTC assistance received 2001-2007
1) S/2002/10 3) S/2003/915 2) S/2002/882 4) S/2004/1023
S/2006/399 Provided with direct assis-tance by UNODC’s Terrorism Prevention Branch.
Vietnam CTC assistance received 2001-2007
1) S/2002/148 4) S/2005/165 2) S/2003/128 5) S/2006/121 3) S/2003/1171
S/2007/425 Provided with direct assis-tance by UNODC’s Terrorism Prevention Branch.
South-East Asia
CTC Technical Assistance Matrix
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Civil Aviation
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1/1/2002; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 1/1/2007 10 7
Malaysia 1/1/2001; 1/1/2003 4 2
Myanmar 1/1/2003 2 1
Philippines 1/1/2001 1 1
Singapore 1 0
Thailand 1/1/2001; 1/1/2002; 2/1/2006 8 3
Vietnam 1/1/2001; 1/8/2006 9 2
Customs & Border Control
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1/1/2001; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 3/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 1/1/2007; 3/1/2007; 5/1/2007; 1/1/2008
26 20
Malaysia 1/1/2001; 1/1/2002; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006;11/1/2006 14 8
Myanmar 1/1/2001; 1/1/2001; 1/1/2005 3 3
Philippines 1/1/2001; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 9/1/2006 15 12
Singapore 1/1/2001; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2005; 2/1/2007 4 4
Thailand 1/1/2001; 1/1/2001; 1/1/2002; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006
15 8
Vietnam 1/1/2001; 1/1/2001; 1/1/2002; 1/1/2002; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006 15 7
8 The Fund for Peace www.fundforpeace.org
Counter-terrorism Law and Practice
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1/1/2002; 1/1/2003; 3/31/2003; 5/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 9/26/2005; 11/14/2005; 11/15/2005; 12/12/2005; 1/1/2006; 4/3/2006; 10/1/2006; 1/1/2007; 1/31/2007; 2/1/2007; 3/1/2007; 5/1/2007
26 18
Malaysia 1/1/2002; 3/31/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2006; 7/1/2006 7 6
Myanmar 8/26/2004; 1/1/2006 10 2
Philippines 1/1/2001; 1/1/2002; 1/1/2003; 11/15/2005; 1/1/2006; 1/10/2006 8 5
Singapore 1/1/2003; 1/1/2006 4 2
Thailand 1/1/2003; 3/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2004; 1/16/2005; 1/1/2006; 1/1/2007; 11/1/2007
10 8
Vietnam 1/1/2004; 2/1/2004; 11/22/2004; 11/22/2004; 12/1/2004; 1/1/2006; 5/21/2007; 5/21/2007
20 8
Extradition Law and Practice
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 3 0
Malaysia 2 0
Myanmar 2 0
Philippines 2 0
Singapore 0 0
Thailand 0 0
Vietnam 3 0
CTC Technical Assistance Matrix
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Expert Monitoring and Illegal Arms Trafficking
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1/1/2002; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 8/1/2007 9 6
Malaysia 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 5/1/2006; 7/1/2006 7 7
Myanmar 1/1/2004; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 4 4
Philippines 1/1/2002; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 5/1/2006; 7/1/2006; 1/1/2007 8 8
Singapore 1/1/2003; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2004; 4 4
Thailand 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 5/1/2006; 6 6
Vietnam 1/1/2002; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005 7 5
Financial Law and Practice
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1/1/2001; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2004; 2/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 5/1/2006; 12/1/2006; 1/1/2008
31 15
Malaysia 1/1/2002; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 7/5/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 9/1/2006 16 11
Myanmar 7/5/2004; 4 1
Philippines 1/1/2001; 1/1/2002; 1/1/2003; 9/23/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006 21 11
Singapore 1/1/2004; 1/1/2003; 5 2
Thailand 1/1/2001; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2004; 7/5/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 5/8/2005; 1/1/2006; 1/1/2007; 1/1/2007;
24 12
Vietnam 1/1/2002; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2004; 7/5/2004; 35 4
CTC Technical Assistance Matrix
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Immigration Law and Practice
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1/1/2001; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 1/1/2007 13 9
Malaysia 1/1/2001; 1/1/2006; 6/19/2006; 11/6/2006 7 4
Myanmar 1/1/2001; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006 5 4
Philippines 1/1/2001; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 11/6/2006 9 7
Singapore 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 8/7/2006; 11/6/2006 4 4
Thailand 1/1/2001; 1/1/2005; 6/1/2005; 1/1/2006 11 4
Vietnam 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005 8 3
Military Counter-terrorism Training
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1/1/2003; 1/1/2005 4 2
Malaysia 1/1/2002; 1/1/2005 3 3
Myanmar 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005 2 2
Philippines 1/1/2003; 1/1/2005 3 2
Singapore 1/1/2005 2 1
Thailand 1/1/2003; 1/1/2005 2 2
Vietnam 1/1/2005 1 1
CTC Technical Assistance Matrix
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Maritime Security
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 8/26/2002; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 5/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 3/13/2006; 1/1/2007; 7/1/2007; 1/1/2008
27 20
Malaysia 1/1/2001; 7/1/2003; 5/24/2004; 1/1/2005; 9/1/2006 13 12
Myanmar 8/26/2002; 5/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006 7 7
Philippines 1/1/2002; 7/1/2002; 9/26/2002; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006 15 14
Singapore 8/26/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006 6 6
Thailand 1/1/2001; 3/1/2001; 1/1/2002; 8/26/2002; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 11/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 1/1/2007
13 12
Vietnam 1/1/2001; 1/1/2002; 8/26/2002; 6/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 6/1/2006; 7/1/2006; 8/1/2006; 12/1/2006
14 12
National Security
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1 0
Malaysia 1/1/2003 1 1
Myanmar 0 0
Philippines 0 0
Singapore 0 0
Thailand 0 0
Vietnam 0 0
CTC Technical Assistance Matrix
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Police and Law Enforcement
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1/1/2000; 1/1/2001; 1/1/2002; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 7/1/2006; 1/8/2006; 10/1/2006; 1/1/2007; 3/1/2007; 4/1/2007; 4/27/2007; 5/14/2007; 9/1/2007; 11/1/2007; 1/1/2008
55 44
Malaysia 1/1/2001; 6/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 1/1/2007 16 8
Myanmar 1/1/2001; 1/1/2006; 1/1/2006 4 3
Philippines 1/1/2001; 1/1/2002; 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 5/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006 18 16
Singapore 1/1/2003; 1/1/2004; 1/1/2006; 11/1/2006 5 4
Thailand 1/1/2001; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2005; 7/1/2006; 1/1/2007; 1/1/2007; 1/1/2007; 1/1/2007; 1/1/2007; 1/1/2007; 1/1/2007; 1/1/2007; 1/1/2007; 1/1/2007; 1/1/2007
20 16
Vietnam 1/1/2001; 1.1.2001; 1/1/2002; 1/1/2004; 4/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 1/1/2006; 3/13/2006; 5/15/2006; 7/13/2006; 8/31/2006; 9/25/2006;
25 12
Training and Capacity Building for the Judiciary
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1/1/2002; 1/1/2003; 4/1/2004; 5/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 3/1/2007; 4/1/2007 13 12
Malaysia 5/1/2004 1 1
Myanmar 0 0
Philippines 1/1/2004 1 1
Singapore 5/1/2004; 1 1
Thailand 1/1/2003; 1 1
Vietnam 4/1/2007; 5/21/2007; 6 2
CTC Technical Assistance Matrix
CTC Technical Assistance Matrix
13 The Fund for Peace www.fundforpeace.org
Transportation Security
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1 0
Malaysia 0 0
Myanmar 0 0
Philippines 1 0
Singapore 0 0
Thailand 0 0
Vietnam 0 0
Other
Date(s) Provided Number of Requests
Numbers of Assistance Provisions
Indonesia 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 3/1/2005; 11/1/2006; 1/1/2007; 7/12/2007 9 7
Malaysia 1/1/2004; 1/1/2005; 3/1/2005; 11/1/2006; 1/1/2007; 7/12/2007 9 7
South-East Asia
Antiterrorism Instruments
14 The Fund for Peace www.fundforpeace.org
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed On Board Aircraft (1963)
State Partyb State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft (1970)
State Partyc State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation (1971)
State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents (1973)
- - State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party
International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages (1979)
- - State Party State Party - State Party -
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (1980)
State Party - - State Party - - -
Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, supplementary to the Convention for the Suppres-sion of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation (1988)
Signatory State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (1988)
- - State Party - State Party - State Party
Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf (1988)
- - State Party - - - State Party
Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection (1991)
- State Partyd State Party State Partye State Party State Party -
International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (1997)
- - State Party State Party State Party State Party -
Antiterrorism Instruments
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Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (1999)
State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party State Party
International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (2005)
Signatory - - - Signatory Signatory -
Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
State Party - - State Party - - -
Protocol of 2005 to the Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation
- - - - - - -
Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of fixed platforms located on the continental shelf
- - - - - - -
a Extract from the Report of the Secretary-General on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism (Doc. A/63/173),
http://www.un.org/ga/sixth/63/Terrorism_Table_63rd.pdf
b Indonesia signed the document with the caveat that it is not bound by Article 24, Paragraph 1 of the treaty.
c Indonesia signed the document with reservation with reState Partyect to Article 12, Paragraph 1 of the convention.
d Malaysia declared that it is not a producer state and is therefore unbound by Article XIII, Paragraph 2.
e The Philippines declared that it was not a producer state and is therefore unbound by Article XIII, Paragraph 2.
16 The Fund for Peace www.fundforpeace.org
South-East Asia
Anti-Money Laundering and Finance Initiatives
International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Financing
Implementation of FATF 40+9 recommendations APGML Mutual Evaluation
Reports Status
Indonesia Signed 24 Sep 2001 Ratified 29 Jun 2006
Deemed either “partially compliant” or “non compliant” in 36 of 40 recommendations and all 9 special recom-mendations. The 2008 APG Report4 cites insufficient legal action to combat terrorist financing and deficient law enforcement capabilities to convict money launderers. There is a Financial Intelligence Unit in place.
Completed second round evaluation on July 9, 2008
Malaysia Ratified 29 May 2007 Deemed either “compliant” or “largely compliant” in 33 of 40 recommendations and 9 special recommendations. The APG’s 2007 report5 states that Malaysia is consis-tent with the international standards set forth in the 2001 AMLA Act. Malaysia has improved laws and tightened compliance related to AML/CTF.
Completed second round evaluation on July 25, 2007
Myanmar Signed Nov 12, 2001 Ratified Aug 16, 2006
Myanmar joined the APG in 2006 and was removed from the FATF non-cooperative countries and territories (NCCT) list in October 2006. Myanmar has not yet criminalized terrorist financing. The 2008 APG Report7 determined that Myanmar was either “compliant” or “largely compliant” in only 4 of 40 recommendations and 0 of 9 special recommendations. Myanmar was found to be “partially compliant” in 25 of 40 recommen-dations and 3 of 9 special recommendations, and “non-compliant” in 9 of 40 recommendations and 6 of 9 special recommendations.
First evaluation completed on July 10, 2008 (2nd round)
Philippines Signed Nov 16, 2001 Enacted the Human Security Act to criminalize terrorism and terrorist financing. A Financial Intelligent Unit is in place per the 2001 AMLA Act. The 2009 APG Report6 verifies that measures have been taken to implement all 40+9 recommendations.
Completed second round evaluation on July 8, 2009
Singapore Signed Dec 18, 2001 Ratified Dec 30, 2002
Singapore’s efforts to combat money laundering and terrorist financing are based on a strong and compre-hensive legal-institutional framework. Singapore has implemented many recommended measures including the creation of a financial intelligence unit (FIU) and a suspicious transaction reporting regime. The 2008 APG Report10 found that Singapore was “compliant” or “largely compliant” with 34 of 40 recommendations and 9 of 9 special recommendations.
Completed second round evaluation on February 29, 2008
17 The Fund for Peace www.fundforpeace.org
International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Financing
Implementation of FATF 40+9 recommendations APGML Mutual Evaluation
Reports Status
Thailand Signed Dec 18, 2001 Ratified Sep 29, 2004
Thailand has made improvements in combating money laundering and terrorist financing but lacks a compre-hensive and strong legal-institutional framework. The IMF’s 2007 Report11 found that Thailand was “compliant” or “largely compliant” in only 6 of 40 recommendations and no special recommendations. Thailand was “partially compliant” in 23 of 40 recom-mendations and 6 of 9 special recommendations, and “non-compliant” in 10 of 40 recommendations and 3 of 9 special recommendations.
Completed second round evaluation on July 24, 2007
Vietnam Ratified Sep 25, 2002 Terrorist financing is not criminalized as an autonomous offense, and there are no laws allowing for the freezing of terrorists funds. The 2009 APG Report9 indicated that Vietnam was only “compliant” or “largely compliant” in 4 of 40 recommendations and no special recommenda-tions. Vietnam was “partially compliant” in 23 of 40 recommendations and 2 of 9 special recommendations, and “non-compliant” in 11 of 40 recommendations and 7 of 9 special recommendations.
Completed second round evaluation on July 8, 2009
Anti-Money Laundering and Finance Initiatives
South-East Asia
U.S. Multilateral Initiatives
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Container Security Initiative
Proliferation Security Initiative
Megaports Initiative (National Nuclear Security Administration)
Indonesia - - -
Malaysia Participant - Port Klang, Operational
Myanmar - - -
Philippines - Participant Manila, Operational
Singapore Participant Participant Pasir Panjang, Operational
Thailand Participant - Laem Chabang, Operational
Vietnam - - -
19 The Fund for Peace www.fundforpeace.org
Endnotes
South-East Asia
References
• Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering Mutual Evaluation Reports: http://www.apgml.org/documents/default.aspx?DocumentCategoryID=17
• National Reports to the UN Security Council 1540 Committee: http://www.un.org/sc/1540/nationalreports.shtml
• US Container Security Initiative: http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/trade/cargo_security/csi/
• FATF 40 Recommendations on Money Laundering: http://www.fatf-gafi.org/document/28/0,3343,en_32250379_32236930_33658140_1_1_1_1,00.html
• FATF 9 Recommendations on Terrorist Financing: http://www.fatf-gafi.org/document/9/0,3343,en_32250379_32236920_34032073_1_1_1_1,00.html
• FATF Typologies Report on Proliferation Financing: http://www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/14/21/41146580.pdf
• International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism: http://www.un.org/law/cod/finterr.htm
• US Megaports Initiative: http://nnsa.energy.gov/nuclear_nonproliferation/1641.htm
• Proliferation Security Initiative: http://www.state.gov/t/isn/c10390.htm
• UN Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee: http://www.un.org/sc/ctc/
• UN Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Terrorism Prevention Branch: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/terrorism/index.html
• Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Bangkok): http://www.nti.org/e_research/official_docs/inventory/pdfs/seanwfz.pdf
Useful URL Links
1. 1540 reports by country available at: http://www.nti.org/db/1540/region_easia.html &
http://www.nti.org/db/1540/region_sasia.html
2. See UNODC’s “Delivering Counter-Terrorism Assistance,” March 2009 report, http://www.unodc.org/documents/terrorism/
TPB_brochure_English_final_printed_copy.pdf
3. Ibid.
4. APG 2nd Mutual Evaluation Report on Indonesia, July 9, 2008, http://www.apgml.org/documents/docs/17/Indonesia%20MER2_FINAL.pdf
5. APG Mutual Evaluation Report on Malaysia, July 25, 2007, http://www.apgml.org/documents/docs/17/Malaysian%20MER%20-%20FINAL%20August%
202007.pdf
6. APG 2nd Mutual Evaluation Report on the Philippines, July 8, 2009, http://www.apgml.org/documents/docs/17/The%20Philippines%20DAR%20-%
20Final%20%20210809.pdf
7. APG Mutual Evaluation Report on Myanmar, July 10, 2008, http://www.apgml.org/documents/docs/17/Myanmar%202008.pdf
8. APG 2nd Mutual Evaluation Report on Bangladesh, July 8, 2009, http://www.apgml.org/documents/docs/17/Bangladesh%20ME2%20-%
20final120809.pdf
9. APG 2nd Mutual Evaluation Report on Vietnam, July 8, 2009, http://www.apgml.org/documents/docs/17/Vietnam%20ME1.pdf
10. APG 2nd Mutual Evaluation Report on Singapore, February 29, 2008, http://www.apgml.org/documents/docs/17/Singapore%20ME1.pdf
11. IMF 2nd Mutual Evaluation Report on Thailand, July 24, 2007, http://www.apgml.org/documents/docs/17/Thailand%20DAR.pdf
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