status and priorities of soil management in peru - julio alegre
TRANSCRIPT
STATUS AND PRIORITIES OF SOIL MANAGEMENT IN PERU
TECHNICAL WORKSHOP: “MANAGING LIVING SOILS”
5-7 December 2012, FAO, Rome, Italy
JULIO ALEGRE
Professor: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Perú
OUTLINE • OVERVIEW
• LAND USE SYSTEMS
• STATUS OF SOIL RESOURCES
• PRIORITIES OF SOIL MANAGEMENT.
COAST
JUNGLE
HIGHLAND
NO APPROPIATE AREAS TO EXPAND THE CROPPING AREA
Deforestation for death fences: 500 trees/year
AGRICULTURE
SCIENCE OF TERRACES
ESTABILIZATION OF SLOPES
CHANNEL FOR
IRRIGATION h = 1 m
z = 15 - 30%
d >= 2 m
ORGANIZATION AND COMMUNITY WORKTO STABLIZE SLOPES
TERRACES OF SLOW FORMATION
Valle del Colca - Arequipa
Isla de Taquile - Puno
Andenes de Chacawira - Tacna
Andenes de Qalaqala - Tacna
Andenes de Carania en Yauyos - Lima
Andenes de Laraos en Yauyos - Lima
Andenes de Cuchumbaya - Moquegua
Andenes de Ollantaytambo - Cusco
AGROFORESTRY
150,000 ha/year of deforestation with slash and burn system
ULTISOL of upland areas
Risk of physical and chemical degradation
Cedrelinga cataeniformis
Colubrina glandulosa Bactris gasipaes
Inga edulis
Centrosema macrocarpum
Soil Macrofauna
Use of the earthworm Pontoscolex coretroturus as an indicator of soil compaction in pastures (Julio Alegre)
No grazingreo Grazing 3 a/ha
Grazing 6a/ha
Grazing 12 a/ha Natural pasture
overgrazing
Runoff and soil erosion in rice cropping and alley cropping in Yurimaguas, Perú
Treatments mean of 5 years Runnoff (mm) rice alone 414 alley cropping 60 EE 15 Soil Erosion (t ha–1) rice alone 69 alley cropping 5 EE 3
Source : Alegre and Rao (1996) EE = Mean standar error
Land use systems of different ages
Car
bon
in s
yste
m (t
ha
-1)
0 50
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
C in soil (1 m depth)
C in biomass
SOIL MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES PHYSICAL
LOW SCALE MAPS FOR SOIL SURVEY RECOVERING DEGRADED SOILS (SALINITY, ERODED,
DEFORESTATION) RECOVERING INCA TERRACES INTENSIVE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF EXISTING
DEFORESTATED AREAS AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLICIES: LAND TENURE LAWS FOR SOIL CONSERVATION INSENTIVES ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Thank you for your attention