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Ms. S.N.E. Mnguni

Plant Health: Early Warning Systems

Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries

Status and impact of Bactrocera invadens in

South Africa, the history and the current situation

Bactrocera invadens

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Fruitflies impact to the economy

The most feared, destructive phytosanitary pests!

Pose an economic problem throughout the whole world

Threatens commercial and non- commercial fruit industries

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Fruitflies impact to the economy

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Examples of economic impact of B.invadens in Africa

East Africa

In Senegal,fruitflies infestation caused a loss of more than 40% on mango production

West Africa

In Ghana, heavy losses estimated to be 60-85%

Southern Africa

In Niassa Province (Mozambique) led to loss of $2.5 million

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National Exotic Fruit Fly Survey

The National surveillance program started in 2006

National Plant Protection Organisation of South Africa (NPPOZA)

:EWS/IS

POE’s, Major cities, production areas, transects

Initial Development of the SA Fruit Fly Action Plan including industry

Intensified Action Plan was developed

after B. invadens infestation was officially reported in Zambia,

Mozambique and Namibia

Bactrocera invadens steering committee (BiSC) was formed: Industry

members plus DAFF

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Detection survey for B. invadens in South Africa

To determine if pest is present in an area.

Early detection can make eradication of the pest possible.

Information from detection surveys (trapping) can be used in establishment of pest

free areas

An area in which a specific pest does not occur as demonstrated by scientific

evidence and in which, where appropriate, this condition is being officially

maintained.

PFA status is accepted based on compliance with relevant ISPMS

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Trapping: POE/Cities

All the major cities in South Africa

Mostly border posts in the north and east of SA

Focus is imported goods as well as travelers

ME, Biolure and Cue lure traps

Traps placed at areas around waste dumps, hotels, sports grounds

Serviced once a month by NPPO

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Transects

From Platjan to Pafuri

Musina to Louis Trichardt

Lebombo to Nelspruit

Golela to Kosi Bay

ME and Biolure traps

Serviced mostly two weekly in winter once a month by the NPPO

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Production Areas

Divided amongst industry members and executed mostly by industry

Also by NPPO

ME and Biolure

NPPO a few Cue lure traps

Serviced monthly

Focus country wide but mostly in Limpopo and Mpumalanga by Citrus

and Subtropical industry

Focus by deciduous industry mostly in western an northern cape

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Trapping for B. invadens and other exotic fruit flies

Attractants:

Methyl Eugenol (ME)

Attracts males of B. invadens

Biolure 3-component lure or protein bait

Attracts males and females of B. invadens and other

fruit flies

Cue lure

Attracts males of B. cucurbitae and Dacus species

Trap – Chempac Bucket trap,Lynfield,MacPhail or

Moroccan trap

DDVP strip

Trap serviced 1-2 times per month depending on available

capacity in particular areas

Moroccan trap

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Lure used

Methyl eugenol lure Methyl eugenol block

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Lure used

Biolure

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Killing strip

Vapona-”Cheese”

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Bucket type trap

Chempac bucket traps

Morocco trap

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Bucket type trap

Lynfield trap

McPhail trap

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WEIPE & GROBLERSBRUG 2010

Detection: 1st 5 May 2010 (Weipe), 2nd 21 May (Groblersbrug)

Delimiting: 12 May (Weipe), 2 August (Groblersbrug)

Eradication commenced in June (Weipe) ,17 September (Groblersbrug)

Eradication: intensive control efforts over specified time

BiSC determined a quarantine area weekly meetings since detection

In terms of R110 movement control was initiated

Growers meetings were conducted for citrus and vegetable producers on

the area

Strict movement control was instated for fresh produce form the area via

permits

Permits are conditional to several measures to interact

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Eradication

Application of protein bait sprays,M3 bait station and the deployment of male annihilation

blocks

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2010

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QUARANTINE AREA MEASURES

Surveillance

Sanitation

Eradication measures

Inspection

Movement conditions

Post harvest treatment

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STATUS 2011

5 areas were hit in total

23 March Tshipise

25 May Weipe

25 May Groblersbrug

22 June Nwanedi

17 August Levubu

An official eradication program was instated according to the South African B.

invadens action plan after every hit.

Stakeholder involvement

Eradication successful!!!

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2011

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STATUS 2012

By Limpopo River border area from Pontdrift border post to Beitbridge area,

bordering both Botswana and Zimbabwe

The Musina town residential area

Tshipise area which is 40km south east of Beitbridge

The Louis Trichadt town residential area

Levubu area

The Mpumalanga province in Burgershall area,Hoedspruit and Deerpark

The detections were between month February and May

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WHAT NOW??

Eradication was initiated in all the areas where B. invadens was detected

Bilateral communications with the relevant NPPO’s are underway

The status of B. invadens in S.A. is transient, actionable and under

eradication

DAFF continues to manage, ensuring appropriate measures of protection

are well taken in accordance with relevant international standards

Even though Bi was successfully eradicated in Northern parts of SA,

threat of reinvasion in other parts of SA remains a possibility

Therefore, it is very important to maintain a surveillance network to

ensure rapid response

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Status

The status notified to the IPPC, trading partners and neighboring

countries is:

Transient – actionable and under surveillance

It needs to be updated to – Transient- actionable and under eradication

It is in every producer’s best interest to start with surveillance

This will help to form a definite picture where B. invadens does not

occur

Bilateral communications with the relevant NPPO’s are underway

DAFF continues to manage, ensuring appropriate measures of

protection are well taken in accordance with relevant international

standards

Even though Bi was successfully eradicated in Northern parts of SA,

threat of reinvasion in other parts of SA remains a possibility

Therefore, it is very important to maintain a surveillance network to

ensure rapid response

THANK YOU!