statistical profile on female genital mutilation · female genital mutilation (fgm) refers to...
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SELECTED STATISTICS ON WOMEN’S STATUS
2% of women 20-24 years were married orin union before age 15
5% of women 20-24 years were married orin union before age 18
90% Females as a percentage of malesenrolled in primary school
80% Females as a percentage of malesenrolled in secondary school
18%of women 15-49 years in unioncurrently using any contraceptivemethod
Source: MICS 2006, Rapport Annuel 2008 - DSME, UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2012
Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.”1 While the exact number of girls and women worldwide who have undergone FGM remains unknown, at least 200 million girls and women have been cut in 30 countries with representative data on prevalence. FGM is a violation of girls’ and women’s human rights and is condemned by many international treaties and conventions, as well as by national legislation in many countries. Yet, where it is practised FGM is performed in line with tradition and social norms to ensure that girls are socially accepted and marriageable, and to uphold their status and honour and that of the entire family. UNICEF works with government and civil society partners towards the elimination of FGM in countries where it is still practised.
1. World Health Organization, Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An interagency statement, WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNIFEM, OHCHR, UNHCR, UNECA, UNESCO, UNDP, UNAIDS, WHO, Geneva, 2008, p. 4.
STATISTICAL PROFILE ON FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION
Data and Analytics SectionDIVISION OF DATA, RESEARCH AND POLICY
National decree/legislation banning FGM passed (amended in 2009)1995
DJIBOUTI
HOW WIDESPREAD IS THE PRACTICE?
FGM is nearly universal in Djibouti among girls and women of reproductive age, with little variation by place of residence
WHEN AND HOW IS FGM PERFORMED?
In Djibouti, 30 per cent of girls experience the most severe form of cutting, involving the cutting and sewing of genital parts
Notes: The boundaries and the names shown and the designations used on the map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Only categories with 25 or more unweighted cases are presented. Due to rounding, some of the data presented may not add up to 100 per cent. There are no ethnicity, religion or wealth index data for Djibouti. Data on the prevalence of FGM among daughters of mothers with ‘Koranic/nonstandard curriculum’ are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. ‘Health personnel’ includes doctors, nurses, midwives and other health workers; ‘Traditional practitioner’ includes traditional circumcisers, traditional birth attendants, traditional midwives and other types of traditional practitioners.
Source for all charts on this page: MICS 2006
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 yearswho have undergone FGM, by region Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, by residence
Percentage of girls and women aged 15-49 years with at least one living daughter who has undergone FGM, by residence and mother’s education
Percentage distribution of girls and women aged 15 to 49 with at least one living daughter who has undergone FGM, by age at which cutting occurred
Percentage distribution of girls and women aged 15 to 49 with at least one living daughter who has undergone
FGM, according to the type of person/practitioner performing the procedure
Percentage distribution of girls and women aged 15 to 49 with at least one living daughter who has
undergone FGM, by type of FGM performed
Among daughters of cut girls and women, the percentage of those who have undergone FGM, by mothers’ attitudes about whether
the practice should continue
10-25%
26-50%
51-80%
Less than 10%
Above 80%
93 96 93
0
20
40
60
80
100
Total Rural Urban
49 58
48 53 45
33 27
Total Rural Urban No education Primarycomplete
Secondaryor higher
Koranic/non-standard
curriculum
0
20
40
60
80
100
62 62
38
Daughters whosemothers think FGM
should continue
Daughters whosemothers say it
depends
Daughters whosemothers think
FGM should stop
0
20
40
60
80
100
0-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15+ years
Don't know/Missing
62 112 3
0 20 40 60 80 100
22
21
78
2
Traditionalpractitioner
Health personnel
Don’t knowMissing
15
53
30
3
Cut, fleshremoved
Type not determined/Not sure/Don’t know
Cut, no fleshremoved/Nicked
Sewn closed
WHAT ARE THE PREVAILING ATTITUDES TOWARDS FGM?
Over one third of women in Djibouti think FGM should stop, with girls and women with secondary education or above less likely to support the practice
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM, by their attitudes about whether the practice should continue
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM and think the practice should continue, by residence, education and age
IS THE PRACTICE OF FGM CHANGING?
There has been no significant change in the prevalence of FGM/C across generations, but there is a trend towards less severe types of cutting
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, by current age
Notes: There are no data by ethnicity or wealth index for Djibouti. Source for all charts on this page: MICS 2006
Percentage distribution of girls and women aged 15-19 years and 45-49 years who have undergone FGM/C, by the type of FGM/C performed
Total Rural Urban Koranic/non-standardcurriculum
No education Primary complete
Secondaryor higher
45-49 years 15-19 years
Think FGM should continue Think FGM should stop Say it depends/are not sure
Age 45-49
Age 15-19
Sewn closed Cut, flesh removed Cut, no flesh removed/Nicked Type not determined/Not sure/Doesn’t know
15-19 years45-49 years
94
40-44 years
93
35-39 years
95
30-34 years
96
25-29 years
93
20-24 years
94
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years with at least one living daughter who has undergone FGM
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM and think the practice should continue
DJIBOUTI
INTER-COUNTRY STATISTICAL OVERVIEW
Notes: Data on attitudes for Yemen refer to ever-married girls and women. In Liberia, girls and women who have heard of the Sande society were asked whether they were members; this provides indirect information on FGM since it is performed during initiation into the society. MICS data for Ghana (2011) could not be used to report on attitudes towards FGM due to the fact that information is missing for girls and women with no living daughters; data from MICS 2006 are used instead. In Liberia, only cut girls and women were asked about their attitudes towards FGM; since girls and women from practicing communities are more likely to support the practice, the level of support in this country as captured by DHS 2013 is higher than would be expected had all girls and women been asked their opinion. Prevalence data on FGM for girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and data on attitudes towards FGM are not available for Indonesia.
Sources: DHS, MICS, Health Issues Survey, Population and Health Survey and RISKESDAS, 2004-2018.
Updated January 2019
FOR MORE INFORMATIONData and Analytics Section - Division of Data, Research and Policy
UNICEF, 3 UN Plaza, New York, 10017Website: data.unicef.org Email: [email protected]
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