statistical analysis steps
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Principles & steps of Statistical Principles & steps of Statistical
Analysis Analysis ا�������� ا������ا����ت و��ا� ا��� ا����ت و��ا� ا�
Dr. Eyas . G . A .RahimDr. Eyas . G . A .RahimDr. Eyas . G . A .RahimDr. Eyas . G . A .Rahim ا�����.د�� � ا��س ��
2/7 /2007
School of Economics
Sharq Elnile University
Variables
Estimation
Statistics
Dataا
Time series' data Cross-section data
Quantitative variables
variables
Estimation stage
d=z or t*SE d=z or t*SE
d=z or t* d=z or t* σσ//√√n n � margin of error d� Level of confidence Z or t
� Standard error SE
� Standard deviation σ� Sample size n
� So t w o factors determining t he margin of error are:
�
� 1- Variability � � 2- sample design
variability
Sample size Type of sample
statistics Proportion
ModeFrequency table -cross tabulation
C hi-square -
Graphs
Bar chart Pie chart
statisticsا Mean Standard Deviation
Variance Range correlation coefficient ®determination coefficient (R2
Graphs HistogramNormal curveScatter plot
SPSS
-Z test -T test -F (ANOVA) test-X² test
P.v>α
P.v≤α
Null
Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis
Variables
Estimation
Statistics
Testing
Analysis
& Representation
Statistical concepts Statistic use &meaningful
Analysis & Representation
firstlyfirstly secondlysecondly
thirdlythirdly
Cross-section Data analysis is used to
give a parsimonious summary
of patterns of relations between variables in the survey dataset
