Station 1

What is Evolution?

What causes Evolution?

A primary example of Evolution, is different bird beak sizes. What caused this to occur?

Station 2

What is “Survival of the Fittest?”

How is fitness measured?

What is the difference between macroevolution and microevolution?

Station 3

What is Natural Selection?

What are the 4 principles of Natural Selection? Explain each.

Station 4

What are the two types of reproduction and purpose?

Which statement belongs to which type or both?

• Most variation of a species

• Production of genetically identical offspring

• Mutations occur

• Genetic variability expressed through gene shuffling, crossing over, mutations, and recombination of DNA

• Best type for stable environment

• Species most likely to survive environmental change

Station 5

Why are mutations important for a species?

What are the four fields that support Evolution and briefly describe them.

Station 6

Biochemistry examines similarities in ___________ and ___________ which are two things all organisms have in common.

What is a transitional fossil?

Station 7

What are homologous structures? Provide an example. Explain what these similarities suggest.

What are vestigial structures? Provide an example. Explain what these structures suggest.

Station 8

What is a gene pool?

What is a species?

Which type of population would most likely have a wide range of phenotypes and genetic variation? Small or Large Asexual or Sexual Reproduction

Station 9

What determines if a phenotype is a good or bad trait?

What will happen to the frequency of white bunnies in a snowy environment? Brown bunnies?

Station 10

Below are the five aspects that influence genetic variability. Explain each.

• Genetic Drift

• Gene Flow

• Non-random Mating

• Mutations

• Natural Selection

Station 11

What is genetic equilibrium/Hardy-Weinberg Principle? What are the requirements?

What are the steps to form a new species?

Station 12

Environmental factors affect evolution with several patterns. Explain each.

• Gradualism vs. Punctuated Equilibrium

• Divergent Evolution vs. Convergent Evolution

Station 13

Environmental factors affect evolution with several patterns. Explain each.

• Coevolution

• Gradual Extinction vs. Mass Extinction

Station 14

What is the diagram to the right called?

What does it show?

What is the oldest species? Youngest?

Station 15

Concept Map

Station 16

Concept Map

Agenda

Have Study Guide out

Quick Review:

Genetic Variability

Environmental Factors

Cladograms

Review Evolution Round Robin

Station 1

What is Evolution?

What causes Evolution?

A primary example of Evolution, is different bird beak sizes. What caused this to occur?

Change of a species over time

Environmental changes and variation among the population leads to Natural Selection

Available food

Station 2

What is “Survival of the Fittest?”

How is fitness measured?

What is the difference between macroevolution and microevolution?

Individuals with beneficial traits that are best adapted to survive will reproduce more often and pass those traits to the next generation

How likely individuals are to survive and how many offspring are produced

Macroevolution- large scale change dealing with multiple populations Microevolution- small scale change dealing with one population

Station 3

What is Natural Selection?

What are the 4 principles of Natural Selection? Explain each.

Survival of the Fittest; ; Individuals with the best characteristics/phenotype will allow them to survive and reproduce. Those that do not have the favored phenotype will not survive and reproduce successfully.

Overproduction of Offspring- producing more offspring than environment can support leading to competition for available resources Variation- different bird beaks based on food supply Adaptation- species being able to adjust to changes in environment Descent with Modification- species develop different traits from an ancestor based on their environment (wolf, dogs, coyote, fox, etc.)

Station 4

What are the two types of reproduction and purpose?

Which statement belongs to which type or both?

• Most variation of a species

• Production of genetically identical offspring

• Mutations occur

• Genetic variability expressed through gene shuffling, crossing over, mutations, and recombination of DNA

• Best type for stable environment

• Species most likely to survive environmental change

Asexual Reproduction- Produce genetically identical offspring with least amount of variation Sexual Reproduction- increases genetic variation by producing different

Sexual

Asexual

BOTH!

Asexual

Sexual

Station 5

Why are mutations important for a species?

What are the four fields that support Evolution and briefly describe them.

Helps develop/introduce new phenotypes to help the species survive and increases genetic variation

Anatomy- examines similarities in homologous structures Biochemistry- compares DNA and proteins Embryology- determines similarities in patterns with embryo development Paleontology- examines the fossil record

Station 6

Biochemistry examines similarities in ___________ and ___________ which are two things all organisms have in common.

What is a transitional fossil?

Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA) Proteins/Amino Acids

Intermediate fossil that shows links between two species Example: Archaeopteryx (birds and reptiles)

Station 7

What are homologous structures? Provide an example. Explain what these similarities suggest.

What are vestigial structures? Provide an example. Explain what these structures suggest.

Structures that are similar in shape but have different functions/jobs Example: human arm, whale fin, bat wing, cat leg Suggests organism have a common ancestor

Organs that no longer have purpose or function. Examples: Humans appendix, third eye-lid, male nipples, sinuses, coccyx Whale and snake hip bones Suggests at one time the species used them but over time they have become unneeded.

Station 8

What is a gene pool?

What is a species?

Which type of population would most likely have a wide range of phenotypes and genetic variation? Small or Large Asexual or Sexual Reproduction

All available alleles that can be inherited in the next generation by individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can produce fertile and healthy offspring

Large Sexual Reproduction

Station 9

What determines if a phenotype is a good or bad trait?

What will happen to the frequency of white bunnies in a snowy environment? Brown bunnies?

Improves or decreases the likelihood that an individual can find resources (food, shelter, water, mate), adapt for survival, and reproduce

White fur phenotype will increase in frequency/number where brown fur phenotype will decrease and eventually be eliminated

Station 10

Below are the five aspects that influence genetic variability. Explain each.

• Genetic Drift

• Gene Flow

• Non-random Mating

• Mutations

• Natural Selection

Overtime the allele frequency will increase/decrease for specific trait (color, shape, size, etc.)

Movement of INDIVIDUALS into or out of population

Certain traits improve or decrease change of mating (Peacocks)

Change in DNA that result in increased variation

Survival of the Fittest

Station 11

What is genetic equilibrium/Hardy-Weinberg Principle? What are the requirements?

What are the steps to form a new species?

No change in allele frequency- remains constant Requirements: no mutation, random mating, no genetic drift or gene flow, no Natural Selection

Population of a species becomes isolated/separated (examples: river, earthquake, etc.) and begin to develop different characteristics by adapting to their environment. If they are no longer isolated, the two groups cannot reproduce.

Station 12

Environmental factors affect evolution with several patterns. Explain each.

• Gradualism vs. Punctuated Equilibrium

• Divergent Evolution vs. Convergent Evolution

Slow change of a species sudden/rapid change within species

A species splits creating two species two species that are not related Cat family, different bird beaks develop similar characteristics (analogous characteristics) Bird wing, bat wing,, butterfly wing

Station 13

Environmental factors affect evolution with several patterns. Explain each.

• Coevolution

• Gradual Extinction vs. Mass Extinction

Slow elimination of a species sudden/rapid removal species

Two species in close proximity evolving in response to one another. Ex: Predator/Prey, Flowers/Insects

Station 14

What is the diagram to the right called?

What does it show?

What is the oldest species? Youngest? Oldest- Shark (diverged first) Youngest- Human, Whale (diverged most recently)

Proposed evolutionary history

Phylogenetic Tree

Station 15

Concept Map

Station 16

Concept Map

Now?

Notebooks due tomorrow and DUT

pages 168, 170, 172