Station 1: Plant Characteristics (p. 551, 175)

1. What are the main characteristics of plants? green color, have stems, some have seeds, some have spores, autotrophic, go through photosynthesis

2. Complete the Kingdom chart for plants.

Cell Type Major Cell Structures

Number of Cells

Mode of Nutrition

Motility Examples

Plantseukaryote cell wall

chloroplastchlorophyll

multicellular autotroph sessile—nonmotile

fern, moss, flowers, pine tree

3. Look at the plant cell under the microscope. Sketch the cell and label the following parts: Nucleus, chloroplast, cell wall/ cell membrane, & cytoplasm.

Station 2: Plant Reproduction

4. Which type(s) of reproduction do plants use to produce offspring? sexual and asexual. Mostly sexual reproduction

5. How are the gametes associated with sexual reproductive produced? (pg.614)through meiosis

6. Fill in the plant reproduction comparison chart.

Feature: MossesPg. 558

FernsPg. 562

GymnospermsPg. 610

AngiospermsPg. 614

Water necessary to complete reproductive cycle

Spores produced Seeds produced Fruit bearing Example from pictures below pine trees any flowering

plant

Station 3: Evolution of Plants (pgs. 553-554)7. What type of organisms did plants evolve from? green algae—photosynthetic Plant-like protists

8. List three things green algae and plants have in common. size, color, appearance

9. The oldest known fossil of a plant dates back to 450 million years ago. What type of plant found in today’s time most closely resembles the first terrestrial plants?

mosses

10. What are the four main groups of plants? 1. mosses 2. ferns, 3. cone bearing (gymnosperms), 4. flowering (angiosperms)11. What characteristic do flowering plants have that cone-bearing plants do

not have? Flowers, seeds enclosed in fruit12. Which characteristic(s) do all groups of plants share besides mosses? vascular tissue

Station 4:

Adaptations (p. 643 – 646)15. What type of plants are you likely to find in the

a. Desert? (p. 101) cactus, bush plantsb. Rain forest? (p. 100) evergreens, ferns, woody vinesc. Tundra? (p. 104)ground plants (mosses), lichen

16. Though all plants have a common ancestor, they have

evolved very different adaptations.

Please explain how this occurred. new specialized structures have been developed in order for plants to adapt to changing environments through natural selection

17. Choose any plant with a unique adaptation (examples: cactus, rose bush,

vines, Venus Fly Trap, dandelion, water lily). Describe how the adaptation

is useful in its environment.

Station 5:Specialized/Differentiated

Tissues

Xylem/Phloem in action (p.596- 602)17. What does xylem transport and in what direction?

transports water from roots to rest of plant18. What does phloem transport and in what direction?

transports nutrients out of leaves or roots into stems and through stems to fruits

19. What is happening in the carnation and/or celery?

capillary action and transpiration20. How does water travel up the stem against the

forces of gravity? osmotic pressure pulls the water upward (transpirational pull)

The diagram below is a process called transpiration.

21. How do the specialized cells in roots, stems and leaves work together when transpiration occurs properly?

Station 6: Mosses (bryophytes) (pg. 556)

22. Explain why mosses are so dependent on water. They depend on water because water is needed for their reproduction cycle.

23. Observe the moss plant at your table. What plant structure(s) is the moss

lacking that many other plants have? roots

24. Based on your observations, explain what keeps mosses from growing tall,

off the ground? vascular tissue

25. What evidences indicate that mosses evolved first, before taller plants.

mosses lacked vascular tissue that later developed in other plants

Mosses growing near a stream Mosses growing on and next to a tree

Station 7: Ferns (pgs. 560-562)

26. What major evolutionary advantage do ferns have that mosses do not?

vascular tissue27. The size of plants increased dramatically with the evolution

of vascular tissue. Explain how these two events might be related. As plants evolved and developed vascular tissue this allowed them to get more water up stems and to leaves. Over time it this adaptation allowed them to grow taller and taller.

28. The leaves of ferns are called fronds.29. Observe the dots on the underneath of the fern "leaf".

What are these dots called and what are they used for?

Dots are called spores and they are used in reproduction

30. What evidences indicate that ferns evolved after mosses? vascular tissue and roots developed

Fiddlehead

Boston Fern

Station 8: Gymnosperms (pgs. 564-568)

31. What does gymnosperm mean? “seed bearing” bears seeds on/inside cones

32. Explain some evolutionary advantages that seed plants have over mosses

and ferns? reproduce without water, embryos are protected in seeds33. Millions of years ago when continents changed from a wet climate to a drier

climate, it became harder for seedless plants like ferns and mosses to survive.

a. Explain why a drier climate created problems for ferns and mosses to

survive. didn’t have the necessary water for reproductionb. What adaptation allowed seed plants to become the most dominant type of

plant on earth? able to survive long periods of drought, bitter cold, and extreme heat

34. Unlike seedless plants (like mosses & ferns ), seed plants do not require

water to reproduce.

35. Observe the pine cone. Based on

your observations, explain why pine trees

are considered gymnosperms.

because they have seeds that are enclosed in cones

Station 9: Angiosperms (pgs. 569-571, 612)

36. Explain why flowers are an evolutionary advantage. able to attract animals (bees, birds, moths) that transport pollen from one flower to another aiding in reproduction (pollination)

37. After pollination, what does the ovary of a flower

develop into? the ovary of a flower develops into a fruit which protects the seed and aids in seed dispersal

38. Explain why it is beneficial to the plant for an animal to eat the plant’s fruit?

the seed of the plant enters the animals digestive tract, meanwhile the animal moves around the area. The animal dispels waste that contains the seed (which are now far away from the original plant). These seeds then develop into new plants.

39. It is found in the fossil record that angiosperms appeared at about the

same time as many insects. Why is this important? Shows that they used each other for survival. The depended on each other. What type of

evolutionary example does this illustrate? (pg 437-438) coevolution

40. Sort the items in the tray as either monocot and dicot examples in the

plant kingdom? (see next page)