states, boiling point,_melting_point,

States, Boiling Point, Melting Point, and Solubility

Solid GasLiquid

Questions

• What are the 3 states of matter?

• Write a definition for each state?

Defining States of Matter

• States of matter are NOT defined by what they are made of.– Example: solids can be elements (gold), compounds

(Salt = NaCl), or mixtures (butter)

Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)


• States of matter are defined by whether they hold SHAPE and VOLUME


ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME = Solids


• Solids – have a definite SHAPE and VOLUME.


ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME

Particle View of a Solid

• Particles in a solid are PACKED CLOSELY together and they are in a FIXED POSITION.

Particles vibrate in place

Liquids

• Liquids – has definite VOLUME but no defined SHAPE

100 ml

Gases

• Gases - do NOT have definite SHAPE or VOLUME.

Bromine gas fills up the entire volume of the container

Particle view of a Gas

• Particles can MOVE FREELY and will either fill up or squeeze into available space.

Questions

• 1) Which Statement is True?– A) Liquids have a definite shape and volume– B) States of matter are defined by the

substances they are made up of– C) Gases have a definite shape and volume– D) Solids have a definite shape and volume

Task

• Draw a diagram of – A) Gas particles– B) Liquid particles– C) Solid particles

Changes in States of Matter

• Thermal Energy – heat energy.

• More thermal energy = More particle movement

Changing States

Solid GasLiquid

Increase Thermal Energy (Heat up)

Decrease Thermal Energy (Cool off)

Melting point

• Melting - change from solid to liquid• Melting point - SPECIFIC temperature when

melting occurs. • Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC melting

point.– Examples:– M.P. of Water = 0°C (32°F) – M.P. of Nitrogen = -209.9 °C (-345.81998 °F)– M.P. of Silver = 961.93 °C (1763.474 °F) – M.P. of Carbon = 3500.0 °C (6332.0 °F)

Melting Point

• Particles of a solid vibrate so fast that they break free from their fixed positions.

Solid Liquid

Increasing Thermal Energy

Melting point

Vaporization

• Vaporization – change from liquid to gas

• Vaporization happens when particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form a gas.

GasLiquid

Increasing Thermal Energy

Boiling point

Two Kinds of Vaporization

• Evaporation – vaporization that takes place only on the surface of the liquid

• Boiling – when a liquid changes to a gas BELOW its surface as well as above.

Boiling Point

• Boiling Point – temperature at which a liquid boils

• Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC boiling point.– Examples:– B.P. of Water = 100°C (212°F) – B.P. of Nitrogen = -195.79 °C (-320.42 °F)– B.P. of Silver = 2162 °C (3924 °F) – B.P. of Carbon = 4027 °C (7281 °F)

• The Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the forces between molecules and the energy that they possess. This theory has 3 main points :

– Matter is composed of small particles (atoms or molecules). • • • Particles are moving all the time.(higher Temp. higher of

average energy

– The molecules are in constant motion. This motion is different for the 3 states of matter.

–

Boiling Point and Melting Point

Melting point

Boiling point

Solubility

• Maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a liquid (at a specific temperature).

Salt (NaCl) Water (H20) at 20°C

Solubility

• Solute – substance being dissolved

• Solvent – liquid substance that solute is dissolved into


Solubility

• Solute – ??????

• Solvent – ?????


SaltWater

Solubility can change

• Increased Temp = Increased Solubility

• Different substances have different solubility curves

Solubility of Unknown Substance at different temperatures

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temperature (degrees Celcius)

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states, boiling point,_melting_point,

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