state of water

A Down To Earth annual 39

Both surface and groundwater in the country are under stress. One of the reasons is the substantial increase in the number of grossly polluting industries between 2011 and 2018. Groundwater is overexploited,

which is running 94.5 per cent of all minor irrigation schemes in the country

STATE OF WATER

SoE in Figures 2019 check.indd 39 25/06/19 5:19 PM

State of India’s Environment 2019: In Figures40

Haryana Ghaggar

Punjab Satluj,

Ghaggar

Sabarmati

Damanganga

Mithi

Patalganga

Kayamkula KayalParavur

Vembanad

S T A T E O F W A T E R

Gujarat Bhadar, Khari,

Sabarmati

Moonsar

Daman & Diu Dadra & Nagar Haveli

Damanganga

Jhelum

Khari

Bhadar

Moonsar

What is chemical oxygen demand (COD): It is a parameter to assess the chemical contamination of water bodies. The COD level in a water body should not exceed 250 mg/l. The central pollution control board (cpcb), in association with the state pollution control boards, monitors the river water quality across the country through a network of stations under the National Water Quality Monitoring Programme

> 250 mg/l 170 - 250 mg/l 85 - 170 mg/l 50 - 85 mg/l 25- 50 mg/l

38 riverscritically polluted

Rivers

253Total

38

17

53

67

78

27 lakescritically polluted

3 pondscritically polluted

18 tankscritically polluted

Lakes

Ponds

Tanks

133Total

47Total

79Total

27

3

18

11

14

10

2527

8

11

28

15

11

20

31

Source: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change as on March 2018

Dirty water | 17 per cent of the water bodies monitored by CPCB are critically polluted

CRITICAL WATER BODIES86 water bodies are critically polluted, having a chemical oxygen demand concentration of more than 250 mg/l, which is the discharge standard for a polluting source such as sewage treatment plants and industrial effluent treatment plants



Rivers

Water bodies (lakes, ponds & tanks)

West Bengal Damodar

Uttarakhand Bhalla, Dhela

Uttar Pradesh Hindon, Kali (W),

Kalinadi (E)

Tamil Nadu Cauvery, Sarabanga,

Thirumanimuthar, Vasista

Nagaland Dhansiri

Meghalaya Umkhrah

Maharashtra Mithi, Patalganga

Madhya Pradesh Betwa, Gour, Khan,

Narmada

Telangana Musi

Fox Sagar, Laxminarayana, Miralam, Noor Md. Kunta, Saroornagar, Asani Kunta, Sai Chivuru, Chinna Waddepally, Gandhigudum, Kajipally, Kistaraddy, Mallapur, Premajipet

Kerala Chitrapuzha, Periyar, Pamba,

Neeleswaram, Karamana, Korayar, Thirur

Kayamkula Kayal, Kodungalloor, Paravur, Punnamada Kayal, Vembanad, Vembanadu

Karnataka Bhima

Arakere, Bellandur, Dalavai, Hebbal, Hulimavu, Karihobanahalli, Mulbhagal, Puttenahalli, Shettykere, Singasandra, Somasundrapalya, Ulsoor, Yediyur, Yennehole, Aianakere, Beenniganahalli, Dhorekere, Herekere, Madavara, Mavenakere, Melekote, Pavagada, Shivapura, Uttarahalli Doraikere, Veerapura, Vengaihnakere

Jammu & Kashmir Jhelum

Himachal Pradesh Giri, Sukhana

Khaziar

Haryana Ghaggar

Chhattisgarh Hitkasa Tailing

Reservoir

Bihar Sikrana

Assam Elangabeel

Punjab Satluj,

GhaggarSatluj

Khaziar

Ghaggar

Giri

Yamuna

Narmada

Dhansiri

Damodar

Sabarmati

Damanganga

Cauvery

Sarabanga

Vasista

Periyar

Thirur

Pamba

Karamana

Thirumanimuthar

Mithi

Patalganga

BhimaMusi

Betwa

Delhi Yamuna

Fox Sagar Chinna WaddepallySaroornagarMiralam

Arakere

Bellandur

Kayamkula KayalParavur

Kajipally

Kajipally

HebbalMulbhagal

HulimavuPuttenahalli

Shettykere

Vembanad

Southward trend | Karnataka, Telangana and Kerala have the most critically polluted rivers and water bodies

Jhelum

Moonsar


State of India’s Environment 2019: In Figures42

Shuklaganj

Fatehpur

Bridge at Kanpur-I (Bridge at Shukla Ganj)

U T T A R A K H A N D

GANGA RIVER

Haridwar Barrage

Jagjeetpur STP U/SJagjeetpur STP D/S

Water quality at different stretches of the Ganga during 2017-18 pre-monsoon

Madhya Ganga Barrage

Bridge at Anupshahar

River Ganga Kacchla Ghat

Bridge SH21 d/s Kannauj

Bridge at Bithoor

Bridge 2 at Kanpur NH25 (River Pandu)

Barrage at Narora

Bridge on Kali River at Kanpur-Farrukhabad Road near Khudaganj

Shukratal Ghat (Saloni River)

Ramganga d/s of Moradabad

Bijnor

Anupshahr

Muradabad

Narora Budaun

Khudaganj

Ghatia ghat

Kannauj

Bithoor Kanpur

Pandu river

Muzaffarnagar

Jagjeetpur

Haridwar

Between Road rail bridge Bhruti near Panki (River Pandu)

Clean Slight Moderate Severe

Source: Comparison of Biological Water Quality of River Ganga (2014-18) by Central Pollution Control Board

GANGA POLLUTION40 out of 41 stretches of the Ganga were polluted during 2017-18 pre-monsoon season. Three of the stretches at the Pandu river and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh were severely polluted, while 34 stretches in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal were moderately polluted

S T A T E O F W A T E R



J H A R K H A N D

W E S T B E N G A L

Bridge at Ghatia Ghat

Bridge SH40 d/s Of Kannauj

Bridge d/s of tributaroy near Sirsa (pontoon bridge near Sirsa, Allahabad) UP40

River Ganga at Malsalami

River Ganga at Gandhi Ghat

2nd inlet stream u/s of Ganga Nallah

River Ganga near Howrah Bridge

River Ganga at Garden Reach

Bridge on GT Road

Shuklaganj

Fatehpur

Patna

Falgu river MurshidabadBerhampore

Srirampore

Belgharia Ballykhal

Howrah Bridge Garden Reach

Barrage U/S Kanpur

U/s Bathing Ghat Kanpur (Deorighat) d/s Kanpur

Bridge on River Ganga near Fatehpur (Asni Village)

Allahabad

Nalla at Allahabad 4

Varanasi Upstream

Varanasi downstream (d/s Rajghat bridge)

Bathing Ghat at Varanasi 1 (Puranapul)

Bridge on River Gomti in Varanasi

Tributary at Rajwari (CCS Pump Canal Pumping station)

River Ganga d/s of Murshidabad (d/s of Behrampore)

Digha Ghat (Janardan Ghat)

1st inlet stream from west u/s of Ganga

Nallah (Falgu River)

River Ganga near Belgharia

River Ganga at Fatuha

River Ganga d/s Murshidabad (u/s

Beharampore)

Nalla opposite Ghat d/s of Srirampore

Nalla at Ballykhal

Varanasi

Kanpur

Pandu river


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