state of the world land and water resources and their sustainable use for food security
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State of the World Land and Water Resources and their Sustainable Use for Food Security PARVIZ KOOHAFKAN, Land and Water Development Division FAO, Rome. 1. Assessment of The State of The Land& Water Resources. In 2030 world population will double - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
State of the World Land and Water Resources and their Sustainable Use for Food
Security
PARVIZ KOOHAFKAN,
Land and Water Development Division
FAO, Rome
1. Assessment of The State 1. Assessment of The State of The Land& Water of The Land& Water
ResourcesResources In 2030 world population will double Majority of population will live in urban areas Arable land expansion will be restricted Water Scarcity will Arise at Local and Regional
Levels Natural Resources Degradation Will Accentuate
Growth in food and agricultural production would need:
– Sustainable land use intensification– environmental friendly technologies– maximising resource use efficiency
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
1990 2010 2030
Pop
ulat
ion
(mill
ion)
Rural population,developed countries
Rural population,developing countries
Urban population,developed countries
Urban population,developing countries
Evolution in Rural and Urbain PopulationEvolution in Rural and Urbain Population
Agricultural water use Agricultural water use in percentage of water withdrawal - 93 developing countriesin percentage of water withdrawal - 93 developing countries
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Eff
icie
nc
y (
%)
sub-
Sahara
nAfr
ica
Lati
nAm
eric
a
Nea
r East
-N
ort
h A
fric
a
South
Asi
a
East
Asi
a
93
dev
elopin
gco
untr
ies
1996 2030
Irrigation efficiency 1996-2030
Water withdrawal in the Water withdrawal in the worldworld
(in percentage of water resources)(in percentage of water resources)
>25% >10% >5% <5%
Water Water scarcity?scarcity?
–Water scarcity is a local problem by nature
–Water scarcity is also a regional problem
–Water scarcity is not directly a global problem
Challenges for water and Challenges for water and foodfood
Increasing water productivityImproving water use efficiency Mitigating environmental effects of
irrigationExpanding small scale irrigation, mostly
in Africa Increasing water harvesting and water
conservation
Sources of growth: all developing countriesSources of growth: all developing countries
Ag
ric
ult
ure
: T
ow
ard
s 2
01
5/3
0T
ech
nic
al I
nte
rim
Re
po
rt
Arable Land Expansion
20%
Cropping Intensity
10%
Yield increase
70%
2. Analysis of issues and programmes on:2. Analysis of issues and programmes on:
Food security (SPFS)Food security (SPFS) Soil fertility Soil fertility Initiative(SFI)Initiative(SFI) Desertification (CCD)Desertification (CCD)Climate Change(UNFCC)Climate Change(UNFCC)Biological Biological Diversity(CBD)Diversity(CBD)
Technologies &Practices
Policies&planning
Commonaltiesand cross cutting themes
•Water control
•Intensification
•Diversification
•National FS strategy
•Micro-credit
•South-Southcooperation
•IPNS
•Land husbandry
• crop rotations
•NAP
•Cost benefit analysis
• Fertilizer market regulations
SPFS SFI
• national plans/strategies • working with land users•Participatory and integrated approaches•Combined short and long term benefits•partnership building
UNCCD
Comparison between Strategies of Comparison between Strategies of ImplementationImplementation
Comparison between Strategies of Comparison between Strategies of ImplementationImplementation
UNFCC
•S&W conservation
•Agro-forestry
•Range land & livestock management
•Alternative energy
•M- tillage
•reforestation
•NAP & RAP
•Regional networks
•Inter-institutional arrangements
•Kyoto protocol
•CDM
• Forest Conservation
UNCBD
•In-Situ & Ex-Situ Conservation
•Ecosystem management
•IPM•National Assessment
•LPZ Plan of Action
SPFS: Status of SPFS: Status of ImplementationImplementationSPFS: Status of SPFS: Status of ImplementationImplementation
SFI: Status of SFI: Status of ImplementationImplementationSFI: Status of SFI: Status of ImplementationImplementation
under formulation
NAP prepared
CCD: Status of CCD: Status of ImplementationImplementationCCD: Status of CCD: Status of ImplementationImplementation
first NAP document
NDF launched
Source UNSO
COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN SPFS/SFI/CCD/UNFCC/CBDSPFS/SFI/CCD/UNFCC/CBD
COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN SPFS/SFI/CCD/UNFCC/CBDSPFS/SFI/CCD/UNFCC/CBD
Analysis shows that all these programmes have:Analysis shows that all these programmes have: – high inter-relation ; can not be treated separatelyhigh inter-relation ; can not be treated separately
– strong national ownership with international partnershipstrong national ownership with international partnership
– emphasis on resources but need to include more socio-emphasis on resources but need to include more socio-
economic aspectseconomic aspects
– rely generally on the same human resources at local and rely generally on the same human resources at local and national levelnational level
– Act on the same landAct on the same land
Integrated & participatory Integrated & participatory approach at all levels; optimising approach at all levels; optimising priorities and harmonising actionspriorities and harmonising actions
GLOBAL SOIL ORGANIC CARBON
Source: Natural Resource Conservation Service and Donald Reicosky
Restoring degraded soils globally Average C sequestration potential with Same as the atmospheric
net increase in CO2 !!
Soil Soil fertilityfertility
restorationrestoration
Soil Soil fertilityfertility
restorationrestoration
FoodFoodsecuritysecurity
FoodFoodsecuritysecurity
CombatingCombatingLand Land
degradationdegradation
CombatingCombatingLand Land
degradationdegradation
Crop & SoilCrop & Soil
biodiversitbiodiversityy
Promising Avenues for Agriculture Promising Avenues for Agriculture Sustainable IntensificationSustainable Intensification Low-Cost/ Low-Risk Irrigation Techniques
Water Conservation and Water harvesting
Reliance on Local Genetic Resources and Carefully-Selected Biotechnology
Integrated Plant Nutrition Systems, Precision Farming,
use of solar and wind energy in agricultural production and processing
Integration and DiversificationIntegration and Diversification
Integrated Watershed Management, Conservation Agriculture
Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture (greenhouse agriculture wastewater treatment and re-use, drip irrigation,..)
Export Crops, Organic Farming, Integrated Pest Management Agro-Tourism and Nature Conservation
ANIMAL HUSBAN
DRY
FARMER
CROP HUSBANDRY
SOIL, WATER AND PLANT NUTRIENT
MANAGEMENT
Landscape
Mar
ketsC
ulture
Integrated production systems