state of the art with planiseal wr-line
TRANSCRIPT
Paul Stavem– Technical Manager Mapei Nordic/Baltic
– Background• Cand.Scient Chemistry University of Oslo
• Boardmember of Norwegian Assosisation ofConcrete Renovation (NFB)
• National member of CEN EN 1504-2/4
• Leacher - national courses for concrete repair
• Author - textbooks and other publications
Short introduction
• Erosion• Impact• Fatigue• Overloads• Movements• Explosions• Vibrations
• Biological activity (bacteria) • Aggressive chemicals (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid)• ASR-reactions
• Freeze/thaw cycling• Thermal cycling• Crystallisation of salts• Creep• Erosion• Wear
Årsaker tilskader på
betong
Reasons for concrete damages
Chemical
Mechanical
Fire
Physical
The reasons why concrete breaks down:
• w/c -ratio• Type of cement and amount• Admixtures• Relative humidity in concrete• Temperature• CO2 consentration
• Chorides added during casting• Seawater• Deiceing salts• Other
Carbonatisation
Reasons for rebar corrosionChlorides
Electrochemical degeneration
Reasons why for concrete breaks down:
Concrete Structures – Close up on marine structures
Cl- (%cement)= Cl- (%concrete)*Density of concrete/amount of cement
If 350 kg cement/m3 -> 4.28 wt% Cl- of cement
Figure from Finn Fluge – Marine Chlorides / 2001 Tromsø
The sad truth….
• Facts;– Chlorides in concrete will causes rebar corrosion
– Repair of damages caused by chloride initiated corrosion have a very high cost
• Actually only two possible strategy's:– Leave as it is and schedule for repairworks within 10-20 years
– Make correct preventive actions, and save money by avoiding high cost repair
• The different solutions
– Cathodic protection
• eg. Mapeshield systems
– Surface treatment systems
• Coating systems – eg. Mapelastic
– eg. Elastocolor-system
• Hydrophobic impregnation – eg. Planiseal WR-line
HOW TO PREVENT THIS SITUATION
• Migrating hydrophobic products– Makes the surface layer of the concrete hydrofobic!
– Protect the concrete from all types of damages where water is involved:
» Corrosion caused by chlorides
» Frost/thaw cycles
» ASR-reactions
– Does not change the appearance of the concrete
– Does not alter the transpirability of the substrate
HYDROFOBIC PLANISEAL WR-LINE
θθ
Hydrophobic
material θ > 90º
θ
θ
Hydrophilic
materialθ < 90º
θ
θ
θ = 90º
Hydrophobic propreties for Planiseal WR-line
θθ
Hydrophobic
material θ > 90º
θ
θ
Hydrophilic
materialθ < 90º
θ
θ
θ = 90º
Material related:• Type of material
• silane/siloxane• Active content
• % active material• Amount applied• Contact time
Know-how is the parameter for success!
Substrate related:• Concrete quality• Time of application• Moisture content
«Protective effect»
«Durability»
• Type of silane/siloxane
– Silane with:– “small” molecule -> high penetration
– “slow” reaction speed -> higher penetration
– “low” evaporation speed-> higher penetration
– Siloxane with:– large molecule -> less penetration
– higher bleeding effect -> less transpirability
» In general less suitable for long term protection of concrete
Planiseal WR-line – Type of silane/siloxane
The optimal compromise is important
Planiseal WR-line – silane reactions with concrete
- Chemical reaction with alkaline concrete- No film means no detachments possible
• % Active matter• For high quality concrete
– Higher amount -> better penetration
• For “low” quality concrete
– Less proven effect
• Amount of material applied– In general more material applied -> better
penetration
– But depends on
» concrete absorption capability
» reaction/evaporation speed (material dependent)
Planiseal WR-line – Active content
• Contact time– Penetration depth will always depend on:
» concrete absorption capability (substrate dependent)
» reaction/evaporation speed (material dependent)
– Increased contact time and reduced evaporation speed:
» Better penetration
Planiseal WR-line – Contact time
Liquid
Cream
Gel
Minutes
Days
Hours
CONTACT TIME
Effect of contact-time
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
WR 100 WR 80 Cream WR 90 Gel
CEM I - w/c 0.70 (methode instandard)
• Concrete quality– High w/c-ratio give “low” quality concrete with high amount
of capillary pores
» Acceptable penetration depth also for products with
• Low active content
• Short contact time
– Low w/c-ratio give “high” quality concrete with low amount of capillary pores
» Acceptable penetration depth only for products with
• high active content
• medium to long contact time
Planiseal WR-line – substrate dependent parameters
Effect of w/c ratio
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
WR 100 WR 80 Cream WR 90 Gel
CEM II- w/c 0.45 (28-daysold waterstored)
CEM II - w/c 0.70 (28-days old waterstored)
0
1
2
3
4
5
WR 100 WR 80Cream
WR 90 Gel
CEM II - w/c 0.45(14-days oldwaterstored)
CEM II - w/c 0.70(14-days oldwaterstored)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
WR 100 WR 80Cream
WR 90 Gel
CEM II- w/c 0.45(7-days oldwaterstored)
CEM II- w/c 0.70(7-days oldwaterstored)
Effect of cement-type
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
WR 100 WR 80 Cream WR 90 Gel
CEM II- w/c 0.45 (28-daysold waterstored)
CEM I - w/c 0.45 (28-daysold waterstored)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
WR 100 WR 80Cream
WR 90 Gel
CEM II - w/c 0.45(14-days oldwaterstored)
CEM I - w/c 0.45(14-days oldwaterstored)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
WR 100 WR 80 Cream WR 90 Gel
CEM II- w/c 0.45 (7-days old waterstored)
CEM I- w/c 0.45 (7-days old waterstored)
• Time of application– The migration are dependent of the capillary pores in the concrete, and that
water in these has evaporated.
– In general best results after 28 day
Planiseal WR-line – substrate dependent parameters
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
CEM I- w/c 0.45 (7-days old
waterstored)
CEM I - w/c 0.45(14-days oldwaterstored)
CEM I - w/c 0.45(28-days oldwaterstored)
WR 100
WR 80 Cream
WR 90 Gel
Planiseal WR-line documentation
PLANISEAL WR-LINE
Principle 1 (PI): Protection against Ingress - 1.1 hydrophobic impregnation (H)
Principle 2 (MC): Moisture Control- 2.1 hydrophobic impregnation (H)
Principle 8 (IR): Increasing Resistivity by Limiting moisture content: - 8.1 hydrophobic impregnation (H)
Planiseal WR line –EN 1504-2
Demands WR 100 WR 80 Cream
WR 90 Gel
EN 1504-2 yes yes Yes
Loss of mass after freeze-thaw-salt stress*
The loss of mass of the surfaceof the impregnated specimenmust occur at least 20 cycleslater than that of the notimpregnated specimen.
C= 46 C > 20 C = 48
Depth of penetration
class I: < 10 mmclass II: ≥ 10 mm
Class I (5mm) Class II (11mm) Class II (13,3 mm)
Water absorption and resistance to alkali
Absorption ratio <7,5 %, comparedwith the untreated specimenAbsorption ratio (afterimmersionin alkali solution) <10 %.
4.3%
5.9%
5.1%
5.3%
1.7 %
7.8 %
Drying rate coefficient
class I: > 30 %class II: > 10 %
Class I (54.5%) Class I (38.6%) Class I (88%)
Diffusion of chlorideions**
63 % 68 % 90 %
*This test is only necessary for structures which may come in contact with de-icing salts**subject to national standards and national regulations
Planiseal WR line –EN 1504-2
Demands WR 100 WR 80 Cream
WR 90 Gel
EN 1504-2 yes yes Yes
Loss of mass after freeze-thaw-salt stress*
The loss of mass of the surfaceof the impregnated specimenmust occur at least 20 cycleslater than that of the notimpregnated specimen.
C= 46 C > 20 C = 48
Depth of penetration
class I: < 10 mmclass II: ≥ 10 mm
Class I (5mm) Class II (11mm) Class II (13,3 mm)
Water absorption and resistance to alkali
Absorption ratio <7,5 %, comparedwith the untreated specimenAbsorption ratio (afterimmersionin alkali solution) <10 %.
4.3%
5.9%
5.1%
5.3%
1.7 %
7.8 %
Drying rate coefficient
class I: > 30 %class II: > 10 %
Class I (54.5%) Class I (38.6%) Class I (88%)
Diffusion of chlorideions**
*This test is only necessary for structures which may come in contact with de-icing salts**subject to national standards and national regulations
Planiseal WR line –EN 1504-2
Demands WR 100 WR 80 Cream
WR 90 Gel
EN 1504-2 yes yes Yes
Loss of mass after freeze-thaw-salt stress*
The loss of mass of the surfaceof the impregnated specimenmust occur at least 20 cycleslater than that of the notimpregnated specimen.
C= 46 C > 20 C = 48
Depth of penetration
class I: < 10 mmclass II: ≥ 10 mm
Class I (5mm) Class II (11mm) Class II (13,3 mm)
Water absorption and resistance to alkali
Absorption ratio <7,5 %, comparedwith the untreated specimenAbsorption ratio (afterimmersionin alkali solution) <10 %.
4.3%
5.9%
5.1%
5.3%
1.7 %
7.8 %
Drying rate coefficient
class I: > 30 %class II: > 10 %
Class I (54.5%) Class I (38.6%) Class I (88%)
Diffusion of chlorideions**
*This test is only necessary for structures which may come in contact with de-icing salts**subject to national standards and national regulations
• Nordic region:
– NT Build 515
• w/c: 0,45
• 15% NaCl-solution
• Filter-test
But the most important – STOP THE CHLORIDES!!!
• Nordic region:
But the most important – STOP THE CHLORIDES!!!
0
20
40
60
80
100
Filtereffect
WR 100
WR 80Creme
WR 90 GEL
The higher value – better protection!!
Planiseal WR line –EN 1504-2
Demands WR 100 WR 80 Cream
WR 90 Gel
EN 1504-2 yes yes Yes
Loss of mass after freeze-thaw-salt stress*
The loss of mass of the surfaceof the impregnated specimenmust occur at least 20 cycleslater than that of the notimpregnated specimen.
C= 46 C > 20 C = 48
Depth of penetration
class I: < 10 mmclass II: ≥ 10 mm
Class I (5mm) Class II (11mm) Class II (13,3 mm)
Water absorption and resistance to alkali
Absorption ratio <7,5 %, comparedwith the untreated specimenAbsorption ratio (afterimmersionin alkali solution) <10 %.
4.3%
5.9%
5.1%
5.3%
1.7 %
7.8 %
Drying rate coefficient
class I: > 30 %class II: > 10 %
Class I (54.5%) Class I (38.6%) Class I (88%)
Diffusion of chlorideions**
63 % 68 % 90 %
*This test is only necessary for structures which may come in contact with de-icing salts**subject to national standards and national regulations
• Hydrofobic impregnation• Protective effect
– filter effect for Chlorides
– frost/thaw salt resistance
» depends mainly on the product
• Durability of treathment– Penetration depth
» depends on product, concrete (cement, w/c, silica) and applicaton (time, moisture content)
Concluding remarks