state-of-art research and guidelines: rocking systems
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State-of-art research and guidelines:
Rocking systems
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Precast Concrete Structures
• Cast-in-place emulation
• Strong connections • Ductility in member
• Jointed / gapping / rocking • Ductility in joint • Undamaged member
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PRESSS Program (US-Japan)
• PREcast Structural Seismic Systems
• Component development
• PRESSS test building
• Focus on jointed design with unbonded PT
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Frame Systems
• PT + mild-steel bars • Challenges with floor diaphragms
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Post-tensioned Walls
• Overcome many design challenges with RC walls • Minimal damage post-earthquake
Wall
PT tendon
Foundation
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Wall Systems
• Extensive research (testing and modelling) • Many alternative energy dissipating elements
Jointed Hybrid PreWEC SRW
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Detailing • Post-tensioning anchorages • Confinement and armouring • Grout interface
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Dynamic Testing
• Shake-table tests of walls • Verification of wall systems • Improvements to modelling and design methods
UC UoA Reno
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System Level Tests
• Many component tests
• Few system tests
PreSSS USCD E-defence
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Building Model
Vertical deformation of floor
a) Center of wall
b) 600 mm from wall
c) 1600 mm from wall
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Wall-to-Floor Connection
• Connector to isolate vertical deformation
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What’s Next?
• ILEE-QuakeCoRE shake table test
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Standards + Guidance
• NZS 3101:2006 Appendix B
• PRESSS Design Handbook
• ACI ITG 5.1 and 5.2
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Summary
• Component behaviour well understood [included walls and other systems]
• Interaction of components in building system needs further development and verification
• Practical construction details also need to be verified and guidelines published
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Panel session: Rocking systems
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Questions #1
• When considering detailing and system behaviour: • What worked well? • What didn’t work well (time-consuming, expensive, lack
of guidance, poor EQ performance)? • What would you do differently on the next building?
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Questions #2
• Wall base detailing: • Pocket vs. no pocket • Armouring (none, light, heavy) • Grouting
• Wall-to-floor connections:
• Flexible / conventional (minor damage) vs. isolated / device (no damage)
• Non-structural components:
• Drift and acceleration sensitive components
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Questions #3
• What modelling or analysis did you use for the design?
• Challenges?
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Questions #4
• What areas require would benefit from further research or guidance development?
• Were there any directions from the client regarding performance objective and/or preferred systems?