state appropriations for higher education · the utah system of higher education (ushe) is...

UTAH STATE LEGISLATURE 2016 INTERIM

OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST ‐ 1 ‐ AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM

LFA LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST

HIGHER EDUCATION HISTORICAL FUNDING, TRENDS, COSTS PER DEGREE

HIGHER EDUCATION

STAFF: SPENCER PRATT I S SU E BR I E F

TheUtahSystemofHigherEducation(USHE)isresponsibleforprovidingpublic,post‐secondaryeducation.Sixuniversitiesandtwocommunitycollegearetheaccredited,credit‐grantinginstitutions.Theinstitutionsawardcertificatesanddegreestostudentswhosuccessfullycompletetherequirementsfortheparticulardegree.

FundingofhighereducationintheStateofUtahrepresentsasignificantportionoftheState’sbudget.TheLegislaturecurrentlyappropriatesapproximately$1.5billionfortheoperationalcostsofthehighereducationinstitutions,inadditiontocapitalcostsandtheUtahEducationNetworkasshowninFigure1.

StateappropriationsforHigherEducation

TotalappropriationsforHigherEducationhaveincreasedfrom$652.9millioninFY1999to$1,492.2millioninFY2015,atotalincreaseof129percent.

Figure 1

StatetaxfundsandtuitionappropriationsforHigherEducation

ThetwomainsourcesofstateappropriationsforHigherEducationincludestatetaxfunds(GeneralandEducationFunds)anddedicatedcredits(tuition).Taxfundsandtuition,overtheperiodfrom1999through2015,coveredanaverageof97.5percentoftotalappropriatedcosts.Thefollowingchartshowsthatstatetaxfundingincreasedfrom

AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM ‐ 2 ‐ OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST

H I S T O R I C A L F UND I N G , T R E N D S , CO S T S P E R DEG R E E

$488.1millioninFY1999to$809.7millioninFY2015,anoverallincreaseof66percent.Overthesametimeperiod,tuitionincreasedfrom$164.8millionto$682.5million,anincreaseof314percent.Totalappropriationsfrombothsourcesincreasedfrom$652.9millionto$1,492.2million,atotalincreaseof129percent.

Figure 2

StatetaxfundsandtuitionappropriationsperFTEStudent

OneofthemainreasonsfundinghasgrownathighereducationinstitutionsisincreasedenrollmentofFTEstudents.Studentenrollmenthasaninverserelationshiptothestate’seconomy.Whentheeconomyisgoingwell,andjobsaremoreplentiful,morecollege‐agedpeoplemaychoosetoleavehighereducationandjointheworkforce.Conversely,whentheeconomyturns,peoplemayenrollincollegetoenhancetheirskillsbecausetheymayhaveeitherlosttheirjoborareunabletosuccessfullyfindajob.

SinceFY2002‐03,statefundingperFTEstudenthasshownageneraldownwardtrendwhiletuitionfundinghasshownacorresponding,butinverse,upwardtrend.LookingtotheUtahSystemofHigherEducation(USHE)asawhole,statefundinginFY2002‐03intheamountof$483.8millioncoveredapproximately66.6percentofthecostsforthe104,112full‐timeequivalent(FTE)students.Tuitioncollectedfromthosestudentsamountedto$242.5million,covering33.4percentofthecosts.ThestatefundingdeclinedslightlyinFY2004to63.6percent,whereisheldsteadyuntilFY2009whenthecountryfellintoaprolongedrecessionaryperiod.Overthenextfewyears,throughacombinationofdecreasedstatefunds,increasedenrollments,andincreasedhighereducationcostsperFTEstudent,thestatefundingdeclinedtobelow50percent.InFY2013,thepercentagehitalowpointof48.3percent.DetailedinformationforeachinstitutionandtheUSHEcanbefoundinAppendix1.

BeginninginFY2013,theUSHEexperiencedminordecreasesinenrollments,andstatefundingbegantorebound.FY2015estimateddataindicatesthatstatefundingof$694.1millioncovers51.3percentofthecostsforthe114,791FTEstudents.Thetuitioncollectionsamountto$659.3million,orabout48.7percent.TheseeffectsdifferbetweenUSHEinstitutions,withsomeinstitutionsreceivingahigherpercentageofstatefundingthanothers.TheLegislature



addressedstateparticipationinhighereducationcostsinthepastfewyearswhen“equity”fundingwasprovidedforthoseinstitutionsthatwerethefurthestfromthestatefundinglevelaverage.Forexample,thestatefundingatUtahValleyUniversitywasatalowof37.1percentinFY2010,butbecauseofequityfunding,particularlyinFY2015,thatpercentagehassinceincreasedto48.2percent.ThefollowingtwochartsshowtheoverallstatefundsandtuitionperFTEandthepercentagesplitbetweenstatefundingandtuitionfortheUSHE.

Figure 3

Figure 4

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

02‐03 03‐04 04‐05 05‐06 06‐07 07‐08 08‐09 09‐10 10‐11 11‐12 12‐13 13‐14 14‐15

Utah System of Higher EducationState Funding and Tuition per FTE

State Funds/FTE Student Tuition and Fees/FTE Student

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

02‐03 03‐04 04‐05 05‐06 06‐07 07‐08 08‐09 09‐10 10‐11 11‐12 12‐13 13‐14 14‐15

Utah System of Higher EducationState Funding and Tuition Split

State Funds/FTE Student Tuition and Fees/FTE Student



CostsperDegree

Duringthe2014GeneralSession,theHigherEducationAppropriationsSubcommitteeincludedintentlanguagerequiringUSHEinstitutionstoreportonthefollowingitems:

Graduationrates(100,150,and200percent)bycohort,comparedtonationalaverages;

TransferandRetentionrates,bycohort;

Jobplacementrates,byclassificationofinstructionalprogram(CIP);

Costperdegree,withcomparisonstonationalaverages;

Percentageofstudentsenrollingin,andsuccessfullycompleting,developmentalmath,whoimmediatelyorconcurrentlyenrollincollegelevelmath;and

(Forthetworesearchuniversities)Amountofgrantmoneyappliedforandreceivedandthenumberofresearch/outreachinitiativesfundedbynon‐state‐fundedgrants.

Duringthe2015GeneralSession,theStateBoardofRegentsreportedontheseitems.Thereportincludesthecostsofvariousdegrees(Associates,Bachelors,Masters,andDoctorates)ateachUSHEinstitutionfor31generalcategoriesofstudy.Theinformationshowsthecostsbrokendownbystatefundsandtuition.

Ingeneral,thecostofthedegreesgoesupasthelevelincreases,i.e.,DoctoratedegreesaremoreexpensivethatMastersdegrees,whicharemoreexpensivethatBachelor’sdegrees.Alsodegreesatthetworesearchuniversitiesaremoreexpensivethanthoseattheteachinguniversities.The31generalcategoriesincludethefollowing:

Agriculture, Agriculture Operations,

and Related Science

Natural Resources and

Conservation

Architecture and Related Services

Communications, Journalism, and

Related Programs

Computer and Information Sciences

and Support Services

Personal and Culinary Services

Education

Engineering

Engineering Technologies and

Engineering‐Related Fields

Foreign Language, Literatures, and

Linguistics

Family and Consumer

Sciences/Human Sciences

Legal Profession and Studies

English Language and

Literature/Letters

Liberal Arts and Sciences, General

Studies and Humanities

Biological and Biomedical Sciences

Mathematics and Statistics

Parks, Recreation, Leisure, and

Fitness Studies

Philosophy and Religious Studies

Physical Sciences

Science Technologies/Technicians

Psychology

Homeland Security, Law

Enforcement, Firefighting, and

Related Protective Services

Public Administration and Social

Service Professions

Social Sciences

Construction Trades

Mechanical and Repair

Technologies/Technicians

Precision Production

Transportation and Materials

Moving

Visual and Performing Arts

Health Professions and Related

Programs

Business Management, Marketing,

and Related Support Services

(Note: Not all of these disciplines are taught at all of the USHE institutions.)



The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the time period from 2009‐10 to 2013‐14 grew by 9 percent.

Total

Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate

UU 12,061 10,493 16,572 UU 9,356 8,140 12,855 UU 21,417 18,633 29,427

USU 4,843 13,262 14,088 22,175 USU 2,506 6,863 7,291 11,475 USU 7,349 20,125 21,379 33,650

WSU 3,296 8,664 6,759 WSU 2,494 6,557 5,115 WSU 5,790 15,220 11,873

SUU 2,958 7,123 4,634 SUU 2,543 6,123 3,983 SUU 5,501 13,246 8,617

UVU 3,515 7,587 6,286 UVU 2,780 5,999 4,971 UVU 6,295 13,586 11,257

Snow 3,406 Snow 4,416 Snow 7,822

DSU 3,109 7,224 DSU 1,142 2,654 DSU 4,251 9,878

SLCC 2,986 SLCC 2,699 SLCC 5,685

Utah System of Higher Education

Costs per Degree ‐ 2009‐10State Funds Tuition Total

Total


UU 12,641 10,552 13,519 UU 14,654 12,233 15,672 UU 27,294 22,785 29,190

USU 3,854 12,695 17,431 29,629 USU 2,693 8,869 12,179 20,701 USU 6,547 21,564 29,610 50,329

WSU 2,972 8,191 7,017 WSU 2,954 8,140 6,973 WSU 5,926 16,331 13,990

SUU 3,287 8,016 4,549 SUU 3,662 8,933 5,069 SUU 6,949 16,949 9,617

UVU 4,013 8,630 6,060 UVU 3,778 8,125 5,705 UVU 7,792 16,755 11,765

Snow 3,175 6,350 Snow 4,486 8,972 Snow 7,661 15,322

DSU 4,142 9,292 DSU 2,068 4,641 DSU 6,210 13,932

SLCC 3,352 SLCC 3,114 SLCC 6,466




UU 4.8% 0.6% ‐18.4% UU 56.6% 50.3% 21.9% UU 27.4% 22.3% ‐0.8%

USU ‐20.4% ‐4.3% 23.7% 33.6% USU 7.4% 29.2% 67.0% 80.4% USU ‐10.9% 7.1% 38.5% 49.6%

WSU ‐9.8% ‐5.5% 3.8% WSU 18.4% 24.1% 36.3% WSU 2.3% 7.3% 17.8%

SUU 11.1% 12.5% ‐1.8% SUU 44.0% 45.9% 27.3% SUU 26.3% 28.0% 11.6%

UVU 14.2% 13.8% ‐3.6% UVU 35.9% 35.4% 14.8% UVU 23.8% 23.3% 4.5%

Snow ‐6.8% Snow 1.6% Snow ‐2.1%

DSU 33.2% 28.6% DSU 81.1% 74.9% DSU 46.1% 41.1%

SLCC 12.2% SLCC 15.4% SLCC 13.7%


Changes in Costs per Degree ‐ 2009‐10 to 2013‐14State Funds Tuition Total



The following charts show each USHE institution’s state funds and tuition costs per degree for the various types of degrees

it awards.

Figure 5

Figure 6

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

$10,000

$12,000

$14,000

$16,000

$18,000

2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14

University of UtahCost per Degree

State Funds‐Bach. Tuition‐Bach State Funds‐Master Tuition‐Master State Funds‐Doc. Tuition‐Doc.

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14

Utah State UniversityCost per Degree

State Funds‐Assoc. Tuition‐Assoc. State Funds‐Bach. Tuition‐Bach

State Funds‐Master Tuition‐Master State Funds‐Doc. Tuition‐Doc.



Figure 7

Figure 8

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

$10,000

2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14

Weber State UniversityCost per Degree

State Funds‐Assoc. Tuition‐Assoc. State Funds‐Bach. Tuition‐Bach State Funds‐Master Tuition‐Master

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

$10,000

2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14

Southern Utah UniversityCost per Degree




Figure 9

Figure 10

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

$10,000

2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14

Utah Valley UniversityCost per Degree


$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

$10,000

2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14

Snow CollegeCost per Degree




Figure 11

Figure 12

AsexplainedinpreviousIssueBriefs,EducationandGeneralexpendituresfallintothefollowingcategories:

Instruction–Allexpendituresassociatedwithinstructionincludingacademic,vocational,andremedialeducation.

Research–Allexpendituresrelatedtoresearchanddevelopment.

PublicService–Fundingfornon‐instructionalservicesincludingtheCooperativeExtensionatUtahStateUniversity.

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

$10,000

2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14

Dixie State UniversityCost per Degree


$0

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500

$3,000

$3,500

$4,000

2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14

Salt Lake Community CollegeCost per Degree

State Funds‐Assoc. Tuition‐Assoc.



AcademicSupport–Supportservicestomeettheprimarymissionoftheinstitutionssuchaslibraries,museums,computersupportandacademicdeans.

StudentServices–Admissions,registration,counseling,financialaid,careerdevelopment,aswellasthesocialaspectofcollegelifesuchasstudentorganizationsandathletics.

InstitutionalSupport–Expendituresassociatedwithexecutivelevelactivitiessuchasthemanagementoftheinstitution,planningandprogramming,legalservices,fiscaloperations,administrativedataprocessing,spacemanagement,andhumanresourcemanagement.

Scholarships–Expendituresfromrestrictedandunrestrictedfundsintheformofgrantstostudents.

OperationandMaintenance–Expensesassociatedwiththeoperationandmaintenanceofthephysicalplantincludingutilitiesandinsurance.

Transfers–FundingmovedwithintheUtahSystemofHigherEducation.

Theprevious“CostperDegree”sectionwasbasedonjusttheInstructionalcostsofthebudget.Usingthetotalappropriatedcosts,tofactorinthecostsassociatedwithresearch,publicservice,academicsupport,studentservices,institutionalsupport,andoperationsandmaintenance,thecostperdegreeincreasesasshowninthefollowingfigure:

Theseamountsincludeanaverageamountofnon‐instructionalcostsperawardwiththelengthofawardfactoredin.Thecalculationsincludemanyassumptions:

Costsareforaparticulardepartmentorprogram,nottheactualcostofastudent’scourseorstudy–differentcoststructuresareinplace,basedoninstructor,semester,year,andcourseenrollment.

Costswillfluctuatefromsemestertosemester,dependingoninstitution,location,enrollment,andstudenttofacultyratio.

Thecalculationsusethe2012‐13statefunds/tuitionmixforallyearsofthedegree.

Differenttypesofprogramsanddegreesmaybeincludedinthetwo‐digitCIPcodes.

Costsfornon‐completersareincludedandallocatedtocompleters.

DepartmentsthatofferGeneralEducationcourses(i.e.MathandEnglish)tomanymajorswillhavehighdepartmentalcostswithcomparativelyfewcompleters.

Total


UU 26,210 17,435 20,988 UU 29,556 19,661 23,668 UU 55,766 37,096 44,656

USU 12,550 28,380 22,748 27,852 USU 9,088 20,551 16,473 20,169 USU 21,638 48,931 39,221 48,021

WSU 7,598 17,088 11,813 WSU 7,909 17,785 12,295 WSU 15,507 34,873 24,108

SUU 9,445 20,397 11,348 SUU 11,087 23,944 13,322 SUU 20,532 44,341 24,670

UVU 6,184 12,936 9,645 UVU 9,672 20,233 15,085 UVU 15,856 33,169 24,730

Snow 19,495 Snow 9,602 Snow 29,097

DSU 6,806 14,323 DSU 7,374 15,516 DSU 14,180 29,839

SLCC 12,446 SLCC 11,958 SLCC 24,404





This report also shows comparisons between Utah and the other states in the union in the following areas:

Average Tuition per FTE Student

Average Appropriations (State Support) per FTE Student

Average Total Revenue per FTE Student (assuming that revenues is a proxy for expenditures)

Degrees per 100 FTE Students

Degrees per $100,000 of Educational Expenditures

State and Local Higher Education Support per Capita

(The source for the data for Figures 13 through 18 is the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems

(NCHEMS), a repository of higher education data.)

These comparisons show that Utah’s expenditures per FTE student, comprised of both tuition and state funds, is at the

lower end of the scale, as can be seen in Figures 13 ‐ 15.

Figure 13

Figure 14

$2,084

$2,761

$3,121

$3,760

$3,995

$4,261

$4,317

$4,433

$4,468

$4,568

$4,771

$4,869

$4,929

$4,951

$5,125

$5,256

$5,352

$5,401

$5,419

$5,505

$5,544

$5,885

$6,040

$6,327

$6,518

$6,577

$6,664

$6,685

$6,752

$7,111

$7,216

$7,344

$7,626

$7,709

$7,749

$8,048

$8,115

$8,118

$8,221

$8,400

$8,432

$9,236

$9,857

$9,905

$10,962

$10,971

$12,951

$13,835

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

$10,000

$12,000

$14,000

$16,000

California

Wyoming

Florida

New M

exico

Nevada

Idaho

North Carolina

Mississippi

Georgia

Louisiana

New York

Utah

Massachusetts

Arkansas

Texas

Washington

Oklahoma

Nebraska

Wisconsin

Montana

Missouri

Kansas

Tennessee

Ken

tucky

Arizona

Oregon

Illinois

Indiana

North Dakota

Minnesota

West Virginia

Ohio

Maryland

Virginia

Connecticut

New

Jersey

Colorado

Iowa

South Dakota

Maine

South Carolina

Pen

nsylvan

ia

New Ham

pshire

Alabam

a

Michigan

Rhode Island

Vermont

Delaw

are

Average Tuition per FTE Student

$2,360

$2,816

$3,022

$3,654

$4,214

$4,314

$4,690

$4,765

$4,779

$4,878

$4,894

$4,939

$5,005

$5,052

$5,171

$5,297

$5,327

$5,335

$5,506

$5,520

$5,530

$5,606

$5,648

$5,673

$5,700

$5,786

$5,798

$6,073

$6,252

$6,514

$6,824

$6,959

$7,004

$7,016

$7,080

$7,192

$7,297

$7,509

$7,512

$7,653

$7,840

$7,888

$8,029

$8,050

$8,454

$8,562

$12,293

$15,561

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

$10,000

$12,000

$14,000

$16,000

$18,000

New Ham

pshire

Vermont

Colorado

Pen

nsylvan

ia

Oregon

Ohio

Rhode Island

Michigan

Virginia

South Dakota

South Carolina

Montana

Indiana

Delaw

are

Arizona

Missouri

Minnesota

Iowa

Utah

New

Jersey

West Virginia

Louisiana

Kansas

Alabam

a

Washington

Wisconsin

Florida

Massachusetts

Maine

Mississippi

Ken

tucky

Tennessee

Idaho

Nevada

Oklahoma

Connecticut

Georgia

California

Maryland

Arkansas

Nebraska

North Dakota

New M

exico

Texas

New York

North Carolina

Illinois

Wyoming

Average Higher Education Appropriations per FTE Student



Figure 15

The number of degrees awarded per 100 FTE students is a recognized measure of higher education efficiency. Utah ranks

near the top of all 50 states in this measure.

Figure 16

$8,919

$9,593

$10,174

$10,375

$10,444

$10,791

$10,841

$10,947

$10,956

$11,002

$11,011

$11,138

$11,205

$11,265

$11,339

$11,533

$11,658

$11,690

$11,731

$11,757

$11,789

$11,930

$12,216

$12,298

$12,409

$12,432

$12,439

$12,639

$12,848

$12,879

$12,890

$13,151

$13,175

$13,225

$13,241

$13,453

$13,568

$14,640

$14,652

$14,927

$14,941

$15,139

$15,320

$15,661

$15,727

$18,284

$18,517

$18,852

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

$10,000

$12,000

$14,000

$16,000

$18,000

$20,000

Florida

California

Louisiana

Utah

Montana

Oregon

Missouri

Mississippi

Washington

Massachusetts

Nevada

Colorado

Wisconsin

Idaho

Arizona

Kansas

Ohio

Indiana

Arkansas

Georgia

New M

exico

West Virginia

New Ham

pshire

South Dakota

Virginia

Oklahoma

Minnesota

South Carolina

Tennessee

North Carolina

Pen

nsylvan

ia

Ken

tucky

Texas

New York

Nebraska

Iowa

New

Jersey

North Dakota

Maine

Alabam

a

Connecticut

Maryland

Vermont

Rhode Island

Michigan

Wyoming

Illinois

Delaw

are

Average Total Revenue per FTE Student15.2 17.2

17.3

17.7

18.1

18.1

18.5

18.5

18.6

18.6

18.7

18.9

18.9

19.0

19.1

19.2

19.2

19.2

19.4

19.4

19.4

19.5

19.5

19.7

19.9

20.1

20.1

20.2

20.5

20.6

20.7

20.8

20.9

21.2

21.3

21.3

21.4

21.7

22.0

22.1

22.1

22.2

22.2

22.5

22.6

22.9

23.1 24.3

24.7

25.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Alaska

South Dakota

Louisiana

West Virginia

Alabam

a

Arkansas

Georgia

Nebraska

New M

exico

Rhode Island

Ken

tucky

Nevada

Tennessee

Ohio

Montana

Mississippi

North Carolina

North Dakota

Idaho

Indiana

Massachusetts

Colorado

South Carolina

Maine

Wisconsin

Minnesota

Wyoming

Pen

nsylvan

ia

Iowa

Oregon

Michigan

Missouri

Virginia

New York

Delaw

are

New Ham

pshire

Kansas

Oklahoma

Maryland

Arizona

Haw

aii

Texas

Utah

New

Jersey

Vermont

California

Connecticut

Illinois

Washington

Florida

Degrees per 100 FTE Undergraduate Students



The number of degrees awarded per $100,000 of educational expenditures is another measure of higher education

efficiency. Utah is the second best in the nation when looking at this criteria.

Figure 17

Utah is right in the middle of the 50 states when looking at state and local Higher Education funding per capita (Some

states utilize local tax support for higher education; Utah does not.)

Figure 18

1.02

1.21

1.30

1.49

1.52

1.54

1.57

1.63

1.69

1.69

1.70

1.70

1.72

1.73

1.74

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.76

1.76

1.78

1.79

1.79

1.80

1.83

1.85

1.85

1.86

1.90

1.92

2.00

2.01

2.02

2.03

2.07

2.07

2.08

2.10

2.10

2.11

2.11

2.13

2.19

2.25

2.31

2.36

2.58

2.59 2.82

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Alaska

Connecticut

Delaw

are

Haw

aii

New

York

Wyoming

Vermont

North Carolina

Pen

nsylvania

South Carolina

Illinois

Oregon

California

Nevada

Wisconsin

Marylan

d

Massachusetts

New Jersey

Ohio

Tennessee

Washington

Texas

Nebraska

Rhode Island

Minnesota

Indiana

Alabam

a

Maine

Michigan

Ken

tucky

Colorado

New

Mexico

Iowa

Louisiana

North Dakota

New

Ham

pshire

West Virginia

Mississippi

Arkansas

Oklahoma

Idah

o

Kansas

Virginia

Georgia

Arizona

South Dakota

Montana

Missouri

Utah

Florida

Degrees Awarded per $100,000 of Educational Expenditures$104.35

$132.18

$149.63

$149.75

$157.89

$159.64

$161.93

$167.71

$172.69

$172.79

$172.85

$174.15

$189.31

$197.66

$200.36

$202.02

$210.24

$216.59

$224.80

$232.44

$232.87

$233.22

$234.21

$240.10

$244.04

$244.24

$247.38

$247.76

$248.66

$258.39

$259.17

$262.87

$265.61

$273.87

$275.89

$279.71

$282.54

$290.58

$296.69

$297.03

$300.54

$306.95

$313.07

$354.89

$356.09

$401.18

$407.62

$455.71

$473.43 $6

05.97

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

New Ham

pshire

Colorado

Vermont

Rhode Island

Pen

nsylvan

ia

Missouri

Oregon

Arizona

Montana

Ohio

Massachusetts

South Carolina

Michigan

Florida

Maine

Nevada

Virginia

Idaho

South Dakota

New

Jersey

Wisconsin

Washington

Delaw

are

Indiana

New York

Texas

Utah

Iowa

Illinois

Minnesota

Tennessee

Kansas

West Virginia

Maryland

Oklahoma

Ken

tucky

Louisiana

California

Alabam

a

Georgia

Connecticut

Arkansas

Mississippi

Nebraska

Haw

aii

New M

exico

North Carolina

North Dakota

Alaska

Wyoming

State and Local Higher Education Support per Capita

state appropriations for higher education · the utah system of higher education (ushe) is...

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