state a question the first step in the scientific method is to state a question to be answered or a...
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State a QuestionThe first step in the scientific method is to state a question to be
answered or a problem to be solved.
The statement of a question or problem is often a result of observation and attention to detail. Scientific observation involves
the use of one or more of the five senses: sight, smell, sound, taste, and touch.
I know that seeds need moisture in order to grow. I wonder if the hard coat on some types of seeds makes it hard for the seeds to
get the moisture they need.
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The question to be answered or problem to be solved must be stated clearly.
If you scratch the hard coat of a seed, will it germinate faster?
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Form a Hypothesis
The second step in the scientific method is to form a hypothesis.
A hypothesis is a possible answer to a question, or a reasonable educated guess about what will happen. Hypotheses
are based on observations and/or research. When a person forms a hypothesis, he or she predicts what will happen.
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Since seeds need water in order to grow, I think seeds that have been scratched will germinate faster.
Moisture will be able to enter the seeds through the scratch, and germination can take place.
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Experiment
The third step in the scientific method is experimentation. While experimenting, a person collects data that will either
support or disprove the hypothesis.
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1. Set up a control group. In this experiment, the control group does not receive special treatment. It provides the information to which the experimental group will be compared.
I will not scratch these 30 seeds. I will place them inside this milk carton on top of a wet paper towel. Then I will place the carton in a sealed plastic bag, making a simple greenhouse.
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2. Set up experimental groups. Experimental groups receive special treatment so that the effects of various conditions ca be tested.
I will rub these 30 seeds with sandpaper until I wear through the hard coat. Then I will place them in a simple greenhouse.
I will nick the edge of the hard coat on these 30 seeds. Then I will place the seeds in a simple greenhouse.
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3. Gather data. Data are the results of the experiment. Data may consist of a description of what happened, or it may be
measurements and specific values.
Type of SeedNumber of Seeds Germinated
Control
Sanded
Nicked
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
4
9
7
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Draw ConclusionsThe final step in the scientific method is to
interpret the data in order to draw conclusions.
A conclusion is a statement that tells whether or not the data collected supports
the hypothesis,
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The seeds that were sanded or nicked germinated faster because their hard coat was broken. Moisture was able to penetrate and germination started.
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After drawing a conclusion, a person may devise further questions and hypotheses.
What would happen if I sanded the entire coat off of a seed?
How would cutting a seed in half affect germination?
Would soaking seeds in the water before planting affect germination?