Starter (September 6, 2011)Getting to Know Your Textbook

Directions: Grab a textbook from the shelf and answer the following questions. (Keep the book once you are finished. Books will be issued at the end of class

today.)

1.How many chapters are in your textbook?2.Which chapter would you find information regarding World War II?3.What page does the glossary begin on?4.Why would you use a glossary?5.What page does the index begin on?6.Why would you use an index?7.Define oligarchy.8.What page in your textbook discusses an oligarchy?

You have 15 minutes to complete this starter. Class discussion will follow—be prepared to share your responses. File this in your WH notebook—be sure that it is dated and has a title.

Class Information• Extra Credit—bring in baby wipes or tissues for

extra credit. You will get 25 points per box/pack. You can get a maximum of 100 points. These are due by Friday (September 9th) to Ms. Campbell!

• Engrade.com’s gradebook is a work in progress. You should have log in information sometime next week.

• The class website is also coming together. Expect it to be fully functional by next week.

• Your first TEST will be next TUESDAY, September 13th. You should study nightly to be fully prepared for this test. I hope that you all will start out strong!

Unit 1:The Beginnings of Civilization

(Beginnings-200 BC)6 days

Readings: Chapters 1-2 in your textVocabulary: Due on test day

Test Date: September 13th, 2011

Prehistory• Prehistory is the period before written records were

kept. Without written records, we must depend on science and interpretation to study early humans.– Anthropologists study human origins and interactions– Archaeologists study human remains and artifacts (things

made or altered by humans)

• These scientists develop theories based on:– Stratigraphy: idea that is based on the idea that older

artifacts or remains will be found deeper than those found above them

– Radiocarbon dating: used to estimate the age of living things based on the radioactive particles that are present

• In the 1970s, archaeologists discovered humanlike footprints in Africa. – Important because these hominids (humanlike

creatures) walked upright on two limbs. – They also were discovered to have an opposable

thumb that allowed them to pick up and hold objects—tools which would be made primarily of stone.• The kinds of tools used create the different stages of

early human life.

• Lucy—click to view video clip

Eras of Early Human Life• Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) lasted from about

2.5 million years ago to about 12,000 years ago.– Evidence of culture includes cave paintings and bone

carvings• The Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age) lasted

from about 12,000 to 10,000 years ago.– Evidence of culture specialized stone tools such as the

bow and arrow, fishhooks, harpoons, and canoes• The Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) lasted from

about 10,000 to 8,000 years ago.– Evidence of culture included polished tools such as

wedges, saws, drills, chisels, and needles.

EARLY HUMAN PROFILES

Homo habilis

• Found in East Africa• “man of skill”• Tools made of lava

rock• Lived about 2.5

million years ago

Homo erectus• Used tools for specialized purposes• Dug for food, cut meat from animal

bones, and scraped animal skins• First use of fire• May have had the first spoken

language• Lived about 1.6 million years ago• Homo erectus—click to view video

clip

Homo sapiens

Neanderthal• Lived in caves or built shelter

of wood/animal remains• Found ways to survive the

freezing temperatures of the Ice Age

• Disappeared around 30,000 BC

Cro-Magnon• Truly modern humans• Homo sapiens sapiens• “thinking thinking man”• More environmentally

adaptive

• By around 200,000 BC, these modern humans lived in Africa—they eventually migrated to Eurasia, Australia, and North America

• “thinking man”• It is unclear if these two competed with one another, but

evidence supports the idea that they did live near each other.

Early Human Life

• Typically, early humans lived in small bands of nomadic hunters and gatherers.– This means that they moved in search of food and

water.

• Around 12,000 BC some groups began to settle down as climate changes created a rapid spread of food (mainly grains).

• During the Neolithic Period, these humans learned how to store surplus grain for later use.

Agricultural Revolution

• Domestication occurred between 8,000 and 5,000 BC.– Domestication: the adaptation of plants and

animals for the benefit of humans• Domestication of plants led to agriculture (farming)• Domestication of animals led to pastoralism (herding)

• This shift from gathering food to producing food is called the Agricultural Revolution.– This revolution occurred at different times in

different locations around the world.

The End of the Neolithic Period

• In the late Neolithic Period, people began developing metal tools which ushered in the Bronze Age.

• Populations increased due to the many developments of the Neolithic Age and many began to live in agricultural villages.– As these communities grew, they developed

cultures which made them close to civilizations.

Civilization

• According to historians, civilization means people living together in complex societies.

• Basic elements include:– Production of surplus food– Large towns or cities– Divisions of labor in which many workers are

specialists

• “Civilized people” are therefore people who gave up nomadic living and lived in communities.

Begin UNIT 1 Vocabulary. There are 52 words.Due on test day—September 13, 2011.

This gives you ONE week from today, but should be your only homework. Use your time wisely and

work ahead before the due date creeps up on you!

Starter (September 7, 2011) Early Human Eras Timeline

In your notebook, create a timeline using yesterday’s notes (and your text if needed) to create a timeline from 2,500,000 BC to 5,000 BC. Show the following:1.The three periods of the Stone Age (show by using three different colors—label each)2.The Agricultural Revolution (Remember—this is a range of dates—show this on your timeline by using a color and be sure to label it)

After creating you timeline, answer the following:1.In which era did Homo erectus live?2.In which era did people begin to domesticate animals?

2,500,000 BC 5,000 BC

Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age(2,500,000 to 12,000 BC)

Mesolithic (Middle

Stone) Age(12,000 to 10,000 BC)

Neolithic (New

Stone) Age

(10,000 to 8,000 BC)

Ag. Rev.

(8,000 to

5,000 BC)

Your timeline should look something like this—this is a “rough timeline” as the Paleolithic block would be much larger in a real scale. For the sake of space, you get the point.

Answers to questions:1. Homo erectus lived during the Paleolithic Era, or the Old Stone Age.2. People began to domesticate animals during the Agricultural Revolution. This, along with the development of farming, allowed them to give up their nomadic way of life and stay in one location.

Early Human Eras Timeline

Early Cultures Mini Project (IN CLASS)In groups, you will create a poster that displays one of several early cultures for this unit. You will have today in class to complete the assignment. Tomorrow, each group will present their poster “teaching” the class about their assigned culture. The entire class will be responsible for knowing the details of every culture covered in class and in the textbook. READING the textbook will cover any information that may not be covered by class presentations. (These civilizations and cultures are covered in Chapter 1 Sections 2-5)**This assignment will count as two classwork grades.**Tomorrow, their will be a short quiz after presentations to ensure comprehension of content.

Early Cultures Mini-Project• Sumer• Egypt• Harappa• Yangshao• Longshan• Olmec

Poster Requirements1.Must be neat and attractive—use color.2.The name of your culture should stand out from supporting details.3.Required details include:

1. Where was the culture located? What continent, country, near what landmarks, etc?

2. Discuss aspects of culture including (as many as possible):

1. Education2. Religion3. Trade4. Writing

3. Visual of some kind (a map, important landmark, tool, etc. Be creative, but make sure you can justify and explain your visual to the class.)

Starter (September 8, 2011)

• Read “Geography and History: Life in the River Valleys” on page 20-21 in your textbook.

• Answer the questions that follow the reading in your WH notebook.

• Be sure to date and label your starter!• This will help you understand more about

today’s topic and the information will be included in today’s quiz.

Class Presentations

• Take detailed notes on each culture discussed in class today. These should be filed in your WH notebook along with your regular class notes.

• If you are not respectful to other groups during their presentation, points will be deducted from your individual grade.

CIVILIZATION GEOGRAPHY ACCOMPLISHMENTS Misc. InfoNile River Valley (present-day Egypt)

Nile River flooded regularly helping with irrigation and food. The river flows north, but the wind blows south which helped promote trade and unity. Deserts and sea surround the area protecting from invasion.

Hieroglyphics

Wrote on the papyrus plant

Use of geometry to help build pyramids and tombs (also built the Sphinx)

365 day calendar

Polytheistic religion

Belief in life after death

Tigris-Euphrates River Valley (present-day Iraq)

Unpredictable floods provided a stable food supply, but were dangerous. Sumerians believed the floods were the result of angry gods. Valley was surrounded by deserts and hills, but they were easy to cross—open to invasion.

Cuneiform

Developed the wheel and algebra

Hammurabi's Code (an eye for an eye)

Practiced a polytheistic religion

Did not believe in heaven or salvation

CIVILIZATION GEOGRAPHY ACCOMPLISHMENTS Misc. Info

Yellow River Valley (present-day China)

The Yellow River (of Huang He) provided fertile soil for a stable food supply. The valley was surrounded by mountains and desert which isolated them from other cultures and provided protection from invasion.

360 day calendar

Kept a written history

Mandate of Heaven

Indus River Valley (present-day India)

The Indus River and monsoons provided for a steady food supply. Unpredictable flooding led to famine and food destruction. The valley was bordered by mountains, but a pass allowed entry to the region and invasion.

Kept a written language

Constructed a water system, public baths, and hospitals

Practiced animism

The caste system

Vedic religion

Area conquered by the Aryans

Early Civilizations and Cultures Quiz

1. The four early civilizations were located in present-day Africa, Iraq, India, and China. What do all of their locations have in common?

2. Which culture believed in mummification as a way of preserving their dead?

3. Which culture developed cuneiform as their written script?

4. Which culture built the Sphinx (a stone figure that has a man’s head and lion’s body) to represent their sun god?

5. Which culture that we discussed had a citadel (a central fortress)?

With any time left, work on your Unit 1 Vocab.

Starter (September 9, 2011)Review

1. What is a nomad?2. What are the elements needed to have a a

civilization?3. List the four early river civilizations and their

present-day location.

Place this starter in your WH notebook. Be sure that it is dated.

THE FIRST EMPIRES (2400 BC-500 BC)

Empires in Mesopotamia Complete the “Empires in Mesopotamia” chart by reading Chapter 2, Section 1.

You may work in small groups as long as you remain on task.

You have only 20 minutes to complete this assignment. If you do not complete the chart, it is homework to be completed over the weekend.

EMPIRES IN AFRICA

The Hyksos’ Empire• The Hyksos originally migrated peacefully

among the Egyptians.• By 1650 BC, the Hyksos overthrew the

Egyptian dynasty.• Advantages– Superior technology (bronze and the

horse-drawn chariot)• Followed the model of traditional

pharaohs, but never ruled the entire Nile Valley.

• Around 1570 BC, the Hyksos were pushed out of Egypt by Theban rulers.

The New Kingdom• In the mid-1500s BC, Ahmose became the first ruler

of the 18th Dynasty forming the “New Kingdom.”– The New Kingdom was focused on expanding its

borders.• Imperialism—pharaohs of the kingdom believed that

building a larger kingdom would prevent invasion.– Creating a larger kingdom required a standing

army. – The expansion created greater influence from

outside leading to more diversity.

Hatshepsut• Daughter of a pharaoh, she married her own half-

brother, Thutmose II.– Thutmose II died and his son, Thutmose III, was too

young to rule.– Hatshepsut became ruler until Thutmose III became an

adult.

• Ruled Egypt for 20 years in which Egypt was generally peaceful.

• She sent trading expeditions down the coast of the Read Sea and took on public works projects.

Akhenaton’s Religious Revolution

• Changes occurred in Egyptian religion due to increased contact with foreigners.

• Akhenaton, ruler of Egypt in 1380 BC, challenged the priests and claimed there was only one god.

• Akhenaton eventually lost the argument as most of the common people had not given up their traditional polytheistic religion.

Egyptian Decline• In the 1300s BC, Egyptian rule began to decline.

– Influenced by Akhenaton’s religious reforms –he neglected defenses in his attempt to change the religion of the empire.

– Pharaoh Ramses II lost a battle against the Hittites around 1288 BC.

• In the middle of the 1200s, the “Sea Peoples” forced Egyptians to abandon provinces and return to the Nile Valley.

• 1200 BC, Libyans set up their own independent dynasties in the Nile Valley.

• All of the changes during these periods led Egyptians to abandon religion and become more concerned with themselves (abandoning the power of the pharaoh).

General Information =]• I hope that you have adjusted well to a “real week” of World History. As you can

see, it moves quickly! Things to keep in mind:– Attendance is key! If you miss days, it is difficult to catch up!

• If you miss days, it is your responsibility to make up your work! See Ms. Campbell to make arrangements. You can utilize the 9:30 tutorial period to make up missing assignments. If you need to stay after school to make up work, arrangements can be made for you to do so, but you have to ask!

– Your first TEST is Tuesday. You should already be studying! • Remember, Unit 1 Vocabulary is due the same day as your test.• On your test, you are responsible for a lot of information! Anything covered

in class notes, class assignments, vocabulary, or in Chapters 1 and 2 from your textbook are fair game.

• If you have any time left in class, work on your vocab or missing assignments.• Have a great weekend—you deserve it after this week—but be ready for another

busy week next week!

Starter (September 12, 2011)Read about the Minoan Civilization (page 42-43 in your textbook) to answer the following questions. Responses must be in complete sentences.1.Where was the Minoan Civilization located?2.How did most Minoans make a living?3.Explain what Minoan religion leads historians to believe about gender relations.4.Explain how natural disasters affected the Minoan Civilization.

Starter Answers1. The Minoan Civilization was located in Crete. Crete is

bordered by the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. This puts the civilization in the Mediterranean. (See the map on p43)

2. The Minoans primary depended upon the sea to trade with outside civilizations.

3. The Minoan religion centers around the Mother Goddess which leads historians to believe that women had equal status with men.

4. Earthquakes often damaged the Minoan civilization causing Minoans to have to rebuild. Furthermore, the decline of the Minoans began after a volcano erupted on an island north of Crete, Thera, which caused flooding for the Minoans. The volcano also ruined crops and buried cities.

General Info1. Check out the class website—I have put a lot of useful information on

there for your use. (Ask Ms. Campbell to navigate to it at the end of class if time permits.)

2. The US Geography Quiz grades are not as high as I would have expected. Several of you did extremely well, but overall the grades were lacking. You will be getting these quizzes back—you need to decide if you will take my retake after I return to school. This is a rare opportunity! 85% is considered mastery of a topic—I will be leaving it up to you if you will retake the quiz or not. Choose wisely! It will not be the same quiz or format. It is a retake, therefore it will likely be harder to many of you. STUDY NOW—I have a great site for review posted on the website.

3. Progress Reports are around the corner. Be working on any missing assignments to ensure it reflects the grade you want!

4. Unit 1 Test is TOMORROW! Remember, you are responsible for any information from notes, classwork, vocabulary, and Chapter 1 and 2 of you text. (3 Sections: Multiple Choice, Vocabulary, and Chronology—40 questions total)

5. Unit 1 Vocabulary is due tomorrow!

Early Greek Civilization• The Mycenaeans (around 1700 BC) built strong

fortresses in the cities from which they commanded the countryside.

• Interactions occurred with the Minoans leading to adoption of some Minoan customs.– These traders replaced the Minoans and traded as

far as Spain and Russia.

• Society was led by warrior-kings.• Architecture included impressive palaces,

bridges, and road networks.

• Iliad and The Odyssey, epic poems written by the poet Homer, tell us most of what we know about Mycenaean life.– These early Greeks worshipped Indo-European sky gods (led by

Zeus the sky-god).– Warfare was important. The upper classes were buried with

weapons.• Decline of the Mycenaeans began around 1200 BC possibly

due to earthquakes.– Warfare among the various cities further weakened the

civilization.– The Trojan War, fought in the city of Troy across the Aegean in

Asia Minor, was the last great success of the Mycenaeans.– Another wave of attacks from Indo-Europeans began around

1100 BC.

The Dorians• The migration of Indo-Europeans into the Greek peninsula

reorganized many groups including the Dorians (who were pastoralists).

• The Dorians disliked city life and lived in camps without military fortifications. They disliked farming and often made conquered peoples farm for them.

• Movement of Indo-European groups continued creating disruptions in trade.

• Greece entered into what is called a Dark Age when the Myceneaen civilization practically disappeared due to these mass migrations.

• Your notes today continues the discussion of early empires from last week.

The Phoenicians• The Phoenicians emerged to fill the void left by

the end of Minoan and Myceneaen trade.– Built ships for the sea and traded with Egypt as early

as 1500 BC– By 900 BC, they dominated trade in the

Mediterranean and traded as far as England.• Built colonies in Africa

• The Phoenician alphabet developed into our modern alphabet.– Originally is consisted of 22 characters that

represented sounds instead of words or ideas.

The Hebrews

• Originally pastoralists from the Fertile Crescent, the Hebrews writings formed the foundations of the Bible.– Founder of the Hebrews was Abraham (a sheep

herder) who migrated to Palestine.• Abraham had a son named Jacob who had 12 sons.

– Each of Jacob’s 12 sons founded a tribe creating The Twelve Tribes of Israel.

• Abraham and his followers eventually traveled to Egypt where they became slaves to the pharaoh.

• The Hebrews began Judaism.

• Around 1200 BC, Moses led the Hebrews out of Egypt in what is called the Exodus to Palestine. (Moses actually died before the Hebrews made it.)– Moses climbed Mount Sinai and returned with the

Ten Commandments (moral laws of the Hebrew god Yahweh).• The Hebrews entered into a covenant, or agreement, with

God accepting him as the supreme authority.• The teachings of Moses were written into five

books known as the Torah.– Within the Torah, laws are laid out much like those of

Hammurabi’s Code. However, Moses did not make exemption’s for those who could buy their way out of trouble.

• Moses and Mt. Sinai Video Clip

Classwork/Homework Assignment

• Read Chapter 2, Section 5 beginning on page 52 in your textbook.

• Complete numbers 1-5 in the Section Review. (You DO NOT have to complete the vocabulary portion as you should have already completed them in your Unit 1 Vocabulary.)

Starter (September 13, 2011)Your Unit 1 Test begins shortly after the bell. Use this time to study over your notes, vocab, and/or textbook.

After your test, you will begin Unit 2 Vocabulary which will cover the Persian, Greek, and Roman Empires. (Chapters 3-5 in your text)

There will be a project in Unit 2—more information to come.

Be sure to turn in any Chap 2 Section 5 assignments that were not turned in yesterday.