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stanford hci group / cs376

http://cs376.stanford.eduScott Klemmer · 09 November 2006

Adaptive Interfaces

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Midquarter Evaluation8 responses; thanks!Responders generally enthusiastic about readings and format; one dissenter: “basic literature should not be reviewed”Three areas for improvement

“not enough time to do all the readings, write the critiques and get enough sleep to go to class and participate”“Some way to know how we're doing in the class.”(especially with projects)“I think the student presentations should be more focused on interaction than lecturing”

Overall: Excellent / Very Good / Good / Very Good / Poor / Fair / Very Good / Excellent

Change time readings are due?

Some way

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The Direct Manipulation Ideology

Display as much information as possiblePredictableRapid, reversable interactionsUser initiates all actions

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The goal: high information density

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Command Line: Low density and indirect manipulation

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guis have improved density and more direct manipulation…

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…but still have a ways to go

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Ben Shneiderman on design methods

“30 years of planning work in AI is essentially down the tubes because of lack of attention to the user interface. The designers deliver a system and the first thing that the users say is, ‘This is great but what we really want to do is change these parameters.’ The designers say, ‘Well, you know, we didn’t put that in the interface.’ They just haven’t thought adequately about the interface, nor done testing early enough.”

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The Intelligent Interfaces Ideology

Agents know habits, preferences, interestsMixed initiative: computer is sometimes proactive

prompt-based telephone interfaces are an example of complete computer initiative

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Some recent successes

Spam FilteringToyota Prius braking system

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How Spam Filtering Works

Uses a Bayesian networkBegin with a set of ham (good) and spam messagesLook at tokens (email addresses, words) and their relative frequencies in ham and spame.g., “mortgage” occurs in 400 of 3,000 spam mails and 5 out of 300 legitimate emails. Its spam probability would be 0.8889([400/3000] divided by [5/300 + 400/3000]).

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Understanding Intelligent UIs

q “Why was this message classified as spam?”

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Collaborative Filtering

aka recommender systemsIntroduced in 1992, roughly simultaneously by…

David Goldberg, Xerox parc (email)Joe Konstan, Berkeley ->umn (NetNews)

…and explored soon after by many, includingPattie Maes, mit media lab (music)

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Traditional DM v. Collaborative Filtering

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How do they work?An Example Algorithm

Yezdezard Lashkari, Feature Guided Automated Collaborative Filtering, Masters Thesis, MIT Media Laboratory, 1995.WebhoundFirefly

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Webhound, Lashkari, 1995

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Webhound, Lashkari, 1995

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Webhound, Lashkari, 1995

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Webhound, Lashkari, 1995

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Attentional Interfaces

Chris Schmandt (MIT Media Lab)James Fogarty & Scott Hudson (CMU)Eric Horvitz (MSR)

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Everywhere Messaging

C. Schmandt, N. Marmasse, S. Marti, N. Sawhney, S. Wheeler, IBM Systems Journal, 2000Several systems

Clues: Finds time-critical emailsActive Messenger: Delivers these to one of many devicesNomadic Radio: Wearable audiocomMotion: Location-aware

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Clues

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Active Messenger

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Nomadic Radio

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comMotion

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Next Time… Capture & Access

The Audio Notebook, Lisa Stifelman, Barry Arons, Chris Schmandt

Lessons Learned from eClass: Assessing Automated Capture and Access in the Classroom, Jason A. Brotherton and Gregory D. Abowd