standard first aid lecture
TRANSCRIPT
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Standard First AidCharacteristics of a Good First Aider
“GROTER”Gentle
Should not cause painResourceful
Should make the best use of things out of handObservant
Should notice all signsTactful
Should not alarm the victim
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Standard First AidEmpathetic
Should be comfortingRespectable
Should maintain a professional and caring attitude
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Soft Tissue InjuriesWounds
Is a break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either internal or external
2 Classification of wounds:Closed Wound
Contusion or bruisesS/ Sx
Redness/ Hematoma/ Discoloration Pain and tenderness Swelling Any indication of internal bleeding (hematuria, hematemesis, blood on mouth,
nose or ear canal)
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First Aid Management“ICES”ImmobilizeCompress- cold/ ice applicationElevateSplint
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Open Wound“PALAI”PuntureAbrasionLacerationAvulsionIncisionS/Sx
Oozing blood either bright or dark red
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First Aid Management“4C’s”Control bleedingCover the wound with a dressing and secure bandageCare for shockConsult or refer to the physicianHome Care ManagementClean the wound with soap an waterCover the wound with dressing and bandage
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Specific Body InjuriesBlows to the eye
Chemical burnEye knocked outForeign objects
NosebleedsKnocked out toothedImpaled objectsAmputationsSucking chest woundsAbdominal injuries
Protruding organs
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ShockIs a depressed condition of many body functions due to failure of
enough blood to circulate throughout the body following serious injury
Major causesHeart failureMassive vasodilationHemorrhage/ severe blood loss
S/SxHypoTTPallor/ cyanosisWeaknessDilated pupilsUnconciousness
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Objectives of First Aid:Ensure an adequate supply of oxygenImprove circulation of the bloodMaintain normal body temperatureManagement of Shock:Proper transferProper body positionProper temperatureProper IVF
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Bandaging TechniqueHeadFace, Back of the headHand, FootForehead, Eye, EarArm, LegPalm Pressure, Palm Bandage (open hand)Elbow, Knee
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Bones, Joints, and Muscle InjuriesCausesFallsSportsTypes:Muscle cramps
Painful tightening of a muscleStretch the affected muscleMassage firmly and gentlyApply moist heat
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StrainPainful tearing of muscle fiber
SprainTorn fibers in a ligament
DislocationDisplacement of a bone from its normal position a joint
FractureBreak or disruption in bone tissue
Management:ICES
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SplintingMechanical Anatomical
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Transfer One Man Carry
Assist to walkCarry in armsPack strap carryPiggy back carryFireman’s carryBlanket drag
Two Man AssistAssist to walkFour hand seatHand as a litterCarry by extremities
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Three Man CarryHammock Carry
Four/ six/ eight man carryUse of commercial stretcher
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Emergency Action PrinciplesSurvey the scene
Is the scene is safe?What happened?How many people are injured?Get consent
Do a primary surveyCheck for responsivenessCheck ABC
Activate Medical Assistance
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What happened LocationNumber of persons injuredExtent of injury and first aid given
Do the secondary surveyDCAPBTLS
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Other Common EmergenciesHeat cramps
A muscle pain and spasm due to largely loss of salt from the body in sweating
Heat exhaustion/ heat strokeCollapse due to excessive loss of salt and waterS/Sx
Heavy perspiration Weakness, lightheadedness Muscle ramps in the abdomen/ legs
First Aid Have a rest Cool the victim Give electrolyte beverages Massage
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HypoglycemiaToo low blood sugar levelTIREDTremorsIrritabilityRestlessnessExcessive hungerDiaphoresis Give candy, cola, juice
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SeizureInvoluntary muscle contraction due to uncontrolled activity in
the brainS/Sx
Sudden loss of consciousness Drooling, frothing mouth Twitching part of the body
First Aid Side lying, flat position Do not touch the patient Monitor ABC while on seizure activity Note the duration of the seizure Provide safety
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