standard arc lamp calibration setups for rss grating ......arc setups for rss grating spectroscopy...

Standard Arc Lamp CalibrationSetups for RSS Grating Spectroscopy

Kenneth NordsieckBrian Babler

University of Wisconsin

Document Number: SALT-3170AM0008

Version 1.06 January, 2011

Change History

Rev Date Description

1.0 January 6, 2011 Document origin

Table of Contents

1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Arc Lamp Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3 Standard Arc Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Normal Grating Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Multiplexed Grating Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 Lamp exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

4 Comparison with PV Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Appendices: Lamp Line ID's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12A. Ar Lamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12B. Ne Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14C. Xe Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16D. CuAr Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18E. ThAr Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20F. HgAr Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Arc Setups for RSS Grating Spectroscopy v1.0 January 6, 2011 1

1 Scope

This document surveys existing arc lamp spectra for RSS grating modes, in order to define anoptimal standard table of lamp calibration setups as a function of grating, articulation, and orderseparating filter. This table is to be used by the SALT scheduler to perform standard arccalibrations for each RSS grating observation. The arc lamp survey is described in Section 2, the optimal arc setup table and the method for determining it is in section 3, and a comparison ofthis setup choice with the choice actually made in existing Performance Verification (“PV”)observations is made in Section 4. This is followed by an appendix containing an atlas of lampspectra with line identifications.

2 Arc Lamp Survey

Table 1 lists arc spectra that were analyzed for this survey. They were obtained in the lab beforeand after PV phase and during PV.

Lamp Grating ArtAng ArtSta λ0 λ1 Filter Exp Slit Image rms rms(R/mm) (deg) (D) (D) (s) (“) (D) (res)

Ar 900 24.25 31 3075 6211 0 10 1.5 0607250007 0.4620.025Ar 300 13 16 3200 10000 3200 30 1.5 0604020039 0.143

Ar 900 40 52 6053 9068 4600 30 1.5 0604020037 0.129Ne 300 10 12 986 10574 3200 1 0.33 0502020007 0.143

0.021Ne 900 40 52 6053 9068 4600 2 1.5 0610290222 0.056Xe 300 10 12 3200 10000 3200 1 0.33 0502020009 0.122

0.038Xe 900 26.5 34 3505 6628 3200 20 1.0 0610100016 0.215Xe 900 40 52 6053 9068 4600 20 1.5 0610130039 0.190

Cu Ar 900 24.25 31 3075 6211 0 60 1.5 0607260040 0.0920.026

Cu Ar 900 27.25 35 3649 6766 3400 30 1.5 0605060024 0.202Th Ar 900 24.25 31 3075 6211 0 30 1.5 0610210079 0.318

0.063Th Ar 900 31 40 4362 7453 3850 10 1.2 0610090032 0.238Th Ar 900 40 52 6053 9068 4600 20 1.5 0610130046 0.359Hg Ar 900 24.25 31 3075 6211 0 30 0.33 0906300023 0.056 0.036

Table 1. RSS Arc Spectra

Each of these were cleaned using the standard RSS SALT pipeline, then wavelength calibratedusing the existing line lists and a cubic wavelength fit. A culled line list for each wasconstructed using only those lines that fit to better than 1 Angstrom. The last two columns givethe rms deviation from this fit, in units of Dngstroms, and, averaged for each lamp, in resolutionelements (λ/R). Typical errors are about 3% of λ/R, except for the Th Ar lamp, indicating thatthe Th Ar line list could be improved. Apart from this, no systematics are seen in the residuals,indicating that a fifth order polynomial term is unnecessary, and that the CCD mosaic geometryis calibrated to better than about 0.1 pixel. A merged line list was then constructed combiningall spectra from the same lamp, with average line peak strengths relative to one of the brightestlines. These spectra, with line identifications, and the final culled line lists can be found inAppendices A - F.

1


3 Standard Arc Setups

Using the culled line lists from section 2, a list of usable arc lamps L as a function of grating g,camera station s, and filter f was constructed using the total number of lines Ntot (L, g, s, f) inthe wavelength range for that configuration Δλ = λ0 - λ1, restricting consideration to those lampswith enough total lines to allow a fit Ntot $ Nmin, but not so many that crowding would ensueNtot # Nmax.

3.1 Normal Grating Spectroscopy

For standard grating spectroscopy using the broad-band order separating filters, the wavelengthrange was set as follows: For the 300 R/mm grating (configuration ID 101 - 105), the wavelengthrange was assumed to be the filter cutoff to 10000 D, independent of s, ignoring second orderlines. For the other gratings (configuration ID’s 201-229, 301-348, 401- 460, 501- 554, and 601- 651), the wavelength range was assumed to be the total range for an on-axis beam at the givens, independent of the filter. Given a choice, the lamp with the best distribution of lines across thespectrum was then chosen using the summed relative line intensities in four regions

• the left edge of the spectrum I0(λ < λ0 + xΔλ)

• the left center of the spectrum I0c(λ0 + xΔλ < λ < (λ0 + λ1)/2)

• the right center of the spectrum I1c((λ0 + λ1)/2 < λ < λ1 - xΔλ)

• the right edge of the spectrum I1(λ > λ1 - xΔλ)

An “OK” lamp obeyed the Nmin and Nmax criteria and had at least one line in each of the fourregions. The “optimal” lamp was the one with the maximum value of min (I0, I0c, I1c, I1). Threeparameters then define the choice. These were ultimately set as follows to optimize the results:

Nmin = 8

Nmax = 59

x = 0.16

Tables 4A-F list the results, giving configuration ID, grating R/mm, filter or camera station,number of "OK" lamps, the best lamp, and the exposure (see section 3.3) and number of linesfor that lamp. Except for the 3000 R/mm grating, at least one "OK" lamp was found for eachconfiguration. For the 3000 R/mm grating, for seven UV and one mid-spectrum configurations(boxed), no single lamp was satisfactory. For the first six UV settings, one exposure with the HgAr and one with the Th Ar lamp needs to be obtained to satisfactorily cover the full spectrum. For the other two, a single Th Ar spectrum was as good as could be efficiently realized. (Seecomments in Table 4). A chart showing the number of configurations for which each lamp isoptimal is shown in Figure 1. There are 253 total configurations accounted for here.

2


3.2 Multiplexed Grating Spectroscopy

For multiplexed grating spectroscopy usingthe Fabry-Perot narrow-band filters(configuration ID 1-40), the wavelength rangewas assumed to be the filter bandpass,independent of the grating and camera station. For these very short spectra, a linearwavelength calibration was assumed, so thatfewer lines would be satisfactory:

Nmin = 3

Nmax = 19

x = 0.32

An “OK” lamp was one that has at least one line in each of three regions, the left edge (I0), thecenter (I0c + I1c) and right edge (I1). Optimum lamp results are given in Table 4G. For the 25"OK" cases the "optimal" lamp was the one with the maximum value of min (I0, (I0c + I1c), I1). For the other 15 “marginal” cases (boxed), the one with the maximum total number of lines waschosen as optimal. The number of configurations then having a particular number of lines isgiven in Table 2:

# Lines 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

# Configurations 2 4 17 9 3 2 3

Table 2. Multiplexed Grating Spectroscopy available lines

So at least there is no configuration completely lacking lines in any lamp. However, for the 15“marginal” configurations, it will probably be necessary to obtain a separate arc spectrum withthe interference filter replaced by the appropriate order-blocking filter, with at least one slit inthe slitmask isolated in the direction of dispersion, in order to obtain the dispersion as a functionof slit position. The number of configurations for which each lamp is optimal is shown in Figure1 (top). There are 40 multiplexed configurations accounted for here.

3.3 Lamp exposures

Exposure times for each lamp were set by first establishing (Table 3) an exposure that would notsaturate the normalization line for each lamp.

Lamp Ar Ne Xe Cu Ar Th Ar Hg Ar

Norm Line (D) 6965.43 7032.41 8280.12 4764.86 7635.11 5460.74

Norm Exp (s) 10 0.8 2 60 15 10

Table 3. Lamp Normalization lines and exposures

Normalization lines for each lamp were the brightest lines in the RSS range, except for Xe,

Figure 1. Optimal configurations for each lamp

3


where the two very bright lines at 8231.63 and 8819.41D are allowed to saturate. The exposurefor a particular configuration was then scaled to the brightest line in the λ0 - λ1 range, with amaximum

Tmax = 60 seconds

For exposures less than 5 seconds, it may be necessary to use a longer exposure with theappropriate Neutral Density filter.

The six appendices present arc spectra with line identifications, followed by the culled line lists,with intensities normalized to 100000 (yellow highlight). The normalization lines were thoseused to establish the maximum exposure times for each arc. The line list is restricted to thoselines from the NIST line lists that had an error of less than 1 Angstrom in cubic dispersion fits.

Table 4A. 300 R/mm Grating Configurations

ID Grating Filter λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines101 300 0 3200 9000 1 Ar 10 57102 300 3200 3200 9000 1 Ar 10 57103 300 3400 3400 9000 1 Ar 10 57104 300 3850 3850 9000 1 Ar 10 57105 300 4600 4600 9000 2 Ar 10 48

Table 4B. 900 R/mm Grating Configurations

ID Grating Station λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines201 900 31 3075 6211 2 Hg Ar 10.0 16202 900 32 3219 6351 3 Th Ar 60.0 54203 900 33 3362 6489 3 Th Ar 60.0 58204 900 34 3505 6628 3 Ar 31.3 37205 900 35 3649 6766 2 Ar 31.3 39206 900 36 3792 6904 2 Ar 31.3 41207 900 37 3934 7042 2 Ar 10.0 43208 900 38 4077 7179 2 Ar 10.0 46209 900 39 4220 7316 2 Xe 60.0 36210 900 40 4362 7453 2 Xe 60.0 38211 900 41 4504 7590 2 Ar 10.0 49212 900 42 4646 7726 2 Xe 60.0 34213 900 43 4788 7862 3 Xe 60.0 31214 900 44 4929 7997 3 Ar 10.0 45215 900 45 5071 8132 2 Xe 60.0 27216 900 46 5212 8267 2 Th Ar 15.0 54217 900 47 5353 8401 2 Th Ar 15.0 53218 900 48 5493 8535 3 Ne 0.7 42219 900 49 5634 8669 4 Ne 0.7 47220 900 50 5774 8802 4 Ne 0.7 48221 900 51 5914 8935 4 Ne 0.7 48

4


ID Grating Station λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines222 900 52 6053 9068 4 Ne 0.7 46223 900 53 6193 9200 2 Ne 0.7 43224 900 54 6332 9332 2 Ne 0.7 44225 900 55 6471 9463 2 Xe 2.0 35226 900 56 6609 9594 2 Xe 2.0 33227 900 57 6748 9725 2 Xe 2.0 33228 900 58 6886 9855 1 Xe 2.0 30229 900 59 7024 9985 1 Xe 2.0 28

Table 4C. 1300 R/mm Grating Configurations

ID Grating Station λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines301 1300 49 3900 6002 5 Cu Ar 50.5 56302 1300 50 3997 6094 5 Cu Ar 50.5 58303 1300 51 4094 6186 4 Cu Ar 50.5 55304 1300 52 4191 6278 4 Ar 47.8 30305 1300 53 4287 6369 4 Ar 47.8 29306 1300 54 4384 6460 4 Ar 47.8 29307 1300 55 4480 6551 4 Ar 47.8 30308 1300 56 4576 6642 4 Cu Ar 59.6 40309 1300 57 4672 6733 4 Cu Ar 59.6 34310 1300 58 4767 6823 2 Th Ar 60.0 35311 1300 59 4862 6912 3 Ar 47.8 30312 1300 60 4958 7002 3 Ar 10.0 32313 1300 61 5053 7091 2 Ar 10.0 33314 1300 62 5147 7180 3 Ar 10.0 35315 1300 63 5242 7269 3 Ar 10.0 32316 1300 64 5336 7357 3 Ar 10.0 34317 1300 65 5430 7445 3 Ar 10.0 36318 1300 66 5524 7533 3 Ar 10.0 36319 1300 67 5617 7620 4 Ne 0.7 31320 1300 68 5711 7707 4 Ne 0.7 31321 1300 69 5804 7794 4 Ne 0.7 31322 1300 70 5897 7880 3 Th Ar 15.0 44323 1300 71 5989 7966 3 Xe 60.0 20324 1300 72 6082 8052 3 Xe 60.0 22325 1300 73 6174 8137 3 Xe 60.0 22326 1300 74 6266 8222 3 Xe 60.0 22327 1300 75 6357 8306 3 Ne 0.7 24328 1300 76 6448 8391 3 Ne 0.7 24329 1300 77 6539 8475 3 Ne 0.7 24330 1300 78 6630 8558 3 Th Ar 15.0 36331 1300 79 6720 8641 3 Ne 0.7 25332 1300 80 6811 8724 3 Ne 0.7 27333 1300 81 6900 8807 3 Ne 0.7 27

5


ID Grating Station λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines334 1300 82 6990 8889 3 Ne 0.7 27335 1300 83 7079 8970 3 Th Ar 15.0 24336 1300 84 7168 9052 2 Ne 0.9 27337 1300 85 7257 9133 2 Ne 2.0 25338 1300 86 7345 9213 2 Ne 2.0 27339 1300 87 7433 9293 2 Ne 2.0 28340 1300 88 7521 9373 2 Ne 4.5 27341 1300 89 7608 9452 1 Xe 2.0 21342 1300 90 7695 9531 2 Xe 2.0 22343 1300 91 7782 9610 2 Xe 2.0 22344 1300 92 7868 9688 1 Xe 2.0 22345 1300 93 7954 9765 1 Xe 2.0 22346 1300 94 8040 9843 1 Xe 2.0 20347 1300 95 8126 9919 1 Xe 2.0 20348 1300 96 8211 9996 1 Xe 2.0 19

Table 4D. 1800 R/mm Grating Configurations

ID Grating Station λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines401 1800 73 4459 5877 4 Ar 60.0 21402 1800 74 4525 5938 4 Cu Ar 59.6 32403 1800 75 4591 5999 4 Cu Ar 59.6 28404 1800 76 4657 6060 4 Cu Ar 59.6 28405 1800 77 4723 6121 2 Cu Ar 59.6 27406 1800 78 4788 6181 2 Cu Ar 60.0 26407 1800 79 4854 6241 3 Cu Ar 60.0 24408 1800 80 4919 6301 4 Cu Ar 60.0 24409 1800 81 4984 6360 4 Cu Ar 60.0 23410 1800 82 5048 6420 3 Ar 47.8 24411 1800 83 5113 6479 3 Ar 47.8 24412 1800 84 5177 6537 4 Ar 47.8 21413 1800 85 5241 6596 3 Ar 47.8 20414 1800 86 5305 6654 4 Ar 47.8 21415 1800 87 5368 6712 3 Ar 47.8 22416 1800 88 5432 6769 2 Ar 47.8 22417 1800 89 5495 6827 3 Ar 47.8 21418 1800 90 5558 6884 3 Ar 47.8 22419 1800 91 5620 6940 3 Ar 47.8 20420 1800 92 5683 6997 4 Ne 0.9 22421 1800 93 5745 7053 4 Ne 0.7 23422 1800 94 5807 7109 4 Ne 0.7 24423 1800 95 5868 7164 4 Ne 0.7 23424 1800 96 5930 7219 3 Ne 0.7 23425 1800 97 5991 7274 3 Ne 0.7 22426 1800 98 6052 7329 3 Ne 0.7 21

6


ID Grating Station λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines427 1800 99 6113 7383 3 Ne 0.7 20428 1800 100 6173 7437 4 Ne 0.7 17429 1800 101 6233 7490 4 Ne 0.7 19430 1800 102 6293 7544 4 Ne 0.7 19431 1800 103 6352 7597 4 Ne 0.7 18432 1800 104 6412 7649 4 Ne 0.7 16433 1800 105 6471 7702 4 Ne 0.7 16434 1800 106 6529 7754 3 Xe 60.0 13435 1800 107 6588 7805 3 Xe 60.0 13436 1800 108 6646 7857 2 Xe 60.0 12437 1800 109 6704 7908 2 Xe 60.0 12438 1800 110 6762 7958 3 Xe 60.0 11439 1800 111 6819 8009 3 Xe 60.0 12440 1800 112 6876 8059 3 Xe 60.0 11441 1800 113 6933 8108 3 Xe 60.0 9442 1800 114 6989 8157 3 Xe 60.0 8443 1800 115 7045 8206 3 Xe 60.0 8444 1800 116 7101 8255 2 Xe 2.0 10445 1800 117 7157 8303 1 Ne 0.9 13446 1800 118 7212 8351 3 Ne 0.9 12447 1800 119 7267 8398 3 Ne 2.0 13448 1800 120 7321 8446 3 Ne 2.0 14449 1800 121 7376 8492 2 Th Ar 15.0 12450 1800 122 7430 8539 3 Ne 2.0 16451 1800 123 7483 8585 3 Ne 4.5 16452 1800 124 7537 8631 3 Ne 4.5 15453 1800 125 7590 8676 1 Th Ar 15.0 13454 1800 126 7642 8721 1 Xe 2.0 11455 1800 127 7695 8765 2 Th Ar 48.4 12456 1800 128 7747 8810 2 Th Ar 48.4 12457 1800 129 7798 8853 2 Ne 4.5 17458 1800 130 7850 8897 2 Ne 4.5 18459 1800 131 7901 8940 2 Ne 4.5 19460 1800 132 7952 8983 2 Ne 4.5 18

Table 4E. 2300 R/mm Grating Configurations

ID Grating Station λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines501 2300 79 3799 4884 3 Cu Ar 50.5 41502 2300 80 3849 4931 3 Cu Ar 50.5 41503 2300 81 3900 4978 3 Cu Ar 50.5 40504 2300 82 3951 5024 3 Cu Ar 50.5 41505 2300 83 4001 5070 3 Cu Ar 50.5 41506 2300 84 4052 5116 3 Cu Ar 50.5 38507 2300 85 4102 5162 4 Cu Ar 50.5 36

7


ID Grating Station λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines508 2300 86 4152 5207 3 Cu Ar 50.5 36509 2300 87 4201 5253 2 Cu Ar 59.6 32510 2300 88 4251 5298 3 Cu Ar 59.6 30511 2300 89 4300 5343 3 Cu Ar 59.6 28512 2300 90 4350 5387 2 Ar 60.0 11513 2300 91 4399 5431 3 Ar 60.0 11514 2300 92 4447 5476 3 Ar 60.0 12515 2300 93 4496 5520 3 Cu Ar 59.6 23516 2300 94 4544 5563 1 Cu Ar 59.6 23517 2300 95 4593 5607 2 Cu Ar 59.6 20518 2300 96 4641 5650 3 Cu Ar 59.6 18519 2300 97 4689 5693 3 Cu Ar 59.6 18520 2300 98 4736 5735 3 Cu Ar 59.6 16521 2300 99 4784 5778 3 Cu Ar 60.0 16522 2300 100 4831 5820 2 Cu Ar 60.0 15523 2300 101 4878 5862 2 Cu Ar 60.0 16524 2300 102 4925 5904 2 Cu Ar 60.0 16525 2300 103 4971 5945 3 Cu Ar 60.0 16526 2300 104 5018 5986 3 Ar 60.0 18527 2300 105 5064 6027 3 Ar 60.0 19528 2300 106 5110 6068 3 Ar 47.8 21529 2300 107 5156 6109 3 Ar 47.8 19530 2300 108 5201 6149 2 Ar 47.8 18531 2300 109 5247 6189 1 Th Ar 60.0 13532 2300 110 5292 6228 2 Ar 47.8 17533 2300 111 5337 6268 2 Ar 47.8 17534 2300 112 5381 6307 1 Cu Ar 60.0 18535 2300 113 5426 6346 1 Cu Ar 60.0 19536 2300 114 5470 6384 3 Cu Ar 60.0 19537 2300 115 5514 6422 3 Ar 47.8 16538 2300 116 5557 6460 3 Ar 47.8 16539 2300 117 5601 6498 4 Cu Ar 60.0 18540 2300 118 5644 6536 4 Cu Ar 60.0 17541 2300 119 5687 6573 4 Ar 47.8 13542 2300 120 5730 6610 4 Ne 0.9 18543 2300 121 5772 6646 4 Ne 0.9 18544 2300 122 5815 6683 4 Ar 47.8 13545 2300 123 5857 6719 4 Ar 47.8 12546 2300 124 5898 6754 3 Ar 47.8 11547 2300 125 5940 6790 3 Ne 0.9 19548 2300 126 5981 6825 3 Ne 0.9 17549 2300 127 6022 6860 2 Ar 47.8 10550 2300 128 6063 6894 2 Ar 60.0 9551 2300 129 6103 6929 3 Ar 60.0 9552 2300 130 6143 6963 4 Ne 0.9 14

8


ID Grating Station λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines553 2300 131 6183 6996 3 Ne 0.9 13554 2300 132 6223 7030 3 Ne 0.9 12

Table 4F. 3000 R/mm Grating Configurations

ID Grating Station λ0 λ1 OK Lamp1 Exp Lines Lamp2 Exp Lines Comment601 3000 82 3029 3852 0 Hg Ar 60.0 6 Th Ar 60.0 6602 3000 83 3068 3887 0 Hg Ar 60.0 6 Th Ar 60.0 6603 3000 84 3106 3922 1 Hg Ar 60.0 8 Th Ar 60.0 6604 3000 85 3145 3957 0 Hg Ar 60.0 6 Th Ar 60.0 7 Hg Ar 3341 is

24% from left605 3000 86 3183 3992 0 Hg Ar 60.0 6 Th Ar 60.0 7 Hg Ar 3341 is

20% from left606 3000 87 3221 4027 0 Hg Ar 60.0 6 Th Ar 60.0 8607 3000 88 3259 4062 1 Hg Ar 23.0 7608 3000 89 3297 4096 2 Hg Ar 23.0 8609 3000 90 3335 4130 2 Hg Ar 23.0 8610 3000 91 3372 4164 1 Th Ar 60.0 11611 3000 92 3410 4198 0 Th Ar 60.0 10 Th Ar 3544 is

17% from left612 3000 93 3447 4232 1 Th Ar 60.0 10613 3000 94 3484 4265 1 Th Ar 60.0 11614 3000 95 3521 4298 1 Th Ar 60.0 12615 3000 96 3558 4332 1 Th Ar 60.0 13616 3000 97 3595 4364 1 Hg Ar 11.6 8617 3000 98 3631 4397 2 Hg Ar 11.6 8618 3000 99 3668 4430 3 Cu Ar 50.5 25619 3000 100 3704 4462 2 Cu Ar 50.5 26620 3000 101 3740 4494 2 Cu Ar 50.5 27621 3000 102 3776 4526 2 Cu Ar 50.5 27622 3000 103 3811 4558 3 Cu Ar 50.5 28623 3000 104 3847 4590 4 Cu Ar 50.5 30624 3000 105 3882 4621 4 Cu Ar 50.5 30625 3000 106 3918 4652 3 Cu Ar 50.5 31626 3000 107 3953 4683 2 Cu Ar 50.5 32627 3000 108 3988 4714 3 Cu Ar 50.5 33628 3000 109 4022 4745 3 Cu Ar 50.5 32629 3000 110 4057 4775 4 Cu Ar 50.5 30630 3000 111 4091 4805 4 Cu Ar 50.5 29631 3000 112 4126 4835 3 Cu Ar 50.5 29632 3000 113 4160 4865 3 Cu Ar 50.5 28633 3000 114 4193 4894 3 Cu Ar 50.5 27634 3000 115 4227 4924 2 Cu Ar 59.6 26635 3000 116 4261 4953 2 Cu Ar 59.6 24636 3000 117 4294 4982 3 Cu Ar 59.6 25

9


ID Grating Station λ0 λ1 OK Lamp1 Exp Lines Lamp2 Exp Lines Comment637 3000 118 4327 5011 3 Cu Ar 59.6 23638 3000 119 4360 5039 3 Cu Ar 59.6 22639 3000 120 4393 5067 2 Cu Ar 59.6 22640 3000 121 4425 5095 3 Cu Ar 59.6 21641 3000 122 4458 5123 3 Cu Ar 59.6 20642 3000 123 4490 5151 2 Cu Ar 59.6 19643 3000 124 4522 5178 2 Cu Ar 59.6 19644 3000 125 4554 5206 2 Cu Ar 59.6 19645 3000 126 4585 5232 3 Cu Ar 59.6 17646 3000 127 4617 5259 2 Cu Ar 59.6 15647 3000 128 4648 5286 2 Cu Ar 59.6 13648 3000 129 4679 5312 1 Th Ar 60.0 11649 3000 130 4710 5338 0 Th Ar 60.0 10 Th Ar 5231 is

17% from right650 3000 131 4741 5364 1 Th Ar 60.0 9651 3000 132 4771 5390 1 Th Ar 60.0 8

Table 4G. Multiplexed Grating Spectroscopy Configurations

ID Filter λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines1 PI04349 4296 4376 2 Cu Ar 60.0 52 PI04412 4380 4476 0 Cu Ar 60.0 23 PI04478 4421 4507 0 Th Ar 60.0 34 PI04530 4483 4581 2 Cu Ar 60.0 45 PI04600 4550 4660 2 Cu Ar 60.0 76 PI04670 4629 4721 1 Th Ar 60.0 37 PI04760 4685 4798 3 Cu Ar 59.6 38 PI04820 4791 4897 2 Cu Ar 60.0 39 PI04912 4846 4948 1 Cu Ar 60.0 3

10 PI04991 4953 5063 1 Cu Ar 60.0 311 PI05072 5000 5110 0 Cu Ar 60.0 212 PI05152 5101 5219 1 Ar 60.0 413 PI05237 5161 5280 0 Ar 60.0 314 PI05325 5289 5420 0 Xe 60.0 115 PI05420 5348 5476 0 Ar 60.0 216 PI05520 5476 5613 2 Ar 60.0 417 PI05632 5548 5682 2 Ar 60.0 418 PI05731 5658 5795 0 Th Ar 60.0 219 PI05834 5743 5887 0 Ar 60.0 320 PI05946 5894 6051 1 Th Ar 60.0 321 PI06062 5969 6117 1 Th Ar 60.0 322 PI06179 6103 6263 1 Ne 2.0 423 PI06300 6201 6360 1 Ne 1.8 424 PI06418 6348 6504 2 Cu Ar 60.0 325 PI06536 6437 6593 0 Xe 60.0 3

10


ID Filter λ0 λ1 OK Lamp Exp Lines26 PI06647 6575 6730 3 Ne 1.3 427 PI06765 6661 6828 3 Xe 60.0 328 PI06894 6824 6997 3 Ar 10.0 429 PI07021 6918 7080 1 Th Ar 55.8 630 PI07131 7056 7207 0 Th Ar 60.0 431 PI07253 7138 7322 2 Ar 27.1 332 PI07400 7316 7526 2 Ar 60.0 633 PI07556 7432 7634 0 Ne 2.0 534 PI07692 7604 7788 0 Ar 60.0 135 PI07832 7703 7911 0 Th Ar 60.0 336 PI07999 7892 8127 0 Ne 44.5 337 PI08175 8037 8262 0 Ne 40.8 338 PI08350 8210 8514 1 Ne 4.5 739 PI08535 8423 8669 2 Ne 7.5 740 PI08730 8630 8914 1 Xe 2.0 5

4 Comparison with PV Arcs

To determine what improvement is likely to be gained by using the suggested optimal arcs, asurvey was made of the arc lamps used during Performance Verification. There are 1801 arcsobtained in 95 normal grating spectroscopyconfigurations in this survey. Where morethan one lamp was used for a particularconfiguration, the most frequent choice wasused (typically, this was on the order of 75%of the time). Figure 2 shows in blue thenumber of PV configurations where eachlamp would be used optimally (from Table4A-F). In green is the number ofconfigurations where that optimal lamp wasactually used in PV. In red is the number ofconfigurations where that lamp was used inPV in an non-optimal situation. In general, theoptimal lamp was used in about 1/3 of the configurations. It is true that some non-optimalchoices were "OK", in having lines in all four areas of the spectrum, though not distributed aswell as in the optimal lamps. But even accounting for these, an "OK" lamp was used only 40%of the time. Most of the rest of the choices had lines missing in one of the four areas. Weconclude that there is a substantial gain to be made by adopting this list of optimal arcs.

Figure 2. Non-optimal lamp choices in PV

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Appendices: Lamp Line ID's

A. Ar Lamp. Dashed: second order

3894.660

4158.591

4181.884

4259.362

4300.101

4363.795

4510.733

4522.3234596.097

4628.441

4702.316

5118.2025151.391

5221.271

5421.352

5495.874

5558.702

5572.5415606.733

5650.704

5739.520

5802.0805834.263

5860.310

5888.584

5912.085

6013.678

6032.127

6043.223

6145.441

0.0E+00

1.0E+07

2.0E+07

3.0E+07

3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Ar 900 l/mm 24.25 deg6369.575

6604.853 6677.282

6752.834

6827.249

6871.289

6937.664

7030.251

7107.478

7125.82

7147.042

7206.98

7272.936

7353.293

7372.118

7383.981

7435.368

7503.869

7514.652

8667.944

7669.36

7789.32

8317.18

8363.77

8502.37

8518.72

8532.57

8544.34

8600.20

8727.59

9021.47

0.0E+00

5.0E+07

1.0E+08

1.5E+08

2.0E+08

6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500

Ar 900 l/mm 40 deg

12


Wavelength Intensity

4158.591 31969

4181.884 5618

4251.190 11792

4300.101 9651

4363.795 385

4510.733 5970

4522.323 2068

4596.097 2663

4628.441 1592

4702.316 2990

5118.202 1083

5151.391 2193

5162.285 5501

5187.746 5464

5221.271 5739

5421.352 2345

5451.652 4508

5495.874 12103

5558.702 10027

5572.541 4724


5606.733 9457

5650.704 4767

5739.520 2884

5802.080 903

5834.263 1513

5860.310 1404

5888.584 7138

5912.085 4983

6013.678 828

6032.127 20938

6043.223 8203

6145.441 2606

6369.575 752

6416.307 9885

6538.112 1743

6604.853 1085

6677.282 10895

6752.834 15445

6827.249 727


6871.289 14569

6937.664 7341

6965.431 100000

7030.251 13981

7107.478 2518

7125.820 1568

7147.042 36833

7206.980 1760

7272.936 22926

7353.293 2835

7372.118 273

7383.981 5617

7435.368 22

7503.869 1507

7514.652 1003

7635.106 2273

8667.944 6073

Table A1. Ar Line Intensities

13


B. Ne Lamp

5852.488

5881.895

5944.834

5965.471

6029.997

6074.338

6128.450

6143.063

6163.594

6217.281

6266.495

6304.789

6334.428

6382.991

6402.248

6506.528

6532.882

6598.953

6678.277

6717.043

6929.467

7032.413

7059.108

7173.938

7245.167

7472.438

7488.871

7535.774

7943.181

8082.458

8118.550

8136.406

8266.077

8300.325

8365.746

8377.607

8418.427

8463.357

8495.359

8544.6958571.354

8591.2588634.647

8654.383

8704.112

8853.867

8919.501

8988.556

9148.672

9201.759

9275.519

9300.853

9326.507

0.0E+00

4.0E+05

8.0E+05

4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Ne 300 l/mm 10 deg

6074.338

6128.450

6143.063

6163.594 6217.281

6266.495

6304.789

6334.428

6382.991

6402.248

6506.528

6532.882

6598.953

6652.093

6678.277

6717.043

6929.467

7032.413

7173.938

7245.167

7438.898

7472.438

7488.871

7535.774

7544.044

8136.406

8300.325

8377.607

8418.427

8463.357

0.0E+00

4.0E+04

8.0E+04

1.2E+05

1.6E+05

2.0E+05

6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000

Ne 900 l/mm 40 deg

14



5852.488 12386

5881.895 8539

5944.834 15257

5965.471 92

6029.997 4652

6074.338 13396

6128.450 1230

6143.063 33330

6163.594 11344

6217.281 13705

6266.495 21747

6304.789 10226

6334.428 36235

6382.991 35824

6402.248 70163

6506.528 46165

6532.882 21413

6598.953 26396

6652.093 535

6678.277 51338


6717.043 36780

6929.467 55590

7032.413 100000

7059.108 839

7173.938 19713

7245.167 73545

7438.898 33715

7472.438 521

7488.871 5207

7535.774 4852

7544.044 2559

7943.181 651

8082.458 1484

8118.550 251

8136.406 1621

8266.077 537

8300.325 3531

8365.746 422

8377.607 14543

8418.427 2842


8463.357 378

8495.359 8765

8544.695 186

8571.354 233

8591.258 2935

8634.647 3059

8654.383 5458

8704.112 291

8853.867 1820

8919.501 447

8988.556 173

9148.672 529

9201.759 382

9275.519 35

9300.853 244

9326.507 213

Table B1. Ne Line Intensities

15


C. Xe Lamp

3693.490

3950.925

4078.8214109.709

4116.115

4193.530

4203.695

4383.909

4500.977

4524.681

4582.747

4624.276

4671.226

4690.971

4697.020

4734.152

4792.619

4807.019

4829.709

4843.294

4916.510 4923.152

5028.280

5392.800

5695.750

5823.890

5875.0205894.990

6198.260

6286.010

6318.060

6469.700

6487.760

6533.160

6595.560

0.0E+00

2.0E+05

4.0E+05

6.0E+05

8.0E+05

1.0E+06

3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Xe 900 l/mm 26.5 deg

6198.260

6318.06

0

6487

.760

6533.160

6595.560

6668.920

6728.010

6827.320

6872.110

6882.160

6925.530

6976.180

7119.600

7386.0007393.790

7584.680

7802

.650

7887.400

7967.340

8029.670

8576.010

8648.540

8739

.390

8758.200

8908.730

8930.830

8987.570

0.E+00

1.E+06

2.E+06

3.E+06

4.E+06

5.E+06

6.E+06

6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500

Xe 900 l/mm 40 deg

16



3693.483 5

3950.675 19

4078.818 17

4109.772 13

4116.065 15

4193.424 34

4203.981 15

4384.464 24

4501.038 179

4524.616 100

4582.793 61

4624.232 561

4671.150 1113

4690.976 52

4696.953 169

4734.050 292

4792.546 40

4806.936 289

4829.625 214

4843.376 187

4916.445 212

4922.913 227

5028.143 48

5393.067 21


5696.225 26

5823.979 65

5874.877 41

5894.553 52

6198.630 51

6285.775 28

6317.855 155

6470.177 163

6487.633 75

6533.028 53

6595.515 100

6668.920 255

6728.010 343

6827.320 373

6872.109 270

6882.160 695

6925.530 90

6976.180 172

7119.600 1398

7386.000 345

7393.790 460

7584.680 1071

7802.650 390

7887.400 1562


7967.340 1863

8029.670 237

8206.336 2389

8231.634 277559

8280.116 100000

8346.822 7742

8409.189 14429

8576.010 342

8648.540 853

8739.381 2016

8758.200 647

8819.411 473715

8908.730 1499

8930.830 1882

8952.251 54820

8987.570 923

9045.447 91272

9162.652 99038

9445.340 1449

9513.377 4192

9685.320 1278

9718.160 1120

Table C1. Xe Line Intensities

17


D. CuAr Lamp

3765.2703850.581 3868.528 3891.979

3994.792 4013.8574033.8094044.4184052.9214072.385 4103.9124131.7244158.591 4181.8844191.0294199.889 4228.158 4237.2204259.362

4300.101 4309.2394333.5614348.0644370.753 4400.986

4448.8794481.8114510.733

4545.052 4563.7434579.3504589.8984609.567 4628.4414637.2334657.9014726.868

4764.8654806.021

4847.8104879.8644965.080

5017.1635062.037

5162.2855187.746

5495.874 5506.1135558.702 5572.541

5606.7335650.704

5834.2635888.5845912.085 5928.813

6032.127 6043.2236114.923 6145.441

6296.8726307.6576384.7176416.307

6466.553

5.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.5E+06

2.0E+06 3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

CuAr900l/mm

27.25deg

18



3765.270 2045

3850.581 3370

3868.528 2684

3891.979 1442

3994.792 3487

4013.857 2537

4033.809 3329

4044.418 16221

4052.921 10333

4072.385 21838

4103.912 9710

4131.724 25819

4158.591 66759

4181.884 11759

4191.029 24660

4199.889 100000

4228.158 11031

4237.220 7639

4259.362 48698

4300.101 21403

4309.239 6060

4333.561 38308

4348.064 38962

4370.753 27206


4400.986 13932

4448.879 4651

4481.811 19493

4510.733 25671

4545.052 58761

4563.743 1140

4579.350 29023

4589.898 36982

4609.567 60986

4628.441 1740

4637.233 3290

4657.901 45238

4702.316 5150

4726.868 37880

4764.865 84724

4806.021 30171

4847.810 13793

4879.864 57234

4933.209 4771

4965.080 24259

5017.163 12590

5062.037 8034

5162.285 9582

5187.746 11782


5495.874 18262

5506.113 4346

5558.702 18239

5572.541 7820

5606.733 21275

5650.704 9440

5739.520 5697

5834.263 4064

5860.310 4778

5888.584 13812

5912.085 23349

5928.813 9707

6032.127 36256

6043.223 14727

6059.373 6677

6114.923 9941

6145.441 3987

6296.872 3543

6307.657 3813

6384.717 5693

6416.307 22457

6466.553 2089

Table D1. CuAr Line Intensities

19


E. ThAr Lamp

3383.107

3559.508

3765.270

3803.075

3828.385

3850.580

3948.030

4019.129

4043.390

4072.005

4158.591

4259.360

4277.530

4300.100

4332.340

4348.064

4370.750

4400.990

4481.810

4493.334

4510.730

4545.052

4579.830 4589.898 4609.567

4657.901

4673.661

4703.360

4726.868

4764.865

4806.021

4847.810

4879.864

4965.080

5017.163

5143.270

5231.160

5343.581

5573.354

5587.026

5720.183

5760.551

5804.141

5912.090

5973.665

6032.127

6114.920

6169.822

0.0E+00

1.0E+06

2.0E+06

3.0E+06

3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500

ThAr 900 l/mm 24.25 deg

6114.920

6172.280

6182.622

6203.493

6342.860

6384.720

6415.540

6457.280

6531.340 6604.850

6643.700

6662.270

6677.280

6684.290

6753.660

6779.320

6871.290

6911.230 6937.660

6943.610

6965.430

6989.660

7018.570

7030.250

7107

.480

7125.820

7147.040

7168.900

7206.980

7272.940

7353.290

7372.120

7435.370

7471.160

7484.330

7635.110

7816.1507847.540

7891.080

7978.970

8053.310

8330.450

8445.490

8478.360

8521.440

8605.7808620.460

8667.940

0.E+00

2.E+05

4.E+05

6.E+05

8.E+05

6000 7000 8000 9000

ThAr 900 l/mm 40 deg

20



3383.107 25

3559.508 23

3765.270 66

3803.075 53

3828.385 78

3850.580 68

3948.030 239

4019.129 129

4043.390 296

4072.005 508

4158.591 704

4259.360 522

4277.530 1141

4300.100 254

4332.340 516

4348.064 810

4370.750 513

4400.990 265

4426.001 508

4481.810 347

4493.334 205

4510.730 217

4545.052 1013

4579.830 469

4589.898 703


4657.901 826

4673.661 114

4703.675 192

4726.868 768

4735.906 376

4764.865 1504

4806.021 676

4847.810 315

4879.864 1137

4965.080 479

5017.163 294

5143.270 288

5231.160 194

5343.581 127

5573.354 232

5587.026 230

5720.183 496

5760.551 912

5804.141 298

5912.090 332

5973.665 329

6032.127 569

6114.920 351

6169.822 630

6172.280 425


6203.493 273

6342.860 184

6384.720 193

6411.900 709

6415.540 544

6457.280 464

6531.340 265

6604.850 180

6643.700 249

6662.270 304

6677.280 739

6779.320 89

6684.290 200

6753.660 1050

6779.320 143

6871.290 1056

6911.230 573

6937.660 529

6943.610 227

6965.430 26890

6989.660 407

7018.570 197

7030.250 898

7107.480 100


7147.040 3707

7168.900 502

7206.980 617

7272.940 8640

7353.290 705

7372.120 1719

7435.370 643

7471.160 462

7484.330 663

7635.110 100000

7816.150 212

7847.540 273

7891.080 528

7978.970 743

8053.310 578

8330.450 319

8445.490 494

8478.360 312

8521.440 30978

8605.780 266

8620.460 220

8667.940 8423

Table E1. ThAr Line Intensities

21


F. HgAr Lamp


3125.670 142

3131.550 204

3341.480 113

3650.150 14556

3654.840 3503

3663.280 2750

3901.870 119

3906.370 132

4046.560 43534


4077.830 3895

4358.330 86268

4916.070 207

5460.740 100000

5769.600 22133

5790.660 23296

6072.720 13

Table F1. HgAr Line Intensities

3125.670

3131.550

3341.480

3650

.150

3654.840

3663.280

3901.870

3906.370

4046

.560

4077.830

4358.330

4916.070

5460

.740

5769.600

5790.660

6072.720

0.E+00

1.E+04

2.E+04

3.E+04

4.E+04

5.E+04

6.E+04

7.E+04

3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500

HgAr 900 l/mm 24.25 deg

22

standard arc lamp calibration setups for rss grating ......arc setups for rss grating spectroscopy...

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