Standard 8.42 Lesson, PrimaryDocuments and Study Island

Say Thanks to the AuthorsClick http://www.ck12.org/saythanks

(No sign in required)

To access a customizable version of this book, as well as otherinteractive content, visit www.ck12.org

CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission toreduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both inthe U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-source, collaborative, andweb-based compilation model, CK-12 pioneers and promotes thecreation and distribution of high-quality, adaptive online textbooksthat can be mixed, modified and printed (i.e., the FlexBook®textbooks).

Copyright © 2015 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org

The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and theterms “FlexBook®” and “FlexBook Platform®” (collectively“CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12Foundation and are protected by federal, state, and internationallaws.

Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium,in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution linkhttp://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) inaddition to the following terms.

Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordancewith the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 3.0Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Com-mons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporatedherein by this reference.

Complete terms can be found at http://www.ck12.org/about/terms-of-use.

Printed: November 19, 2015

www.ck12.org Chapter 1. Standard 8.42 Lesson, Primary Documents and Study Island

CHAPTER 1 Standard 8.42 Lesson,Primary Documents and Study Island

8.42 Analyze the impact of the Lewis and Clark Expedition by identifying the routes on a map, citing evidencefrom their journals. (C,E,G,H)

***EXTENDED RESPONSE LESSON

The Lewis and Clark Expedition by Brain Pop. Brain Pop is provided by TCS students and teachers byTullahoma City Schools.

https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistoricalfigures/lewisandclark/

Exploration: Lewis and Clark

( Pictured Above: Originally named the Corps of Discovery, the 1803 expedition led by Lewis and Clark came incontact with people and places never before seen, and returned with stories that Americans in the East could hardlybelieve. On this map, the outbound leg of the expedition is red and the inbound route is blue.)

FIGURE 1.1

The Lewis and Clark Expedition

1

www.ck12.org

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUtnlh26aOY

Even before Jefferson had completed the Louisiana Purchase, he had begun to make plans for a bold journey toexplore the vast interior of North America that remained completely unknown to American citizens. That plan tookon new importance once the United States had acquired the huge new territory from France.

FIGURE 1.2

Meriwether Lewis

http://www.biography.com/people/meriwether-lewis-9381267#awesm=~oFiWphTyg3tc5e

William Clark

http://www.biography.com/people/william-clark-9542620#awesm=~oFiWI9myhB3feA

2

www.ck12.org Chapter 1. Standard 8.42 Lesson, Primary Documents and Study Island

Lewis and Clark

http://www.biography.com/people/groups/lewis-and-clark

Sacagawea

http://www.biography.com/people/sacagawea-9468731#awesm=~oFiWY32O52Hm73

Mr. Nussbaum’s collection of information for Lewis and Clark

http://mrnussbaum.com/lcflash/

In May 1804, a group of 50 Americans led by MERIWETHER LEWIS , Jefferson’s personal secretary, and WILLIAMCLARK , an army officer, headed northwest along the Missouri River from St. Louis. Their varied instructionsreveal the multiple goals that Jefferson hoped the expedition could accomplish. While trying to find a route acrossthe continent, they were also expected to make detailed observations of the natural resources and geography ofthe west. Furthermore, they were to establish good relations with native groups in an attempt to disrupt Britishdominance of the lucrative Indian fur trade of the continental interior.

( Pictured Above: In mid-October, 1805 William Clark entered into his elkskin-bound diary — a map of theColumbia River. One of the purposes of the expedition, which was not realized, was to find a water route across theentire United States.)

Lewis and Clark Journals

http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/

FIGURE 1.3

3

www.ck12.org

FIGURE 1.4

By mid-October 1804, the LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION reached the MANDAN villages on the banks ofthe upper Missouri River in present-day NORTH DAKOTA . Here they found several large, successful settlementswith an overall population of about 5,000 people. The Mandan villages were an important trade center that broughttogether many different native groups as well as a handful of multilingual Frenchmen. The expedition chose to spendthe winter in this attractive location and it proved to be a crucial decision for the success of their journey.

During the winter they established good relations with the Mandans and received a great deal of information aboutthe best route for heading west to the Pacific Ocean. The expedition also hired several of the Frenchmen who livedamong the Mandans to serve as guides and translators. Along with them came a fifteen-year-old SHOSHONE namedSACAJAWEA who was married to one of the Frenchmen. Her knowledge of the west and language skills played animportant role in the success of the expedition. Additionally, the presence of Sacajawea and her baby helped assureother Indian groups encountered further west that this could not be a war party.

FIGURE 1.5

The True Story of Sacajawea

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnT0k9wdDZo

( Pictured Above: This painting by Olaf Seltzer, called Lewis’ First Glimpse of the Rockies , illustrates a remarkablemoment in the famous journey to the Pacific.)

FIGURE 1.6

4

www.ck12.org Chapter 1. Standard 8.42 Lesson, Primary Documents and Study Island

Lewis and Clark

http://www.ducksters.com/biography/explorers/lewis_and_clark.php

FIGURE 1.7

FIGURE 1.8

From the Mandan villages the now enlarged expedition headed west to cross the Rockies, the highest mountainrange in North America. By the winter of 1805 they had reached the Pacific Ocean via the COLUMBIA RIVER ,becoming the first U.S. citizens to succeed in a trans-continental crossing north of Mexico. They were not, however,the first whites to accomplish this feat since Alexander MacKenzie had done so for a British-Canadian fur-tradingcompany in 1793. Nevertheless, the Columbia River proved a much easier route than the one Mackenzie had takena decade earlier. When the long overdue expedition finally returned to St. Louis in September 1806, they werecelebrated as heroes who had accomplished an extraordinary feat.

The expedition combined several qualities from scientific and military to trade and diplomatic, but the underlyingmotivation was prompted by Thomas Jefferson’s widely shared belief that the future prosperity of the republicrequired the expansion of yeoman farmers in the west. This noble dream for what Jefferson called an "Empire ofLiberty" also had harsh consequences. For instance, Fort Clark was soon established at the Mandan villages. At firstit provided the Mandans with a useful alternative to trading with the British and also offered military support from

5

www.ck12.org

their traditional native enemies the Sioux.

( Pictured Above: During his travels across the continent with William Clark and the Corps of Discovery,Meriwether Lewis fell 20 feet into a cavern, got poisoned and was shot in the thigh. In this engraving, An Americanhaving struck a Bear but not kill’d him escapes into a Tree , the American was none other than Meriwether Lewis.)

However, Americans at the fort unwittingly brought new diseases to the area that decimated the local native popula-tion. Where the Mandans had a thriving and sophisticated trading center when Lewis and Clark arrived in 1804, bythe late 1830s their total population had been reduced to less than 150. The nation’s growth combined tragedy andtriumph at every turn.

( Pictured Above: Map of Lewis and Clark Expedition)

Here is a link to Lewis and Clark journals:

http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/

Additional Resources:

6

www.ck12.org Chapter 1. Standard 8.42 Lesson, Primary Documents and Study Island

FIGURE 1.9Lewis and Clark Nickel - Getty Images

http://geography.about.com/od/historyofgeography/a/lewisclark.htm

http://www.lewis-clark.org/home

http://lewisclark.net/

FIGURE 1.10Go West Across America With Lewis &Clark

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/west/main.html

FIGURE 1.11

You are ready for Section 5 Study island. Go to www.studyisland.com and complete the following:

5a. Tennessee Statehood

5b. Jefferson’s Presidency

7

www.ck12.org

Primary Documents and Supporting Texts to Read:

excerpts from the journals of Lewis and Clark

excerpts from decision in Marbury vs. Madison - John Marshall

excerpts from John Marshall’s decisions in Gibbons v. Ogden

excerpts from McCulloch v. Maryland

excerpts from "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" - Washington Irving

excerpts from The Deerslayer series - James Fenimore Cooper

8