Standard 2 – Exam Review

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The Chemistry

Of Life

Macromolecules

& Transport

Cell Structure

& FunctionMetabolism

Cell Growth& Division

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Final Jeopardy

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• What are 4 common elements found in a cell?

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• What are 4 common elements found in a cell?

• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Phosphorus• Sulfur

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■ A water molecule is held together by a _________ bond while many water molecules are held together by _________ bonds

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■ A water molecule is held together by a _________ bond while many water molecules are held together by _________ bonds

■ Covalent Bond■ Hydrogen Bond

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■ List one property of water and describe its importance to life on earth

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■ List one property of water and describe its importance to life on earth

■ Ice density – allows ice to float, keeping aquatic systems alive

■ Specific heat – maintains homeostasis in cells

■ Adhesion/Cohesion – capillary action moves water up through plants

■ Surface tension – animals can stand on water

■ Solvent – water is able to dissolve many polar substances

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■ A biology class measured the pH of different solutions during an investigation. The data are recorded below. Which solution was the most basic?– Lemon juice: 2.5– Water: 6.3– Saltwater: 8.3– Soap: 10.0

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■ A biology class measured the pH of different solutions during an investigation. The data are recorded below. Which solution was the most basic?– Lemon juice: 2.5– Water: 6.3– Saltwater: 8.3– Soap: 10.0

■ Soap with a pH of 10.0

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■ Enzymes are biological __________ that ___________ the rate of chemical reactions

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■ Enzymes are biological __________ that ___________ the rate of chemical reactions

■ Catalysts■ Speed up

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■ Identify 2 different macromolecules and describe the function of each in the cell.

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■ Identify 2 different macromolecules and describe the function of each in the cell.

■ Carbohydrates – quick energy■ Proteins – enzymes, structural support■ Lipids – cell membrane, stored energy■ Nucleic Acids – contain genetic information

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■ This is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane

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■ This is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane

■ Osmosis

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■ List TWO macromolecules and identify a specific monomer and polymer associated with each

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■ List TWO macromolecules and identify a specific monomer and polymer associated with each

■ Carbohydrate- monosaccharide, glucose, fructose → starch, glycogen, chitin, cellulose

■ Lipid- triglyceride, phospholipid → cell membrane, fats, oils

■ Protein- amino acid → protein, enzyme, polypeptide

■ Nucleic Acid- nucleotide → DNA, RNA

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■ Proteins and other large molecules are brought into the cell by a type of active transport called

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■ Proteins and other large molecules are brought into the cell by a type of active transport called

■ Endocytosis

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■ True / False: Facilitated transport requires energy in the form of ATP

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■ True / False: Facilitated diffusion requires energy in the form of ATP

■ FALSE

■ Identify TWO things that all cells have.

■ Identify TWO things that all cells have.

■ Cell membrane■ DNA■ Ribosomes■ Cytoplasm■ Cytoskeleton

■ What organelle synthesizes proteins?

■ What organelle synthesizes proteins?

■ Ribosomes

■ What organelle folds, packages, and transports proteins?

■ What organelle folds, packages, and transports proteins?

■ Golgi Apparatus

■ What organelle provides usable energy for the cell?

■ What organelle provides usable energy for the cell?

■ Mitochondria■ Chloroplasts

■ All eukaryotic cells contain two main parts, they are the nucleus and the ____________.

■ All eukaryotic cells contain two main parts, they are the nucleus and the ____________.

■ Cytoplasm

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■ Plants, algae, and some bacteria are able to produce their own food from inorganic compounds which makes them all _____________.

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■ Plants, algae, and some bacteria are able to produce their own food from inorganic compounds which makes them all _____________.

■ Autotrophs

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■ What reactants are needed during cellular respiration?

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■ What reactants are needed during cellular respiration?

■ Glucose and Oxygen

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■ What specialized pigment is found within they thylakoids of chloroplasts and is able to absorb light energy to use during photosynthesis?

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■ What specialized pigment is found within they thylakoids of chloroplasts and is able to absorb light energy to use during photosynthesis?

■ Chlorophyll

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■ Fermentation is an ___________ process and produces __________ in humans.

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■ Fermentation is an ___________ process and produces __________ in humans.

■ Anaerobic■ Lactic Acid

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■ Draw on the board

5 - $100■ What phase do the chromosomes line up

along the middle of the cell?

5 - $100■ What phase do the chromosomes line up

along the middle of the cell?

■ Metaphase

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■ Interphase → Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase → Cytokinesis

5 - $300■ If a cell in G1 phase has 5 chromosomes

and then goes through S phase (DNA synthesis) how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis and cytokinesis?

5 - $300■ If a cell in G1 phase has 5 chromosomes

and then goes through S phase (DNA synthesis) how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis and cytokinesis?

■ 5 chromosomes

5 - $400■ During S phase chromosomes are copied

and sister _____________ are produced. These are held together at the _____________.

5 - $400■ During S phase chromosomes are copied

and sister _____________ are produced. These are held together at the _____________.

■ Chromatids■ Centromere

5 - $500■ The cell cycle describes the life activities

of a cell. Which of the following describes the cycle of a typical cell?A. Resting stage → mitosisB. Mitosis → resting stage → reduction stageC. Growth → preparation for mitosis → mitosisD. Cell formation → growth → resting stage →

mitosis

5 - $500■ The cell cycle describes the life activities

of a cell. Which of the following describes the cycle of a typical cell?A. Resting stage → mitosisB. Mitosis → resting stage → reduction stageC. Growth → preparation for mitosis → mitosisD. Cell formation → growth → resting stage →

mitosis■ C – Growth → preparation for mitosis →

mitosis

Final Jeopardy

■ How can you differentiate between a bacteria, animal, and plant cell?

Final Jeopardy

■ How can you differentiate between a bacteria, animal, and plant cell?

■ Bacteria cell- cell wall, no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles

■ Animal cell- no cell wall, nucleus, no chloroplasts

■ Plant cell- cell wall, nucleus, chloroplasts, central vacuole