stalking the cosmic 3he abundance
DESCRIPTION
Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance. Dana S. Balser (National Radio Astronomy Observatory) Robert T. Rood (University of Virginia) T. M. Bania (Boston University) W. M. Goss (National Radio Astronomy Observatory) Cintia Quireza (Observatorio Nacional) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
3He Experiment
Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance
Dana S. Balser (National Radio Astronomy Observatory)
Robert T. Rood (University of Virginia)T. M. Bania (Boston University)
W. M. Goss (National Radio Astronomy Observatory)Cintia Quireza (Observatorio Nacional)T. L. Wilson (European Southern Observatory)
![Page 2: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
3He Experiment
Primordial Nucleosynthesis
Burles et al. (2001)
![Page 3: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3He Experiment
4He: Observations (optical recombination lines)
Izotov et al. (1999)
Metal poor blue compact galaxies
![Page 4: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3He Experiment
4He: Results
Olive & Skillman (2004) Peimbert & Peimbert (2002)
Yp [mass] Reference
0.2421 (0.0021) Izotov & Thuan (2004)0.249 (0.009) Olive & Skillman (2004)0.2371 (0.0015) Peimbert & Peimbert (2002)
![Page 5: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3He Experiment
7Li: Observations (resonance line)
Boesgaard et al. (2005)
Metal poor Halo stars
![Page 6: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
3He Experiment
7Li: Results (The Spite Plateau)
Ryan et al. (2000)
Log(7Li/H) + 12 Reference
2.09 (+0.19,-0.13) Ryan et al. (2000)2.37 (0.1) Melendez & Ramirez (2004)2.44 (0.18) Boesgaard et al. (2005)
![Page 7: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3He Experiment
Deuterium: Observations (Lyman series)
Kirkman et al. (2003)O’Meara et al. (2001)
Q1243+3047 HS 0105+1619
![Page 8: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3He Experiment
Deuterium: Results
Kirkman et al. (2003)Steigman (2005)
10 2.78 D/H -50.440.38-
![Page 9: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
3He Experiment
3He: Stellar Evolution
Daniele Galli
“… the present interstellar3He is more of stellar thanprimordial origin”
Rood, Steigman, & Tinsley (1976)
K10x7TBeHeHe
nDestructiop2HeHeHe
K10x6THeHH
oductionPreH H H
6743
433
5312
211
![Page 10: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3He Experiment
3He: Galactic Evolution
Steigman & Tosi (1992)
The 3He survival fraction
![Page 11: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3He Experiment
3He: Observations
![Page 12: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3He Experiment
3He+ Hyperfine Line
102/12 FS
F=0 Singlet
F=1 Triplet
N=3
N=2
N=1
)years300,16(s10x950.1A
)cm46.3(MHz65.8665112
01
01
![Page 13: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3He Experiment
NRAO 140 Foot Telescope (HII Regions)
Galactic HII Regions (1982 – 1999) (~50)
Orion nebula (M42)Eagle nebula (M16)Rosette nebulaW49S209G0.60+0.32
HPBW = 3.5 arcmin
![Page 14: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3He Experiment
M16 (Eagle Nebula)
Hester & Scowen
White et al. (1999)
NRAO Very Large ArrayHubble Space Telescope
![Page 15: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3He Experiment
HII Region 3He+ Spectra
Bania et al. (1997)
![Page 16: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
3He Experiment
HII Region 3He+ Spectra
Bania et al. (1997)
![Page 17: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
3He Experiment
HII Region Radio Recombination Line Spectra
Bania et al. (1997)
130133n H130
114116n H114
9192n H91
![Page 18: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
3He Experiment
HII Region Continuum
Balser et al. (1995)
NRAO Very Large ArrayMPIfR 100m Telescope
![Page 19: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
3He Experiment
HII Region Continuum
NRAO Very Large Array
![Page 20: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
3He Experiment
HII Region Models
Balser et al. (1999)
![Page 21: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
3He Experiment
MPIfR 100 meter Telescope (PNe)
Galactic Planetary Nebulae (1991 – 1995)
NGC 3242 (Ghost of Jupiter)NGC 6543 (Cat’s Eye)NGC 6720 (Ring)NGC 7009 (Saturn)NGC 7662 (Blue Snowball)
HPBW = 80 arcsec
![Page 22: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3He Experiment
NGC 3242 (Ghost of Jupiter)
Balick et al.
Hubble Space Telescope
![Page 23: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3He Experiment
NGC 6543 (Cat’s Eye)
Corradi & Tsvetanov
Hubble Space Telescope
![Page 24: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3He Experiment
PNe 3He+ Spectra
Balser et al. (1997)
Modeling of NGC 3242indicates a halo.
![Page 25: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
3He Experiment
Results: Abundance versus [O/H]
-53 10 1.5 He/H
-53 10 1.5 He/H
Bania, Rood & Balser (2002)-410 6.3 O/H
-53 10 1.5 He/H
![Page 26: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
3He Experiment
The 3He Problem
Daniele Galli
![Page 27: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
3He Experiment
Extra-mixing Process (low-mass stars < 2 Msun)
Charbonnel (1995)
96% of low-mass stars
Charbonnel & do Nascimento (1998)
“…meridional circulation drivenby internal rotation might lead tothe mixing of CNO-processedmaterial …of a red giant star.”
Sweigart & Mengel (1979)
standard
mixing
![Page 28: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
3He Experiment
No Mixing in NGC3242
Balser et al. (1999) Palla et al. (2002)
3He+ line at 8665 MHzC III] multiplet near 1908 A
38 CC/1312
-43 10 x 5-2 He/H
![Page 29: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
3He Experiment
12C/13C in Planetary Nebulae
Balser, McMullin, & Wilson (2002)
![Page 30: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3He Experiment
Results: Abundance versus Rgal
Bania, Rood & Balser (2002)
![Page 31: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
3He Experiment
Cosmic Microwave Background (WMAP)
10
0007.00009.0
2
102055.00965.6
0223.0
x
hb
Spergel et al. (2006)
![Page 32: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3He Experiment
Results: Primordial Abundances
Izotov & Thuan (2004)Peimbert & Peimbert (2002)Olive & Skillman (2004)
Kirkman et al. (2003)
Bania, Rood, & Balser (2002)
Ryan et al. (2003)Boesgaard et al. (2006)
Burles et al. (2001)Spergel et al. (2006)
![Page 33: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
3He Experiment
New Search for 3He in Planetary Nebulae
NRAO Very Large Array
NAIC Arecibo Telescope
NRAO Green Bank Telescope
![Page 34: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
3He Experiment
PNe Sample
possible as low as CC/
0.3- N/O][
125.0 He/H
1213
4
PNe progenitor stars with no extra mixing:
Peimbert Class: IIb, III, IV (old population)
Helium is singly ionized
![Page 35: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
3He Experiment
NRAO Very Large Array (PNe)
NGC 6572J320
![Page 36: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
3He Experiment
PNe Continuum Image
Balser et al. (2006)
![Page 37: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
3He Experiment
PNe Spectra: J320
Balser et al. (2006)
10 3.8 1.9 He/H -33
![Page 38: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
3He Experiment
PNe: J320
Balser et al. (2006)
Halo detected
![Page 39: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
3He Experiment
NRAO Green Bank Telescope 100 m (PNe)
![Page 40: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
3He Experiment
GBT Clear Aperture Optics
![Page 41: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
3He Experiment
HII Region S206: 140 Foot versus GBT
140 Foot March 1995 GBT June 2004
33.1 hr 3.2 hr
![Page 42: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
3He Experiment
GBT S209 HII Region: calibrated raw spectrum
14.5 hr integration
![Page 43: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
3He Experiment
GBT S209 HII Region
14.5 hr integration 5 km/s resolution
![Page 44: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
3He Experiment
NGC 7009: H91alpha (61.8 hr)
![Page 45: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
3He Experiment
NGC 7009: H114beta (62.1 hr)
![Page 46: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
3He Experiment
NGC 7009: H130gamma (62.1 hr)
![Page 47: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
3He Experiment
NGC 7009: H144delta (61.7 hr)
Reliability level of ~0.5 mK
![Page 48: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
3He Experiment
NGC 7009: 3He+ (62.1 hr)
![Page 49: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
3He Experiment
NGC 7009 + NGC 6543 + NGC 6826 (180.3 hr)
![Page 50: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
3He Experiment
Arecibo 305 m Telescope (PNe)
![Page 51: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
3He Experiment
Conclusions
• Detection of 3He in J320 with the VLA.
• Possible detection of 3He in NGC 7009 and NGC 6543 with the GBT.
• First epoch observations with Arecibo complete.
• Roughly 25% of PNe meet our selection criteria. To be consistent with chemical evolution models only 1/5 of these should show detectable 3He.
• It may be difficult to acquire enough telescope time to solidify these results.
• Observe a few select HII region to determine 3He gradient?
• The EVLA (10 times more sensitive than the VLA) has great potential.
• Magellanic Clouds using the Parkes 64m telescope is feasible.
![Page 52: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
3He Experiment
![Page 53: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
3He Experiment
Spectral Baseline Structure (NRAO 140 Foot)
Standing Waves
![Page 54: Stalking the Cosmic 3He Abundance](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020308/5681442c550346895db0c592/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
3He Experiment
Spectral Baseline Structure (GBT)