stalin's 5 year plan
TRANSCRIPT
5 Year Plans
Planned economy •State to control all resources•State to decide on production
Fear of attack from capitalist countries•industrial production still low•Russia still behind Britain & France in development
Russia not Communist as taught by Karl Marx•peasants owned lands, eg rich kulaks •NEP based on profit making
Industrialisation
develop heavy industries eg iron & steelproduce energy - coal, oil & electricity production
built communication lines - railways, canals
•Set up new industrial cities •built canals to link to ports•increased railway lines•develop mines•dams & power stations•massive building projects
Massive building projects, like this dam was part of the 5 year plan
Dnieper Dam 1932 - pride of the 5year Plan
Civilized life - productive workGustav Klutsis 1931
The message of this poster is directed to members of Komsomol, the communist youth organization. They have to set an example of civilized living and productive working.
Volunteers from youth organisations
1st Five Year Plans
35.4
7564
11.721.7 21.4
3.210 6.2
0
20
40
60
80
1927-8 target actual 1932
milli
ons o
f ton
s coal
oil
pig iron
How to support cost of industrialisation?Where to get labour for industrialisation?
How did Stalin increase production?
Punishment
loss of housinglabour camp
Reward
Better housingmore pay model workers - Stakhnovites
Targets were setall production had to meet targets
propaganda messages
Lebeshev, 1936We do like Stachanov!
Stachanov, a miner achieving incredibly high production figures, is held up as shining example for workers throughout the Soviet Union. Many years later, Soviet authorities admitted that Stachanov was assisted by a team of miners when he performed his heroic feats.
Lyubimov, 1931With shock labour we will ensure prompt delivery of the giants of the Five Year Plan
Workers have to speed up production in order to finish the large factories above in time.
What does the source tell you about the 5 Year plan?
Magnitogorsk - built during the 5 year Plan
Metropolitan Nikolav Dolggorukov 1931
In 1931, the Communist Party decides to the building a subway system in Moscow. The first line is opened for the public in 1935. On the poster, the chaos of traffic in the old center of Moscow in the photomontage left is contrasted with the spaciousness and efficiency in the large drawing.
Underground train station in Moscowas it is now
built during Stalin’s era
Sverdlosk in Urals
1933
1928
Collectivisation
•State to take over all farms•Pool small farms together•mechanize farming•decide what crops•all produce will be taken by State
•Sell farm produce abroad get capital for industrialisation
•with machines - less farm workers, more industrial workers
Effects of Collectivisation
Kulaks refusal to hand over farmsmass deportation of Kulaksdestruction of Kulaks
Farms mechanized less farm workers
Initially food production fell famine in 1932-33improved in late 1930s
Farm workers given health careeducation opportunities
No freedom of action
Crops sold abroadpeople get less
a collective farm in Ukrainepicture issued by government
Peasants admiring the first tractors
5 Year Plans : Success or Failure
Short Term effects
•few consumer goods•workers harshly treated•standard of living worsened
•Kulaks destroyed•famine 1932-33
Long Term effects
•Russia modernised•industrialised country•more powerful •communications improved•jobs for everyoneEconomy transformedState controlled all resources & people
Impact of 5 year plan - BENEFIT OR HARM?
By 1940, produced more iron & steel than Britain
3 new industrial centres built east of Ural Mts
increased energy production - dams & electrical plants
massive communications lines - roads, canals, railways
farming was mechanised - more efficient
Russia - modernised, strengthened
Unbalanced economy - emphasis on heavy industries, shortage of consumer goods
shortage of housing
high demands on workers - severe control & punishment
famine in 1932-33
agricultural production still low
elimination of kulaks
greater control - peasants not given internal passports
Impact of 5 year plan - BENEFIT OR HARM?
How Stalin controlled Russia
USE OF TERROR •purges•secret police •Court & police under Stalin’s control•press control •elimination of religion
PROPAGANDA•cult of Stalin•media reports•posters, banners•education•arts, theatre, films