Stalinist RussiaStalinist Russia

Stalin - the Stalin - the

““man of steelman of steel””

Struggle for powerStruggle for powerAfter After LeninLenin dies there is a struggle for control of dies there is a struggle for control of the the CommunistCommunist party, by party, by StalinStalin or Trotsky. The or Trotsky. The

“Man of Steel” put his “Man of Steel” put his supporterssupporters in power. in power.

By 1928, Stalin was in total command of By 1928, Stalin was in total command of the Communist Partythe Communist Party

““I am the man of I am the man of Steel! Steel!

Struggle for powerStruggle for power

Trotsky is forced in to exile, he Trotsky is forced in to exile, he ends up in South America.ends up in South America.

““You won Stalin, I’m outta hereYou won Stalin, I’m outta here

StalinStalin changes the U.S.S.R. changes the U.S.S.R.Lenin and Trotsky wanted a worldwide Lenin and Trotsky wanted a worldwide

CommunistCommunist Revolution Revolution

Stalin focused on Russian Stalin focused on Russian development, “Socialism for one development, “Socialism for one

country.”country.”

Stalin changes the U.S.S.R.Stalin changes the U.S.S.R.

Stalin transformed the Stalin transformed the Soviet Union into a Soviet Union into a totalitariantotalitarian state state

Stalin changes the U.S.S.R.Stalin changes the U.S.S.R.TotalitarianismTotalitarianism = a government = a government that has total, that has total, centralized control control over every aspect of public over every aspect of public and private life. and private life.

Other Totalitarian StatesOther Totalitarian States

As Stalin was As Stalin was forming the forming the

U.S.S.R., U.S.S.R., HitlerHitler and and MussoliniMussolini were were

beginning to shape beginning to shape their own their own

totalitarian Statestotalitarian States

Other Totalitarian StatesOther Totalitarian States

Later, Mao Later, Mao Zedong in China, Zedong in China, and Kim Il Sung and Kim Il Sung in North Korea in North Korea

will form will form totalitarian totalitarian

StatesStates

Stalin’s Economic PolicyStalin’s Economic PolicyLenin’ NEP included some aspects of Lenin’ NEP included some aspects of

capitalismcapitalism, Stalin’s , Stalin’s economiceconomic system was system was total total statestate control of all control of all economiceconomic

policies and production.policies and production.

Stalin’s Economic PolicyStalin’s Economic Policy

Command economy Command economy = a system in which the = a system in which the government makes all government makes all economiceconomic decisions. decisions.

Stalin identified the economic needs of Stalin identified the economic needs of Russia and decided how to meet themRussia and decided how to meet them..

Industrial Revolution in Industrial Revolution in RussiaRussia

Stalin realized that Russia was behind other Stalin realized that Russia was behind other developed nations in terms of developed nations in terms of industrialindustrial

productionproduction..

Stalin introduced the 1Stalin introduced the 1stst of many five year of many five year plans for the development of the Soviet plans for the development of the Soviet

economyeconomy..

Industrial Revolution in RussiaIndustrial Revolution in Russia

The 5 year plan set impossibly high quotas The 5 year plan set impossibly high quotas (numerical goals) to increase the production (numerical goals) to increase the production

of of steelsteel, coal, oil, and , coal, oil, and electricityelectricity..

To accomplish the quotas, consumer goods To accomplish the quotas, consumer goods were limited, causing a shortage in: food, were limited, causing a shortage in: food,

clothing, housing, and other necessary clothing, housing, and other necessary goods.goods.

Propaganda for the 5 year planPropaganda for the 5 year plan

Stalin controls the Stalin controls the workersworkers The government chose the The government chose the workersworkers, told , told

them where to them where to workwork, and how , and how longlong to work. to work.

Workers couldn’t move without permission.Workers couldn’t move without permission.

Stalin controls the workers Stalin controls the workers

Stalin’s 5 year plans were harsh on the Stalin’s 5 year plans were harsh on the workers, but were very workers, but were very effectiveeffective. Russia . Russia quickly improved and increased industrial quickly improved and increased industrial

production.production.

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural RevolutionStalin’s Stalin’s agriculturalagricultural plan was just a plan was just a

successful as his industrial plan, but far successful as his industrial plan, but far more more brutalbrutal..

His plan was based on His plan was based on collective farmscollective farms

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural RevolutionIn 1928, the government took over 25 million In 1928, the government took over 25 million privately owned farms and combined them privately owned farms and combined them

into large government controlled farms, Stalin into large government controlled farms, Stalin called them called them collective farmscollective farms..

Farmers vs. StalinFarmers vs. Stalin

Many farmers Many farmers resisted the resisted the collective collective farms.farms.

Farmers and Collective Farmers and Collective FarmsFarms

Many farmers Many farmers resistedresisted the the collective farms, they killed collective farms, they killed

livestock and destroyed crops in livestock and destroyed crops in protestprotest..

Farmers and Collective FarmsFarmers and Collective FarmsStalin responded by sending the secret Stalin responded by sending the secret police to force the peasants to work the police to force the peasants to work the

farms with bayonets. farms with bayonets.

Between 5-10 million peasants died, Between 5-10 million peasants died, millions were exiled to Siberia as millions were exiled to Siberia as

punishment.punishment.

Farmers and Collective FarmsFarmers and Collective Farms

The The kulakskulaks (wealthy peasants) fiercely (wealthy peasants) fiercely resisted Stalin, as a result, they were resisted Stalin, as a result, they were

executed or sent to executed or sent to workwork camps. camps.

Stalin’s Secret PoliceStalin’s Secret PoliceStalin used Stalin used violenceviolence and and terrorterror to control the to control the U.S.S.R., his means of U.S.S.R., his means of control was the secret control was the secret police.police.

Lavrenti Beria - Lavrenti Beria - head of the secret head of the secret

policepolice

Stalin used force Stalin used force and violence to and violence to crush any crush any opposition.opposition.

The secret police taped The secret police taped phone lines, read mail, used phone lines, read mail, used spies, even taught spies, even taught childrenchildren to spy on what their to spy on what their parentsparents said at home.said at home.

Stalin controls all of SocietyStalin controls all of Society

CensorshipCensorship effects: artists, effects: artists, newspapers, newspapers, movies, radiomovies, radio. .

Only Only pro-Stalinpro-Stalin views are allowedviews are allowed..

Stalin controls all of SocietyStalin controls all of Society

Religion is attacked: Stalin promotes Religion is attacked: Stalin promotes atheists. Police destroyed atheists. Police destroyed churcheschurches and and

the the clergyclergy was killed or sent to work was killed or sent to work camps. camps.

Stalin controls all of SocietyStalin controls all of Society

EducationEducation: : indoctrination of Communist indoctrination of Communist Party philosophy and creation of skilled Party philosophy and creation of skilled

workers.workers.

Stalinist PropagandaStalinist PropagandaAlways made Always made StalinStalin and and Russia look Russia look

goodgood..

Stalinist RussiaStalinist RussiaUsing violence, threats, and fear Using violence, threats, and fear StalinStalin

turned turned RussiaRussia from a backwards country to from a backwards country to an agricultural and an agricultural and industrialindustrial world power. world power.

Stalinist RussiaStalinist Russia

While the improvement in Russia While the improvement in Russia economically and militarily is undeniable, economically and militarily is undeniable,

the cost of human life to accomplish the cost of human life to accomplish Stalin’s goals is staggering.Stalin’s goals is staggering.

Stalinist RussiaStalinist Russia

Historians surmise that Stalin is Historians surmise that Stalin is responsible for the deaths of responsible for the deaths of 8 million8 million to to

13 million people13 million people..