stainless steel specs

7/25/2019 Stainless Steel Specs

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S T A I N L E S S

S T E E L F O R

S T R U C T U R A L

A P P L I C AT I O N S

D E S I G N E R

H A N D B O O K

StainlessSteel

TheValueOption

with Dire ctory of

Stainless Steel

Structural Producers


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................1

GENERAL INFORMATION ONSTAINLESS STEEL .................................................................................................. 2AlloysConditionProduct Forms

STAINLESS STEEL STRUCTURES..........................................................3FabricationConnections

CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT....................................................................4

FABRICATED COMPONENTS(Angles, I-Beams, Boxed Structures) ................................................5

ROLLED ANGLES ....................................................................................................6

EXTRUDED ANGLES ............................................................................................ 6

TUBULAR COMPONENTS ................................................................................7

BARS AND RODS...................................................................................................... 8

FRAMES ............................................................................................................................9

INVESTMENT CASTINGS ..................................................................................9

WALL TIES AND ANCHORS ........................................................................10

EXTRUSIONS ............................................................................................................11

REFERENCES............................................................................................................12

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................12

DIRECTORY OF STAINLESS STEELSTRUCTURAL PRODUCERS ..........................................inside back cover

The material presented in this booklet has been

prepared for the general information of the reader.

The Specialty Steel Industry of North America

(SSINA) and the individual companies it represents

have made every effort to ensure that the informa-tion presented is technically correct. However,

neither the SSINA nor its member companies

warrants the accuracy of the information contained

in this handbook or its suitability for any general

and specific use. The SSINA assumes no liability

or responsibility of any kind in connection with the

use of this information. The reader is advised that

the material contained herein should not be used

or relied on for any specific or general application

without first securing competent advice with respect

to its suitability.


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INTRODUCTION

Stainless steel is not a single alloy, bu

rather the nam e applies to a group of

iron based alloys containing a m inim um

10.5% chrom ium . O ther elem ents are

add ed and the chrom ium content

increased to im prove the corrosion

resistance, im prove heat resisting prop-

erties, enhance m echanical prop erties,

and/or to im prove fabricating character-

istics. There are over 50 stainless steelgrad es that w ere originally recog nized

by the A m erican Iron and Steel Institute

(A ISI). Three general classifications are

used to identify stainless steel. They

are: 1. M etallurgical structure. 2. The

A ISI num bering system (200, 300 and

400 series num bers). 3. The U nified

N um bering System , w hich w as

developed by the A m erican Society

for Testing M aterials (A STM ) and the

Society of Autom otive Eng ineers

(SA E) to ap ply to all com m ercial m etals

and alloys.

The various types of stainless steel

are detailed in a d esigner hand book,

D esign G uidelines for the Selection and

U se of Stainless Steelavailable from

the Specialty S teel Industry of N orth

A m erica (SSIN A ). Several other

publications are also available, including

Stainless Steel Fabrication,Stainless

Steel Fasteners,Stainless Steel

Finishes,Stainless Steel Specifications,

and Stainless Steel A rchitectural Facts,

to m ention a few .


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2

409 has a ferritic m etallurgical

structure. It is a straight chrom e alloy

(11 to 12% chrom ium U N S S40900).

It has good ductility and corrosion

resistance. It is m ainly used for

internal applications.

410-3 is a dual phase alloy (U N S

S41003) with m icro alloy elem entcontrol that perm its w elding in up to

1 1/4 inches (30m m ).

2205 has a duplex structure w hich is

typically about equal parts of austenite

and ferrite (21% chrom ium , 4.5%

nickel, 2.5% m olybdenum U N S

32304). It has excellent corrosion

resistance and exhibits about tw ice

the yield streng th as conventional

grad es.

ALLOYS

The follow ing grades of stainless steel

are often used in structural applications:

304 has an austenitic m etallurgical

structure. It is the basic 18-8alloy

(18% chrom ium , 8% nickel U N S

S30400), is the m ost readily available

grade, and is often sp ecified for all-

purposeapplications. It has excellent

corrosion resistance and unusually

good form ability.

316 is b asically a 304 grade w ith the

ad dition of 2 to 3% m olybdenum . It

has greater corrosion resistance than

304 and is usually preferred for long

term service in aggressive industrial,

chem ical and seacoast atm ospheres.

CONDITION

Stainless steel is usually available in the

H ot Rolled and A nnealedcond ition

and has a yield strength of ab out 42 ksi.

The austenitic grad es can be hardened

by cold w orking the m aterial. 301, a

m odification of 304, (w ith the chrom ium

and nickel low ered slightly to increase

the w ork hardening rate), can be sup -

plied in various tem persup to full hard

w ith a yield strength of 140 ksi.

The A m erican Society of C ivil

Engineers (ASC E) has a stand ard A N SI/

ASC E -8 -90 Specifications for the

D esign of C old Form ed Stainless S teel

Structural M em bers,1 w hich details the

design inform ation on cold form ed

stainless steel.

G EN E R A L I N F OR M AT ION ON S TA I N LE S S S T EE L

Table 1 CLASSIFICATION OF STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCT FORM S*

Item Description Dimensions

Thickness Width Diameter or Size

Sheet Coi ls and cut lengths:Hot Rolled No. 1 under 0.1875" (4.76mm) 24.000" (609.6mm) and over

Cold Rolled No. 2D, 2B, under 0.1875" (4.76mm) 24.000" (609.6mm) and overBright Annealed, TR

Polished No. 3, 4, 6, 7 & 8 under 0.1875" (4.76mm) 24.000" (609.6mm) and over

Stri p Coi ls and cut l engths:Hot Rolled No. 1 under 0.1875" (4.76mm) under 24.000" (609.6mm)

Cold Rolled No. 2D, 2B, under 0.1875" (4.76mm) under 24.000" (609.6mm)Bright Annealed, TR

Polished No. 3, 4, 6, 7 & 8 under 0.1875" (4.76mm) under 24.000" (609.6mm)

Pl ate Coi ls and cut l engths:Hot Rolled, annealed & pickled 0.1875" (4.76mm) and over over 10.000" (254mm)

Polished available for 0.1875" (4.76mm) and over over 10.000" (254mm)special applications

Bar Straight lengths:

Hot finished rounds, squares, 0.250" (6.35mm)octagons and hexagons and over

Hot finished flats 0.125" (3.18mm) and over 0.250" (6.35mm) to 10.000" (254mm)

Cold finished rounds, squares, 0.062" (1.59mm)octagons and hexagons and over

Cold finished flats 0.375" (9.53mm) and over

Rod Hot Rolled coils may be annealed 0.200" (5.54mm)and/or descaled and over

Wire Cold finishes only:Rounds, squares, octagons 0.500" (12.7mm)and hexagons and under

Flat wire (coils only) 0.010" (0.254mm) to 0.062" (1.59mm) tounder 0.185" (4.76mm) under 0.375" (9.35mm)

Pipe & Several different classifications with differing specifications are available.Tube For more information on standard sizes, consult your local Steel Service Center or the SSINA.

Extrusions Not considered standard shapes, but available.Currently limited in size to approximately 6.50" (165.1 mm) diameter circle, or structurals to 5.00 (127 mm) diameter.

*Ingo ts, Slabs, Hot Bands, Angles and Roll ed Shapes are also available.


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Applications for Rebars:

Supports for reinforced concrete (i.e., bridge decks)

M arine construction, piers and w harfsBalconies and fram es for front-elevation units

Anchorag es and any kind of joints

O ff-shore platform s

Fram ers and anchorag es for dam p environm ents, tunnels,

underpasses and subw ays

Bridges, viad ucts, overpasses

C em ent fram ew orks w ith am ag netic characteristics

Fram ew orks w hich are p rone to b reaking up due to frost or because

of low tem peratures

C oncrete slabs for drainage in environm ents w ith corrosive ag ents

Supports/restoration for statues, m onum ents, cem ent, stone and

m arble w orks

C ON C R ET E R EIN F OR C EM EN T

Stainless steel rebars

being installed in a

bridge on highway 407

in Ontario, Canada

Preformed rebars for columns

4


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FA B R I C AT ED C OM P O N E N T S

Applications for FabricatedComponents:

C olum ns and Pillars

W alkw ays, R ailing s and Lad ders

Arches

Storage U nits

Processing V essels

Structural Supports

W all and C eiling Panels

Ladders and walkways and rails fabricated

by ENERFAB a Bishopric Company

A showroom of an all -stainless steel building in Japan

Entrance hall of an all-

stainless steel building

in Japan 4

Arches, strut light covers and traffic signal poles (not in photo)

were fabricated from 316L Stainle ss steel by the Offenhauser

Company. The project is in the Galleri a are a in Houston.

Stainless steel is becom ing the m aterial

of choice for concrete reinforcem ent. It

has a high resistance to corrosion

particularly in chloride bearing concrete

(from de-icing salts or seacoast

exp osure). Significant reductions in

m aintenance and repair w ill result in

applications w here the structure issubject to ad verse corrosion.

A n article, published in the M ay 1995

issue of C oncrete International,3 by

D . B . M cD onald; M . R . Sherm an;

D . W .Pfeifer, and Y. P. Virm ani, concludes

that both field and laboratory data have

show n that stainless steel rebars are

cap able of m aintaining excellent

corrosion resistance in severe chloride

environm ents,and that the chloride

tolerance for stainless steel w as show n

to be significantly g reater than that of

m ild steel.This article also concludes

that the use of stainless steel m ay bew arranted w hen guaranteed long-term

corrosion resistance is required. The


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T U B U LA R COM P ON EN T S

Applications for Tubular

Components:

Space fram es

Trusses

Bracing and end fram es

Lattices

Load bearing m em ber

Light poles

O verhead signs

Stainless steel trusses (20 meters) for bracing and e nd frames for skylight supports.

Tubular sections form the La Grande Arch

structure in Paris.

Structural tubes, filled wi th water, used as an

external fire prevention system.

Stainless steel angles are prod uced by

hot rolling, annealing, blast cleaning

and chem ical passivation. Ang les can

be form ed from sheet and plate or rolled

from billets creating various structural

com ponents. A pop ular use involves

bending the angle into a ring and

w elding the ends tog ether for use asan outer strengthening com ponent in


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8

B A R S AN D R OD S

Applications for Bars and Rods:

Structural m em bers in tension

Load transfer devices

Tie rods

Bridge pins

A continuous reinforced concrete slab supported by

44 stainless steel rods provides pedestrians and

cyclists a bridge over the Humber River in Toronto.

The Minnesota Department

of Transportation replaced

conventional low a lloy steel

with stainless steel hinge pins

and hangers on the Blatnik

Bridge in Duluth, Mi nnesota.

cyclindrical structures. Typical sizes are

listed in Table 3.

(photo, above)

Stainless steel wa s used to

support a lightweight PTFEcoated glass fiber woven

fabric roof (not yet installed).

(photo, left)

Stainless steel tie rods linked

to stainless steel tubular columns

to maintain the roof membrane

in tension.


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9

Table 3 ANGLES

Slater is able to produce the following sizes

of angles in the Hot Rolled, Annealed and

Descaled condition:

1 x 1 x 18 2 x 2 x 14

1 x 1 x 316 2 x 2 x 5161 x 1 x 14 2 x 2-38

1-14 x 1-14 x 18 2-12 x 2-12 x 316

1 -1 4 x 1 -1 4 x 3 1 6 2 -1 2 x 2 -1 2 x 1 4

1 -1 4 x 1 -1 4 x 1 4 2 -1 2 x 2 -1 2 x 5 1 6

1- 1 2 x 1- 1 2 x 1 8 2- 1 2 x 2- 1 2 x 3 8

1- 1 2 x 1- 1 2 x 3 16 3 x 3 x 1 4

Applications for Frames:

Bus and transit fram es

C oal cars

Space fram es

M irror m ount fram es

Applications for Castings:

Anchors

Sup port housing s

Joints

FR AM ES IN V ES TM EN T

C A S TIN G

Truck mirror frame.

Tubular supports for the roof structure of the

Canadian Archives Building.

Complex stainless steel investment

casting connecting the tubular structure

with the glass wall.

Rail coal carrie rs fabricated from stainless steel.

Stainless steel has been specified in

bus and rail cars for internal fram es and

for the entire structure.


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1- 12 x 1- 12 x 14 3 x 3 x 516

2 x 2 x 18 3 x 3 x 38

2 x 2 x 316

Tolerance information is as follows:

Leg Tolerance (length)....+18"

Weight Tolerance............+7-12%

Right Angle Tolerance.....+2Straightness or Camber...18" in 5 feet

BASIC SYSTEM

Modified Vee TiesRectangular Eye & Dowel

WIR E TIES FOR STONE VENEER

MASONRY WIRE TIES

STONE PANEL VENEER

W A LL TIES A N D A N C H OR S

Stainless steel tie bar.Lewis bolts (top) and threaded inserts for

hanging stone (bottom) show variety of stainless

steel fastening devices used in stone and

concrete anchoring systems.

10


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Channels

A B C Approx. Wt.Lbs. per Ft.

1-1/2 3/4 3/16 1.75

2 (T) 9/16 3/16 1.85

2 3/4 3/16 2.02

2 (T) 1 3/16 2.60

2-1/2 (T) 5/8 3/16 2.40

3 (T) 1-3/8 3/16 4.191-1/4 1 1/4 2.33

1-1/2 1 1/4 2.57

2 5/8 1/4 2.37

2 1 1/4 3.15

2-1/2 1 1/4 3.57

3 1-1/2 1/4 4.75

4 (T) 1-3/4 1/4 6.69

5 (T) 1-7/8 3/8 10.43

(T) standard tapered sections

1

Tees

A B C Approx. Wt.Lbs. per Ft.

1-1/4 2 3/16 1.94

1-1/2 1-1/2 3/16 1.65

1-1/2 2 3/16 2.09

1-1/2 2-3/8 3/16 2.37

2 2 3/16 2.44

1 1-1/4 1/4 1.691-1/2 1-1/2 1/4 2.34

1-1/2 2 1/4 2.75

2 1-1/4 1/4 2.57

2 2 1/4 3.19

2-1/2 1-1/2 1/4 3.19

2-1/2 2-1/2 1/4 4.10

3 3 1/4 4.91

1-1/2 1-1/2 3/8 3.60

2 2 3/8 4.70

2-1/2 2 3/8 5.29

2-1/2 2-1/2 3/8 5.90

2-1/2 3 3/8 6.70

2 2 1/2 6.38

C

B

A

A

C

B

Specifications:

The follow ing specifications can be

applied to structural products:

ASTM A276 Q Q S-763

ASTM A479

Grades:

304 316 304L 316LO ther grad es availab le upon req uest.

N ot all sizes available in all grades.

Beams

A B C Approx. Lbs.per Ft.

1-1/2 1 3/16 2.02

1-1/2 1 1/4 2.64

2 1-1/4 1/4 3.43

2-1/2 1-1/2 1/4 4.22

3 (T) 2-3/8 1/4 6.60

4 (T) 2-3/4 1/4 8.44

(T) standard tapered sections

A

C

B

EX T R U S I ON S

Stainless steel can b e extrud ed in m any shapes includ ing angles. A ng les are

produced w ith p arallel surfaces on the legs. Typical sizes are listed in Table 4.

Table 4


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REFERENCES:1 A m erican Society of C ivil Eng ineers:

AN SI/A SC E 8-90: Specification for the

D esign of C old Form ed Stainless S teel

Structural M em bers

2 Specialty S teel Industry of N orth

Am erica: D esigner H and book S eries:

Stainless Steel Fabrication

3 C oncrete International: M ay 1995:

Stainless Steel R einforcing as

C orrosion Protection: D .B .M cD onald;

M .R.Sherm an; D .W . Pfeifer, and

Y.P.Virm ani.

4 Steel Tod ay & Tom orrow : N ew s of

Japanese Steel Jan.-M ar. 1996: Page 9

A N ew Steel Structure Stainless steel

Buildings

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The S pecialty Steel Industry of N orth

A m erica w ishes to acknow ledge the

assistance of the follow ing individuals

and organizations for their help and

assistance in p roviding data and pho-

tographs for this publication. Their con-

tributions w ere p aram ount in the d evel-

opm ent of this D esigner H and book.

W ith a sp ecial acknow ledgm ent and

thanks to M r. D avid J. C ochrane, con-

sultant to the N ickel D evelopm ent Insti-

tute for a significant contribution.

O ntario M inistry of Transp ortation:

D r. Alan K.C . Ip, M r. Frank Pianca

and M r. Ranjit S. Reel

Envirex Inc.

P.O . B ox 1604

W aukesha, W I 53187-1604

M r. W illiam P. Schm itz

Enerfab

A B ishorpric C om pany

4955 Spring G rove A ve.

C incinnati, O H 45232

M s. Sand ra Pena

O ffenhauser C om pany

P.O . B ox 230068

2201 Telephone Rd.

H ouston, TX 77223-0068

M r. Robert H . D illard

A l Tech Specialty Steel C orp.

P.O . B ox 152

D unkirk, N Y 14048M r. Bernard H . N euhart

Slater Steel C orp.

2400 Taylor Street W est

Fort W ayne, IN 46801

M r. Jon Schm aucher

Plym outh Tub e

P.O . B ox 768

W arrenville, IL 60555

M r. D on Ferguson


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3050 K Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20007

TEL: (202) 342-8630 or (800) 982-0355

FAX: (202) 338-5534

StainlessSteel

TheValueOption

STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCERSSPECIALTY STEEL INDUSTRY OF NORTH AMERICA

Allegheny Ludlum CorporationAn Allegheny Teledyne Company1000 Six PP G PlacePittsburgh, PA 15222-5479(412) 394-2800w w w .alleghenyteledyne.com

AllvacAn Allegheny Teledyne Company

2020 Ashcraft AvenueP.O . Box 5030M onroe, N C 28111(704) 289-4511 or (800) 841-5491w w w .allvac.com

AL Tech Specialty Steel Corporation90 W illow brook A venue

P.O . Box 152D unkirk, N Y 14048(716) 366-1000

Armco Inc.O ne O xford C entre301 G rant StreetPittsburgh, PA 15219-1415(412) 255-9800w w w .arm co.com

Atlas Specialty SteelsDivision of Atlas Steels, Inc.

O ne C entre StreetP.O .Box 1000W elland, O T L3B 5R 7C A N A D A

(800) 263-5712w w w .atlasspecialtysteels.com

Atlas Stainless SteelsDivision of Atlas Steels, Inc.

1640 rue M arie VictorinTracy, Q uebec J3R 4R 4C A N A D A(514) 746-5000

Carpenter Technology CorporationP.O . Box 14662Reading, PA 19612-4662(610) 208-2000w w w .cartech.com

Talley Metals Technology, Inc.

A Carpenter CompanyP.O . Box 2498H artsville, SC 29551(803) 335-7540

G.O. Carlson, Inc.350 M arshallton RoadP.O . Box 526Thorndale, PA 19372-0526(610) 384-2800

J&L Specialty Steel, Inc.P.O . Box 3373Pittsburgh, PA 15230-3373(412) 338-1600w w w .jlspecialty.com

Mexinox S.A. de C.V.AV. Industrias 4100Zona Industrial C .P. 78090San Luis Potosi, S.L.P.M exico

011-52-48-24-0640http://slpm ex.infosel.net.m x/industria/m exinox/m exinoxing.htm

North American Stainless6870 H ighw ay 42 EastG hent, KY 41045(502) 347-6000

Precision Specialty Metals, Inc.3301 M edford S treetLos Angeles, C A 90063(213) 267-3200w w w .psm -inc.com

Republic Technologies International3770 Em bassy Parkw ayAkron, O hio 44333-8367(330) 670-3000

Special Metals CorporationM iddle Settlem ent RoadN ew H artford, N Y 13413(315) 798-2900w w w .specialm etals.com

Techalloy Company, Inc.370 Franklin TurnpikeM ahw ah, N J 07430(201) 529-0900w w w .m anufacturing.net/techalloy

9-99-5000

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