stages of spanish language acquisition · add.a.lingua stages of spanish language acquisition...

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add.a.lingua stages of Spanish language acquisition Levels of Spanish Language Produc5on Preproduc5on begin to understand Spanish before having the ability to speak Early Produc5on ‐ speak first words in Spanish ‐ comprehend significantly more language Speech Emergence ‐ speak some Spanish using structure (syntax) ‐ become familiar with the use of the language (pragma>cs) Intermediate Fluency ‐ become more familiar with the syntax and pragma>cs of Spanish (the structure and func>on of the language) Fluency ‐ communicate in the language through conversa>on and wri>ng Students’ Characteris5cs and Needs ‐ respond to instruc>ons and commands. ‐ use English to communicate with teachers and peers ‐ speaks using one or two words in Spanish ‐ give “sí” or “no” answers ‐ may mix languages, Spanish and English, when communica>ng with teachers and peers ‐ speak using more than one or two words to express a thought ‐ retell a story ‐ respond to open‐ended ques>ons ‐ begin to develop reading and wri>ng skills ‐ begin to develop advanced reading and wri>ng skills in Spanish ‐ needs considerable help with vocabulary development ‐ have language and learning skills comparable to those of a na>ve‐Spanish‐speaker in academic seFngs How Students Learn ‐ learn by listening and watching ‐ point, gesture, draw, recreate, or respond in English to show understanding ‐ learn by repe>>on ‐ learn by listening, watching, and speaking using one or two words in Spanish ‐ point, gesture, draw, recreate, or respond to ques>ons with one or two word answers in Spanish to show understanding ‐ learn by repe>>on ‐ begin to ask ques>ons in Spanish ‐ use basic literacy skills ‐ par>cipate in discussions and respond to ques>ons using emerging syntac>c structures (begin to form sentences using correct Spanish grammar) ‐ par>cipate in structured discussions and literacy ac>vi>es ‐ u>lize more advanced literacy skills ‐ build on content learned through discussions using more advanced syntac>c structures ‐ have language and learning skills comparable to that of a na>ve‐Spanish‐speaker in academic seFngs Appropriate Language Objec5ves ‐ sing ‐ act out ‐ iden>fy ‐ point to ‐ par>cipate in ‐ draw and label ‐ sort ‐ use phrases ‐ match the pictures and words ‐ order and label ‐ ask ques>ons ‐ read and paraphrase ‐ complete a Venn diagram and discuss ‐ complete a suppor>ng paragraph ‐ write a paragraph to compare and contrast ‐ summarize a research ar>cle ‐ read and take notes ‐ read and summarize ‐ aIain fluency Adapted from S. Krashen & T. Terrell, (1983) The Natural Approach Copyright ©2009 add.a.lingua. All rights reserved.

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add.a.lingua stages of Spanish language acquisition

LevelsofSpanishLanguageProduc5on

Preproduc5on‐begintounderstandSpanishbeforehavingtheabilityto

speak

EarlyProduc5on‐ speakfirstwordsinSpanish‐comprehendsignificantly

morelanguage

SpeechEmergence‐speaksomeSpanishusing

structure(syntax)‐becomefamiliarwiththeuseofthelanguage(pragma>cs)

IntermediateFluency

‐becomemorefamiliarwiththesyntaxandpragma>csofSpanish(thestructureandfunc>onofthelanguage)

Fluency‐communicateinthelanguagethrough

conversa>onandwri>ng

Students’Characteris5csand

Needs

‐respondtoinstruc>onsandcommands.

‐useEnglishtocommunicatewithteachersandpeers

‐speaksusingoneortwowordsinSpanish

‐give“sí”or“no”answers‐maymixlanguages,Spanish

andEnglish,whencommunica>ngwithteachers

andpeers

‐speakusingmorethanoneortwowordstoexpressathought

‐retellastory‐respondtoopen‐ended

ques>ons‐begintodevelopreadingand

wri>ngskills

‐begintodevelopadvancedreadingandwri>ngskillsin

Spanish‐needsconsiderablehelp

withvocabularydevelopment

‐havelanguageandlearningskillscomparabletothoseofana>ve‐Spanish‐speakerin

academicseFngs

HowStudentsLearn ‐learnbylisteningandwatching

‐point,gesture,draw,recreate,orrespondin

Englishtoshowunderstanding

‐learnbyrepe>>on

‐learnbylistening,watching,andspeakingusingoneortwowordsinSpanish‐point,gesture,draw,recreate,orrespondto

ques>onswithoneortwowordanswersinSpanishto

showunderstanding‐learnbyrepe>>on

‐begintoaskques>onsinSpanish

‐usebasicliteracyskills‐par>cipateindiscussionsandrespondtoques>onsusingemergingsyntac>cstructures(begintoformsentencesusingcorrectSpanishgrammar)‐par>cipateinstructureddiscussionsandliteracy

ac>vi>es

‐u>lizemoreadvancedliteracyskills

‐buildoncontentlearnedthroughdiscussionsusingmoreadvancedsyntac>c

structures

‐havelanguageandlearningskillscomparabletothatofana>ve‐Spanish‐speakerin

academicseFngs

AppropriateLanguageObjec5ves

‐sing‐actout‐iden>fy‐pointto

‐par>cipatein

‐drawandlabel‐sort

‐usephrases‐matchthepicturesand

words

‐orderandlabel‐askques>ons

‐readandparaphrase‐completeaVenndiagramand

discuss‐completeasuppor>ng

paragraph

‐writeaparagraphtocompareandcontrast

‐summarizearesearchar>cle‐readandtakenotes‐readandsummarize

‐aIainfluency

AdaptedfromS.Krashen&T.Terrell,(1983)The Natural Approach Copyright ©2009 add.a.lingua. All rights reserved.