CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE(7 to 11 years)

“In this stage the capacity for logical thought firstemerges.”

Important mental abilities developed

Inductive – deductive reasoning

Flexibility in thinking

Understanding the principle of conservation

Classification and serialization

Transitivity

Reversibility of thought

INDUCTIVE - DEDUCTIVE REASONING

The child begins to think in terms of set of interrelated principles rather than a set of knowledge.

Flexibility In Thinking

The child’s egocentrism waves and he is able to takeother’s view points.

He did not think of himself as the center of externalworld.

UNDERSTANDING THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION

“ Which picture contain large number of greenblocks? ”

Understanding principle of Conservation:

The child now develops the ability to conserveboth in terms of quantity and number of objects.

He can now very well think that the change inappearance of an object does not alter either it’squantity or it’s number.

HOW WE CAN CHECK ABILITY TO CONSERVE IN TERMS OF QUANTITY?

CLASSIFICATION AND SERIALIZATION

Can you classify these?

Apple, Carrot, Orange, Grapes, Ladies finger,

Pine apple, Cabbage, Cucumber, Banana.

Can you arrange the numbers in ascending order?

33, 12, 56, 7, 17, 9, 50.

Classification and serialization:

The child develops the ability to classify objects.

He develops the under standing of relational termsand also the ability of serialization.

TRANSITIVITY

"Neethu is taller than Divya, Divya is taller than Asha.”

Then who is taller among these girls?

Can you find the missing number?

7, 10 ,13, _ , 19 , 20 , 23, 26

Transitivity:

Transitivity is the ability to recognize relation amongthe series.

Reversibility of thought.

At this stage the child learn to carry a thoughtbackward and forward in time

FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE(12 to 15 years)

In this stage the child’s thought process become quitesystematic and reasonably well integrated.

Important accomplishment of the period:

Ability to deal with abstraction

Hypothetico – deductive reasoning

Systematic approach to solve the problem

Use of abstract rules

Ability to transfer knowledge

CONCLUSIONThe organization of the mental structure in all

children always take place in a particular orderinvolving definite stages of intellectual development.Thus although children of the same age may differ interms of possession of mental abilities, the order, inwhich the abilities evolve, and the pattern ofdevelopment are quite constant and universal. In thisway according to Piaget , after the expiry of the formaloperational stage the child may reach full intellectualpotential.

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