stabilized rammed earth

Rammed Earth

Hybrid Earthen Homes

Earthquake and typhoon

resistant Homes

STABILIZED RAMMED EARTH

A lightweight husk loam for Aloha Ranch

Rammed Earth

Hybrid Earthen Home

Building Course March 2014

Aloha Ranch

Earthquake and typhoon

resistant Homes

Gernot Minke

Building with EarthDesign and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture

https://ia700503.us.archive.org/11/items/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth.pdf

Gernot Minke


Earth

Terms

AdobeBlocks of earth (loam)

produced manually by throwing wet earth into a formwork are called adobes or mud bricksor sun- dried earth blocks. Also can be used to plaster or wad and dabble

Earth TermsLoam as it is referred to scientifically,

(clayey soil) has different names when

used in various applications, for

instance rammed earth, soil blocks,

mud bricks or adobe.

Earth Terms

Soil Blocks

are compressed

unbaked bricks

Gernot Minke


https://ia700503.us.archive.org/11/items/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth.pdf

Earth Terms

Stabilized Soil

Blocks

are compressed

unbaked bricks

that use a

stabilizer (hydrated

lime, Portland etc.)

Earth Terms

Rammed Earth

walls - compacted

within a formwork Earth Terms

Earth Terms

Stabilized Rammed

Earth walls

are compressed walls

that use loam and a

stabilizer (hydrated lime,

Portland etc.)

Excavated clay soil

Local Rice hull

Carbonized

Rice hull

(charcoal)

Stabilized Rammed Earth wall materials

Binder - termite barrier10 liters CRH

10 liters agri lime stone

20 liters Portland cement

1 Binder

2 clay soil

3 Ricehull

5-10 liters water

Stabilized lightweight loam

Mixing stabilized lightweight loam

Rammed stabilized lightweight loam wall

Thai earthen homes

Sicsican mud house

Marcus Swanepole

Sicsican mud house


U-shaped wall in greenhouse


U-shaped wall in greenhouse

Ring beam next

7m

5.2m

2.4m

2.7m

h = (√3)s 4.6m

d = 2s 5.2m

a = (1.5√3)s² 19m2

p = 6s

Similarly,

s = h/(√3)

d = 2h/(√3)

19m2


Master pattern

6 Columns

1 meter floor extention

20cm

86 cm


Master pattern

Column detailColumn strap detail

30cm

3 straps

Below floor

Dowels connect

Below floor


Marking footings


Digging footings Bagging excavated loam

for rammed earth wall


Ready for footings


Holes 80cm x 80cm x 25cm

steel 80cm x 80cm x 10mm


One man bagging with tubular bag holder

Plinth

Footing

Column

Flooring

25cmdeep

80cm

40cm

30cm


Foundation detail


Footing pad, dowels and column ready

Footing hole 80cm x 80cm x 25cm

8mm 70cm x 70cm steel bar


Footing pad poured and plinth next, column ready

Plinth w/concrete, steel and rock infill


Column form detail

20cm

30cm

Steel strap Wood form with key

30cm

40cm

2”x4” key

Finished column

Ready for ramming


Column form detailWood form with key

2”x4” dovetail key

Wing nut


Column form detail

Column and rammed

wall locked with key

First layer on plinth


Slotted angle bar guides

Column key


Slotted angle bar guides

Column key


Slotted angle bar guidesFormwork slides up for

Second layer on First layer

Formwork slides up for

Second layer on First layer


Rainy season may require roof first


The Miller Bench

Hybrid Earthen Home

and

Aquaponic Greenhouse

Hybrid

Earthen

Homes

Window

Mold

Jalousiewindow

Hybrid

Earthen

Homes

Window

Mold

Hybrid

Earthen

Homes

Window

Mold

Removed

Hybrid

Earthen

Homes

Sitting

window

Hybrid

Earthen

Homes

1/2 height 14cm thick wall

6 mixers rammed

lightweight loam

Hybrid

Earthen

Homes

Breathable Plaster Primer

1 part whey and 1 part hydrated lime

Mix 2 minutes then stand 5 minutes then add 2 parts water

Water Proof Breathable Colored Plaster

1 part whey to 1 part hydrated lime

Machine Mix 2 minutes then stand 5 minutes

then add 1 part clay for color, 3 parts sand for texture and 4 parts hydrated lime

Machine Mix

Set drill press to Lowest speed

with 5 ½ ” boat prop1 part whey to 1 part hydrated lime


Hybrid

Earthen

Homes

Water Proof Breathable Colored Plaster

1 part whey to 1 part hydrated lime


then add 1 part clay for color, 3 parts sand for texture and 4 parts hydrated lime

Full height 14cm

thick wall

12 mixers rammed

lightweight loam

Whey/ lime primer

½ height 14cm

thick wall

6 mixers rammed

lightweight loam

Whey/ lime clay

and sand finish

Coat 1

Building 1

Building 1

Round columns

Building 1Hybrid

Earthen

Homes

Building 2

Hybrid

Earthen

Homes

Building 2

Building 2

Door Ram

Building 2

Round columns

Building 2

Retaining walls

2.4m

2.4m

5.8m

6.3m4.4m

28m2

28m2

Octagon dimensions

Stabilized rammed earth

A lightweight husk loam Concrete peso l/cubic p/pail

3 2 1 sand 1,200 1,000 24

husk earth mix portland gravel/sand

1 6

2 1 1 240 144 384p/mixer 55p/pail

portland CRH Agri Limestone

poured earth

3 2 1 ←pails

husk earth mix Loam peso pails/sack p/pail

50% 33% 17% rice hull 7 4 1.75

portland/batch 120

portland CRH Agri Limestone 125.25p/mixer

liters→ 10 5 5 21p/pail

0.5 0.25 0.25

8.33% 4.17% 4.17%

Hybrid

Earthen

Homes

Costing

Hybrid

Earthen

Homes

footings

1 80 80 25 160

6 80 80 25 960 six footings

floor

1 350 10 3847 outer/inner floor

plinth

6 30 40 240 1728 plinth

column

6 30 30 240 1296 column

ring beam

6 30 30 240 1296 ring beam

9126.5 total liters

liters/mixer 140

# mixers65.18928571

p/mixer 384

concrete cost 25,033

Concrete costing

Hybrid

Earthen

HomesRammed Adobe Flooring

Whey, hydraulic lime and sand

The lime has to be first intensively

mixed into the whey to form a

creamy paste without adding any

water. After allowing the mix to rest

for a while, water and sand should

be added.

For a thinner plaster that can be brushed

on, with the proportion 1:6:25

In warm climates, some kitchen salt

should be added to keep the lime plaster

moist for a longer period, which improves

curing.

Hybrid Earthen Bamboo House

Suspension bridge

Rammed Earth Walls

Acid stained floors

Acid stained floors

Iron Sulphate. Combine ¼ cup of iron sulphate, also called Copperas, with 2/3 cup warm water.

-copper-colored end product. Seal when done to protect the integrity of the color.

- it can be lightened by adding more water

We darkened by adding instant coffee. 5% Nescafe Classic

Iron chloride is also known as Ferric Chloride and solutions containing it are sold at electronics

supply stores for the purpose of etching circuits onto printed circuit boards (PCBs).

It is important to be careful when working with all of these mixtures, as whenever you are working

with chemical combinations. When mixing your own stains you can be creative with the color

combinations, and perfect them to your satisfaction. Commercial stains are more expensive,

and creating your own from these materials will cost you only a fraction of the price.

Monlithic pour

Same cement brand

Same gravel and sand

for entire pour

Etched for grout

Acid stained floors

60 & 80 grit belt sander

for polished effect

Acid stained floors

Acid stained floors

Acid stained floors

unsealed

Repair

Acid stained floors

Acid stained floors

Repaired

Sealed

Acid stained floors

1st coat sealant

Acid stained floors

Double Sealed

unsealed

Acid stained floors

Different treatments

Acid stained floors

Sealed

Acid stained floors

Multipoured variation

Acid stained floors

Acid stained floors

Sealed

Unsealed

Remove paint, oil, grease before staining

Acid stained floors

Ferric sulphate- Sealed

7 year old floor

Acid stained floors

Ferric sulphate -Sealed

7 year old floor

Copper Sulphate - more of a blue or blue-green

color

Mix ¼ cup of copper sulphate with 1 cup

of warm water.

For a more visible blue, add more copper

sulfate to the mixture. To make the results a

lighter tint, add more water. To create a greener

color, add regular table salt.

Acid stained floors

Pre-rinsed

7 year old floor

Acid stained floors

Copper Sulphate Sealed

7 year old floor

ALOHA RANCH

and

ORGANIC FARM

Macarascas

Ferrocement bed

Ferrocement

Standard construction cement,

usually mixed with plaster

sand. The standard cement is

reinforced with more steel or

fiber at a closer spacing than

traditional construction.

Reduced spacing yields

uniform force dispersion and

increases strength.

Ferrocement is also written as

ferrociment, ferrocemento,

ferrocimento, and ferrozement

1 part portland cement

3 parts fine sand

Welded frame with wire

Ferrocement bed

Thin layers concrete

Ferrocement bed

Cured 2 weeks and

ready to move in place

Ferrocement bed

ALOHA RANCH

and

ORGANIC FARM

Macarascas

Conversion BedsRaised Soil Beds to Flow Beds

S.R.B. – Simulated river beds

5,000 liter tank

w/1,000 liter sump

Hybrid earthen tanks

Ferrocement

Stablized Rammed

earth wall

Plinth - rock and concrete


Plinth

Rammed

earthen stand

Plinth and rammed earth for bed leveling

Excavated clay soil

Local Rice hull

Carbonized

Rice hull

(charcoal)

Stabilized Rammed Earth wall materials

Binder - termite barrier10 liters CRH

10 liters agri lime stone

20 liters Portland cement

1 Binder

2 clay soil

3 Ricehull

5-10 liters water

Adjustable formworks

Stabilized lightweight loam

Mixing stabilized lightweight loam


Precast octagon tanks

Rammed stabilized lightweight loam flooring



1m

2.4m

2.6m

1.6m

4.8m3


Vertical steel for

ferrocement topping

Hybrid earthen tank 1

Ferrocement

Stablized Rammed

earth wall

Plinth -rock and concrete

Hybrid earthen tank1

Oversized

(wasted materials)


Oversized

(wasted materials)


Undersized column

(high compressive strength)



v


Undersized column

(high compressive strength)


Tank 1

Tank 2

Tank 3


Ferrocement aquaponic bed


Ferrocement aquaponic bed

In ground casting form

Aquaponic Greenhouse

Aloha RanchMacarascas

Aloha RanchMacarascas

Rammed

Rocket Stove

stabilized rammed earth

Education