s&t and innovation policy for russia
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S&T and Innovation Policy for Russia. Prof. Leonid Gokhberg National Research University – Higher School of Economics. Russian-Dutch University Partnerships: Shaping Innovative Academic and Research Agenda Moscow, November 15–16, 2012. Contents. Challenges for STI policy in Russia - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
S&T and Innovation Policy for Russia
Prof. Leonid Gokhberg
National Research University – Higher School of Economics
Russian-Dutch University Partnerships: Shaping Innovative Academic and Research AgendaMoscow, November 15–16, 2012
Contents
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Higher School of Economics, Moscow 2012
• Challenges for STI policy in Russia
• Strategy 2020: a new STI policy for Russia
• Key STI policy targets: 2013-2020
• Recent STI policy agenda
2
Global challenges for S&T and innovation policy: moving to a new agenda
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Higher School of Economics, Moscow 2012
Challenges for science policy• Selectivity
Which fields to support and how much focus to give priorities?Shift from thematic priorities to socioeconomic objectives
• Concentration
Which institutions or research teams to support and how concentrated should funding be?
• Sustainability
Are the basic resources of people, money, infrastructure and institutions renewing themselves?
Challenges for innovation policy• Framework conditionsIP framework, human resources, competition, health & safety, consumer regulation• Mobility ofknowledge, people, money, services, business• GovernanceOpen innovation modelCoordination versus integrationMoving towards a more horizontal and cross-cutting innovation policy approachA need for less conventional innovation policy
Source: L. Georghiou
3
Challenges for STI policy in Russia
Higher School of Economics, Moscow 2012
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Challenges
• Consumption level depends on the income from raw resources and does not depend on labour effectiveness
• Enhanced paternalistic approach of public policy, « ignoration » of creative class
Constraints
• Sectoral disbalance (focus on raw materials export, import of equipment, “traditional high-tech“)
• Domination of vertical organisation of manufacturing and technologic linkages
• Development of global cooperation, decrease of its costs, barriers and risks
• Increased speed of knowledge generation, new technologic fields and markets development
• Development of network model of interaction at global and national level
• Low competitiveness in the global arena• Unfavorable climate for entrepreneurship
and innovations• Contre-innovative institutions
• Crisis of traditional models of social policy, stimulation of initiative and entrepreneurship
Unsustainable model of integration into global economy
Russia is a developed economy with educated population and high GDP per capita level on global scale
5
Current STI policy in Russia: an overview
Higher School of Economics, Moscow 2012
Innovative activity of enterprises
6
9.69.39.49.69.4
10.59.8 10.3
9.3 9.4
17.316.3
19.5
5.5 5.24.7 5.0
6.2
10.69.6
6.14.94.65.15.55.5
55.44.74.34.24.4
3.73.84.73.3
4.7
1.51.51.91.41.21.41.21.51.61.8
1.41.41.11.10.80.90.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Enterprises engaged in technological innovation as per cent of all enterprises
Innovative goods and services as a per cent of total sales
Ratio of expenditure on technological innovation to total sales of enterprises
Per cent
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
TJ
MY
JP
CNFI
DE
ID
AR
CHIL
EU-27
IE
FRAU
CY
PLBR
MXHR
NZ
RU
SG
LV
LT
BY
IN
KGIR
AZ
SK
GR
UA MTRO
KRTW
SIISCA
UKTR
CL
BE
SE DK
US LUOECD
NLCZ
NO
AT
BG
ESZA EE HU
Percentage of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D financed by industry, %
GERD (million $ PPP)
USA 401576.0
China 178980.7
Japan 140832.8
Germany 86299.4
Korea 53184.9
France 49990.8
United Kingdom 39137.8
Russia 33725.2
Brazil 26016.5
Canada 24345.9
India 24324.7
Italy 24269.2
Netherlands 12968.7
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Education
Business Science
Institutional
Cross-regional polarization by innovation activity
Cross-sectoral differentiation of technological level and innovation activity
Discrimination of certain social groups in terms of access to innovations
Social
Regional
“Innovationсleavages”
Sectoral
Strategy 2020: imperatives
Strategy 2020: key trade-offs & options for innovation policy
Higher School of Economics, Moscow 2012
Model• Project-based support of
innovative activities in earmarked priority areas
• Redistribution of state functions to regions, development institutions, business associations
• Promoting cooperation at all levels• Rigid hierarchy-based policy
• Priority support of the new economy(«novel» high-tech, services, «green industries», etc.)
• Stimulating innovation in low-tech sectors• Supporting non-technological innovations
Markets
• Continuous support of high-tech sectors related to the former technology paradigm (aircraft, nuclear power generation, etc.)
• Differenciated policy instruments for specific economy sectors and types of innovators• Universal instruments
• Focus on political arguments in decision-making
Priorities/Criteria
• Thematic priorities
Socio-economic objectives•Technological and non-technological innovations to increase economic efficiency and to benefit from the Schumpeterian (innovation) rent – “innovation for business” •Social priorities – inclusive innovations• Functional priorities (design, engineering, technology
transfer, networking, training, etc.)
• Stimulating mass innovation across all economy sectors • Creating favourable environment for innovative companies
and unfavourable one for non-innovative companies
Strategy 2020: proposed policy mix
Higher School of Economics, Moscow 2012 10
MASS INNOVATIONS ACROSS ALL
SECTORS
Regulation of
technology imports
Enhancement of
innovative focus of public
procurement
Incentives for
innovatingenterprises
Support to small
innovative enterprises
ENHANCED EFFICIENCY OF
INNOVATIVE POLICIES
INNOVATION-BASED
DEVELOPMENT OF
TRADITIONAL SECTORS
AND GENERATION
OF NEW ONES
Functional priorities: compensation of failures in the innovation cycle
Decentralization of STI policies
Enhancement of efficiency in resource utilization
IMPROVED QUALITY OF INNOVATION
SUPPLY
Increasing efficiency of public R&D funding
Improving R&D sector efficiency
Incentives for business investment in STI
Priority support to new economy sectors and to entry of innovative goods and services to growing markets
SOCIAL FUNCTIONS
OF INNOVATION
Human capital development
Support to creative classIntegrating vulnerable population groups into innovative processes (inclusive innovations)
Improving public perception of innovation
Need for a long-term vision
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Share of Russian publications in Web of Science journals: 3% (2011 – 2.06%)
GERD-to-GDP-ratio: 1.77%(2011 – 1.12%)
Share of Russian publications in the Web of Science journals: 2.44%(2011 – 2.06%)
Budget of science funds: 25 bln roubles(2011 – 11 bln roubles)
Share of universities in GERD: 15% (2011 – 8.4%)
GERD-to-GDP-ratio: 3% (2011 – 1.12%)
Share of non-budget expenditure in GERD: 57%(2011 – 32.9%)
Patent applications per 10,000 population: 2.8(2011 – 1.85)
Russian universities in the Top-100 world leading universities: >5(2011 – n/a)
Salaries of researchers (200% of regional averages)
Share of universities in GERD: 11.4%(2011 – 8.4%)
Key STI policy targets for 2013-2020
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Total investment increase by 25% over the 2011 level
Total investment increase by 27% over the 2011 level
Promoting Russia in the World Bank Doing Business Index: 20th (2011 – 120th)
President’s Decrees, May 2012 Innovation Strategy, December 2011
Share of innovation sales in manufacturing exports: 15%(2011 – 5.5%)
Share of innovation sales in manufacturing exports: 12%(2011 – 5.5%)
Share of high-tech and knowledge intensive sectors in exports: 130% of 2011 levelPromoting Russia in the
World Bank Doing Business Index: 50th (2011 – 120th)
Innovation
S&T
Share of innovative enterprises in manufacturing: 15%(2011 – 11%)
Labor productivity increase by 150% over the 2011 level
Creation and modernisation of 25 mln jobs with high labor productivity
Share of innovative enterprises in manufacturing: 60%(2011 – 11%)
Higher School of Economics, Moscow 2012
Recent STI policy agenda: an itinerary action plan
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• Priority development of globally competitive basic & applied research
• Mega-science (e.g. co-financing of 6 large research installations)
• Integration of Russian leading universities into global networks (e.g. Programme 5/100)
• International academic mobility: inward (leading international scientists) & outward (government-supported traineeships)
Higher School of Economics, Moscow 2012
• RF Basic Research Programme• State Programme for S&T–2020• Reform of the HE sector
―Federal universities―National research universities―Closures & mergers―Cooperation with companies
• Mapping national S&T/research evaluation transformation of the government R&D sector: focus on centres of excellence
Thank [email protected]