sssr ch8mold p351 386
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SSSR Ch8mold p351 386TRANSCRIPT
8---------------------------------------: ? . -, 1940 ., . , (19881991 .) , . . , . - . , - 1940 . ., , - . - . , - . , - , -() . - -.354 88.1. : () -1990 . 101 (- 380), -, . - , . . -, . -, ( - ), . -. - .1 1989 . 41% , 28 25,5% .2 1990 . . - ,. 1991 . (), . 1991 . .
. - 792 . . . (), 82 . . . , . ( 97 .) . ( ) 27 98 . . 28 920 . - - . 2 924 . - . 2 Nations in Transit 2002 [ . . . . . http://www.freedom-house.org/research/nitransit/2002/moldova2002.pdf. . 290. 290.355 ? . - (). 1991 . . , (!), - .3 - . 1992 . -. ( - ) 14- ().-. 1992 . , .4 27 1994 . - ( ).
.200 .,86%. ,. (, , ) - .4 995 . -,.2000 . , . . - . ( , - ). , .2005 . ,- (22 4 ). , , - . - , , - (- . [ . http://www.gazeta.ru/2005/12/12/oa_181252.shtml).,( ) , - .56 8, .5 1990 ., ( ) . - - ( ), - . 1991 . . 1990 . - ( ), 1991 . . 1994 . -. 20 101 . 56 , - / (28 ). . 1995 . - .1995 .1991 ., -.1998 .- ( ) 40 - ., , . 1990- .- . . 1998 . -.,- , 2001 . . -,2000 .- , -. . 5 50 . -( ).994 .-() . - .57 ? -(, ).6 2001 . , .- , . 50,7% 71 -. 17 , -- . 13,4% (19 ). - (8,2% , 11 ). . 2001 . . , - . - - - . ,7 (, , ) - . . , ,-. , , , .6 , , ,- .7(997 .), ,,. 999 .,2005 .,--.2006 . , , , - . 58 8 -.2002 . - . , -, . , - - . 2001 . .- . 2002 . , 20 , - .8 . (- ) . 2003 . . --,,-,2001 .367892, 42%. 48%. . , , . -, , , . - , -. 1991 .9, , 1990- . -8 Nations in Transit 200 [ . . . . . http://www.freedom-house.org/research/nitransit/2003/moldova2003.pdf. . 445. 445.9 Nations in Transit 2004 [ . . . . . http://www.freedom-house.org/research/nitransit/2004/moldova2004.pdf. P. 4. 4. 59 ? . .10 2005 . . -. , . 46,0%56. 28,5% 34 . -- 9,1% 11 .11 , 15 2001 . 61 . - 75 -., 10 , , , -( ). . - -.12 , - Freedom oe oe oe, , , 0 Nations in Transit 2005 [ . . . . . http://www.freedom-house.org/research/nitransit/2005/moldova2005.pdf.
Republic of Moldova. Parliamentary Elections, 6 March 2005. OSCE/ODIHR Election Mission Final Report [ . . . . . http://www.osce.org/docu-ments/odihr/2005/06/114919_en.pdf. P. 25. P. 25. . 25. 25. 25.2., (,) ,,, . , , - ( . [ . http://www.eurasianhome.org/?/forum/2005/04/nantoi2&PHPSESSID=984f9e062eb55636802a61e342f6b38a). ( - . ( -,)- -., ( . [.http://www.eurasianhome.org/?/forum/2005/04/diakonu2&PHPSESSID=984f9e062eb55636802a61e342f6b38a)..60 8.13- , - - ( ) . ? -,-- . -. ,-- . , , . ( ) -, . , , -, - , .2001 .- .14 2002 . , . - , - ,- . -, , , , . .
Nations in Transit 2005. P. 2. Nations in Transit 2005. P. 2. in Transit 2005. P. 2. in Transit 2005. P. 2. Transit 2005. P. 2. Transit 2005. P. 2. 2005. P. 2. P. 2. . 2. 2. 2. 4 , - , - . 997 . - , . 6 ?. - - , , - , , . 2002 . -.- .- , , ( 1999 .) . , -,. ( , , , ). , - , - . , 2003 . , , -, . 2003 . - . . 2003 . -.15 , , . , ( , , . .), ( -, , , , , ).5 20- - . , . .62 8 , . 2004 . -, 2005 . (2500 -) ( 2020 .) , ., - .- . .16 , , , . (, , ), , .17, , , , . , . , , -, , , , - , - . . , -,,, , 6 , . .7 -, ( ). . , , ( . - // . 2005. 25 ; . // . 2005. 2 ).6 ?. , - , , - . , , -, --.18 2005 . -( ). - . , , - . - . 2005 . . - -. , - . , , ,- . , . . 2006 .- . ( );, ,- . 2006 . , - - , . 8,2005 .- . , -..,- , .64 88.2. , , ., ( )-, - . - . - .19 , -, , . - . , . - , - .20 .999 .7%96% ( Country Study Moldova. Forein Trade [ . - Country Study Moldova. Forein Trade [ . - Country Study Moldova. Forein Trade [ . - Country Study Moldova. Forein Trade [ . - Study Moldova. Forein Trade [ . - Study Moldova. Forein Trade [ . - Moldova. Forein Trade [ . - Moldova. Forein Trade [ . - . Forein Trade [ . - Forein Trade [ . - Trade [ . - Trade [ . - [ . -http://lcwebz.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstd:@feld(DOCID+md0043)). . 42%() 6%, 8% 2% (Country Study Moldova. riculture Country Study Moldova. riculture Country Study Moldova. riculture Country Study Moldova. riculture Study Moldova. riculture Study Moldova. riculture Moldova. riculture Moldova. riculture . riculture riculture [ . http://lcwebz.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstd:@feld(DOCID+md0038); Country Study Moldova. Industry [ . - Country Study Moldova. Industry [ . - Country Study Moldova. Industry [ . - Country Study Moldova. Industry [ . - Country Study Moldova. Industry [ . - Study Moldova. Industry [ . - Study Moldova. Industry [ . - Moldova. Industry [ . - Moldova. Industry [ . - . Industry [ . - Industry [ . - [ . - http://lcwebz.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstd:@feld(DOCID+md0039))..20,2,5%5%-,40%(Republic of Moldova Republic of Moldova of Moldova of Moldova Moldova Moldova 2004 rticle I Con- rticle I Con- I Con- I Con- Con- Con-sultationStaff Report; Public Information Notice on the Eecutive oard Discussion and Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Eecutive oard Discussion and Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Eecutive oard Discussion and Report; Public Information Notice on the Eecutive oard Discussion and Report; Public Information Notice on the Eecutive oard Discussion and ; Public Information Notice on the Eecutive oard Discussion and Public Information Notice on the Eecutive oard Discussion and Information Notice on the Eecutive oard Discussion and Information Notice on the Eecutive oard Discussion and Notice on the Eecutive oard Discussion and Notice on the Eecutive oard Discussion and on the Eecutive oard Discussion and on the Eecutive oard Discussion and the Eecutive oard Discussion and the Eecutive oard Discussion and Eecutive oard Discussion and Eecutive oard Discussion and oard Discussion and oard Discussion and Discussion and Discussion and and and Statement by the Eecutive Director for the Republic of Moldova [ . by the Eecutive Director for the Republic of Moldova [ . by the Eecutive Director for the Republic of Moldova [ . the Eecutive Director for the Republic of Moldova [ . the Eecutive Director for the Republic of Moldova [ . Eecutive Director for the Republic of Moldova [ . Eecutive Director for the Republic of Moldova [ . Director for the Republic of Moldova [ . Director for the Republic of Moldova [ . for the Republic of Moldova [ . for the Republic of Moldova [ . the Republic of Moldova [ . the Republic of Moldova [ . Republic of Moldova [ . Republic of Moldova [ . of Moldova [ . of Moldova [ . Moldova [ . Moldova [ . [ . http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2005/cr0548.pdf..6).-,990- .90% ( Country Study Moldova. Enery and Fuel Country Study Moldova. Enery and Fuel Country Study Moldova. Enery and Fuel Country Study Moldova. Enery and Fuel Study Moldova. Enery and Fuel Study Moldova. Enery and Fuel Moldova. Enery and Fuel Moldova. Enery and Fuel . Enery and Fuel Enery and Fuel and Fuel and Fuel Fuel Fuel [ . http://lcwebz.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstd:@feld(DOCID+md0040)). 65 ? , , , .21 - - . -. - , , - , -, (1993 .) . . . ( -), . 1990- . 10(19901999 .). -1990-.19901996 . . - 1990 . - - , (19921993 .), (9,7% 1996 .), -, , .2,5 -0,5 . 00 ,,,,,-.(. . , 200 [ .http://www.cisr-md.org/pdf/0111%20Transnistria_Report_En_Final%20RUS.pdf. . 2).2RepublicofMoldovaPovertyReductionStrateyPaper.IMFCountryReportNo. 04/95,December2004[ . . . . . http://www.imf.org/ex-ternal/pubs/ft/scr/2004/cro4395.pdf. P. 7. P. 7. . 7. 7. 7. 66 81997 . . , 11,4%. - 1,6%, 12%, . 1998 . -, , 60% .22(19981999 .), 10%, 25, 20%. - , 50%.23 - 2,5 1997 - 1999 . - . - . 1998 . 18,3%, 1999 43,7.24 -, , , . .25. 1990- . ,- . 1999 . 34% 1989 ., 32,- 50%. , 22 Republic of Moldova Poverty Reduction Stratey Paper. P. 9. 9.2 Ibid. Ibid. .24 Ibid. Ibid. .25999 .-($2,5-) 6,7% 4,4 997 . (Country ssistance Country ssistance ssistance ssistance Stratey for the Republic of Moldova. International Development ssociation. Document for the Republic of Moldova. International Development ssociation. Document for the Republic of Moldova. International Development ssociation. Document the Republic of Moldova. International Development ssociation. Document the Republic of Moldova. International Development ssociation. Document Republic of Moldova. International Development ssociation. Document Republic of Moldova. International Development ssociation. Document of Moldova. International Development ssociation. Document of Moldova. International Development ssociation. Document Moldova. International Development ssociation. Document Moldova. International Development ssociation. Document .International Development ssociation. Document InternationalDevelopment ssociation.Document oftheWorldank.ReportNo.28556-MD,November2,2004[ . . . . . wdsbeta.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSLContentServer/IW3P/IB/2005/01/04/000012009_20050104134613/Rendered/PDF/28556.pdf.. ). . ). .). 25% 990 ., - 7, , - (), ,% (Ibid. P. 20). Ibid. P. 20). . P. 20). P. 20). . 20). 20). 20).67 ? 10 11% 1989 .26 - . - , -. - . - . , . 1998 . - , , , - , - , (). - . - , , - ,,- 2001 .,, - . - , ,, . , -,,, . . , - 2000 . , -26 Republic of Moldova Poverty Reduction Stratey Paper. P. 9.68 8 , , . . . - . , - . , -, . , -. , , 2005 ., , - , , , . 2004 . - . 20042005 . . - 2005 ., , -, , . 19981999 .? . 2000 . - - . - , ; , ; , - , . 2000 2003 . 24,1%, - 54,1, 21,5%.2720042005 .28 27 Republic of Moldova Poverty Reduction Stratey Paper P. 9, 8.28 , 2004 . 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% , 2004 . 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% , 2004 . 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% , 2004 . 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% , 2004 . 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% , 2004 . 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% , 2004 . 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% 2004 . 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% 2004 . 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% 7,%, 2005 . 7,0% 2005 . 7,0% 2005 . 7,0% 7,0% 7,0% (World Economic Outlook Globalization and Infation. pril 2006 [ . . . . . http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/06/01/pdf/ statappx.pdf. P. 85). ). 69 ? - 7,3% 2000 15,6 2003 . ( 2004 . , 6,9%).29 . , , . 20012002 . ( -) 20032004 . ,-(15,7% 2003 12,5 2004 .).30 ,31 - - , - ., . 2004 . - 2003 .(+0,7%), 2004 . (1,1%). ,20052007.2% .32 2005 .,-, 2004 . 25%. - . -20052007.- 44%.3329 . / . -, 2005 [- . http://www.cisr-md.org/pdf/0507%20transnistria-rus.pdf. . 6. 0 . 2005 ., , ,9% (World ., , ,9% (World ., , ,9% (World World Economic Outlook Globalization and Infation. pril 2006 [ . Outlook Globalization and Infation. pril 2006 [ . Outlook Globalization and Infation. pril 2006 [ . Globalization and Infation. pril 2006 [ . Globalization and Infation. pril 2006 [ . and Infation. pril 2006 [ . and Infation. pril 2006 [ . Infation. pril 2006 [ . Infation. pril 2006 [ . . pril 2006 [ . pril 2006 [ . 2006 [ . http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/06/01/pdf/ statappx.pdf. P. 85). P. 85). . 85). 85). 85).
, $0 - 2,5% , 22,5% (Republic of Moldova Republic of Moldova of Moldova of Moldova Moldova Moldova 2004 rticle I ConsultationStaff Report. P. 2). rticle I ConsultationStaff Report. P. 2). I ConsultationStaff Report. P. 2). I ConsultationStaff Report. P. 2). ConsultationStaff Report. P. 2). ConsultationStaff Report. P. 2). Staff Report. P. 2). Staff Report. P. 2). Report. P. 2). Report. P. 2). . P. 2). P. 2). . 2). 2). 2). 2 Republic of Moldova 2004 rticle I ConsultationStaff Report. P. 20, 29.
Ibid. P. 20, 2.70 8- - . , , .2004 . . - ( ) 2004 . 36,5% 50%, - 2003 . -. 17,3% 2001 . 12,5 2003 8,4% 2004 .34 . -, - . . 2002 . 75%, 85, - 95, 100 54% - . , , - . - . , 20002002 . 50% 2002 .35 - . -, , , 1990- ., . , -, - -.1990- . , -. , , , . . 2002 . (49,6%), 21,0%. 17,3% 11,4% . , - 4 Ibid. P. 552.5 Republic of Moldova Poverty Reduction Stratey Paper. P. 9. . 9. 9. 9.7 ?. - , . 2002 . 50% , , 72%, .36 , , , - , . , - , , - .-, (17,1% 2003 .) .37 , . -. - . 2003 . 4,4% (1999 .). , ,.2001 .19,5% , 2002 11,5.38-, - . . , , - , , , . , .- , . - . -2123%20002002 .,31,8 2003,29,0% 2004 .39-6 Ibid. Ibid. .7 ,% 200 . 5,6 2004 ( . . 6).8 Republic of Moldova Poverty Reduction Stratey Paper. P. 920.9 Republic of Moldova 2004 rticle I ConsultationStaff Report. P. 0.72 8 , .-, , -- - . . . 80% , 20% 40% - . , . . - (43%), , . - 37%, 71.40( )-. - . , . 2005 . . - (80%) . . , . .2005 . 1000 3 . -$160 ( , - $60 $110, $8095 $120). ($230), - - 2006 . $95. - , 100% 40 Republic of Moldova Poverty Reduction Stratey Paper. P. 20.7 ? ( - $220 , $560 ). , - ., 910%. ,-. 2,0%, 1516 - 25%. 30% , 65, 75%.41 , - 2006 ., - , , . - -- , , , - , , .2006 . -, .42 , - 30% - , ( 4 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. 2005 [ . . 2005 [ . 2005 [ . http://www.cisr-md.org/ROM/Notes%202005%20rus/note13.html.42, .- , 2006 ., , - . ,- , . - , - , , ( ., . // . 2006. 6. . 4). 74 8 , -) 2006 . 2006 . : (-5,9%, - 14, 28%), 21,6%.43 , -( )- ,- () - . , -(, , -, , , , -, ,, ) ,- , , .44 . - : - , - .45 4.[.http://www.cisr-md.org/ROM/Notes%202006%20rus/note7.htm.,, ,.-, , , , 52%.,,,70% , ( 95% ). 200 $700 . ,050. , 8020 . , ( ., - . . . . 45).44 . . . 45 . 75 ?8.3. . - . - , . - 2000 ., - - $817,3 , , .46 - , , :2000 . 19,3%, 2001 23,4, 2002 34,0, 2003 32,2 2004 . 33,3%. , , :2000 . 21,7%, 2001 21,3, 2002 22,3, 2003 26,7 2004 . 30,1%.47 ?,, , . . . 1990- . - :4819901991: , -46. .,200[. http://www.cisr-md.org/pdf/0311%20transn-research%20RUS.pdf. . . 47. .8 2005[.http://www.cisr-md.org/ROM/Notes%202005%20rus/note8.html. , , - (70% ) ( 60%) (. ).48 . . , 200 [ . http://www.cisr-md.org/pdf/0306%20Transnistria%20-%20Initiatives%20and% 20risks% 20RUS.pdf. . . 76 8, ;1992: - , , - -,-;19931995: . -, - ;1996 2001:-,- , ;2001: 2001 . - ,,20%- , . -, - , - ;2006 .: , - - . . ,. - 5 (20002004 .) . 1. , , - , , (-, ),- . - 1997 ., - 1998 . . 77 ? 1 : : . . 3637.78 8 - , - , .49 2001 ., . 2002 . 18,7%. .1990- . . 2000 . - -, .- ., (/,-) , . , 2000 . 409,7 96,9% . 2004 . , . 309,7%, 106,4.50 , , - . ,- -. 2000 . 100%, 2001 . 110,6%, 2002 91,9, 2003 122,6 2004 . 155,0%. - , , ( 2004 .), 20002004 . 42,7 63,0% .51 49 . . 2. 50 .. 22.5 . -. , ,5 996 . 577645 . 20002002 . ,0,2 . 200 ., . ( . . 4). , . 2002 . -, . - , , 79 ?2004 .24,1% 24,2 . , - -. $5090 ,52 . - - (), 63,7% (2004 .). 60,6% (2004 .) , , - , - , - . 22,8% ( ), -. ( 2003 .) . - - 2004 . 60,0%.53 , , . - -(11,113,6%), 10,2%2000 1,7 2004 . 20002004 . - $158 , ($775 ).54 1991 . . - , .1997 . . 50% ( / - . , 200 [ . - http://www.cisr-md.org/pdf/0111%20Transnistria_Report_En_Final%20RUS.pdf. . 0). , . 52 . . 9.5 . . 0.54 . . 2.80 8 . - .2002 . , 2002 ..- 1991 . : . 35 . . , ,,,.55 - . -Nordic ,56- are Grop 2004 . . 37 - 2004 . . 37 - 2004 . . 37 - , 11 - , (4 ), (4) (2).57 . 2003 . - -. .5855 . . 5. 56 , , , , -(Zarakhovich Yu u Yu. Putins Critical dviser [ . Putins Critical dviser [ . Putins Critical dviser [ . Putins Critical dviser [ . Putins Critical dviser [ . Putins Critical dviser [ . s Critical dviser [ . s Critical dviser [ . Critical dviser [ . Critical dviser [ . dviser [ . dviser [ . [. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8559,1145192,00).- , -(-),, ( ., . // . 2005. 25 . . 0). , , . 57 . . . 58 . , 2004 . . 6500 , , -8 ?- ( - ). - , , , - , . 2006 . - -. --2006 .59 2003 . , . , 12 2003 ., , , -, - . -,,: ; -/- , - 0,18%; ; - . 320 . (, 99 ( . . .). - . 59 - / / , , 28 2006 . [ . - http://www.cisr-md.org/ROM/Notes%202006%20rus/note6.htm.82 8)60 30 2004 . , -- - - - . 17 2004 . - 20 2004 . 11 -. - . , -, . - , 01 2005 . 02 2005 . ,- . - , - - , . , , , 3 2006 . - 3 .,,-- , , , . - , - . , -- ( , - - ( , - -(,-.), -60 , ( , ).8 ? ( , -, ). , . -. , 58 - 55 . , , 3 19 - 4,0% 15,0 . ( -);- ; ( , ) - (, , , .) . , - - (, , ), . - 29 2006 ., 3 $185 . 52,6%,$185 , $140 , - 55,8% , -50%., ( $32 ), .61 : 5 + 2 (, , , , ) ; - ; . 6 $85 [-. http://www.polit.ru/news/2006/05/29 /poteri185.html.84 88.4. ? . . -- - --. . , . ., -, , -- . , , , . , , , , .62 - , ,: , . - :-, , , ; -, - . , ( ,,) . - 2003 . - . -62 , , - , - - , , , ,-(. .4 2004[.http://www.cisr-md.org /ROM/ Notes%202004%20rus/note14.html. 85 ? 2005 . -. - , - . :1. (-, , ).2. (-, , ).3. ( -, , , ).4. , , - ( ).5. ( , , , , - ). . (20042006 .), , . , , - : - 20052007 . ;(-) 2009 ., ( ) 2012 .; 2015 ., , .,,,(- !). . -,,, . , . 86 8, . : , - , -, ., ,.63, , , , - . , ? , ?6 . . [ . http://www.polit.ru/lectures/2005/10/05/ furman.html.