ssrn-id1103644

GEORGETOWN LAW Working Papers

March 2008

A Comparative Bibliography: Regulatory Competition on Corporate Law

Kagan Kocaoglu, Esq. (pronounced Cahn Kojaolu) J.S.D. Candidate, Georgetown University Law Center

LL.M., 2004, University of Virginia School of Law [email protected]

(202) 997 - 0917

This paper can be downloaded without charge from:

SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1103644

Posted with permission of the author

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A COMPARATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY:

REGULATORY COMPETITION ON CORPORATE LAW

KAĞAN KOCAOĞLU

INTRODUCTION

Academicians of American corporate law have discussed the effects of regulatory

competition for over the last three decades. The span and the range of the debate have

brought a great deal of scholarship on this issue. This comparative bibliography selects

and indexes the contributions made by lawyers, economists, and judges on the role of the

regulatory competition on corporate laws.

Substantial state corporate codifications, landmark state corporate law cases, and

federal intervention in the domain of state corporate law increase the magnitude of the

academic works. Interdisciplinary studies (i.e. law and economics) became a connection

device among legal academia and non-legal disciplines.1 Likewise, regulatory

competition studies became a socializing device and a mechanism for breaking into the

corporate-law academia. Therefore, emergence of new corporate law scholars also affects

the multitude of works significantly.

The popularity of the study of corporate law regulatory competition has spread

overseas from the United States. In effect, the academic discourse in the U.S. alters the

European research agenda. A new academic market for regulatory competition has been

introduced and expanded throughout Europe. Although it is unlikely that a European

Delaware will emerge, European academia is likely to contribute more to the academic

discourse.

In spite of the depth and breadth of the discussion, some aspects of regulatory

competition in corporate law are still neglected. It is interesting that the corporate law

1 Jonathan R. Macey, Legal Scholarship: A Corporate Scholar‘s Perspective, 41 San Diego L. Rev. 1759,

1762 (2004).

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academia has stayed quiet against the promulgation of Chapter 9 of the Model Business

Corporation Act, a regulation which is decreasing the costs associated with corporate

mobility, corporate conversions in the healthcare sector, outbound tax inversions and the

Congressional response against tax inversions. Nevertheless, the academic neglect of this

topic is understandable as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has largely occupied academia’s

attention. This bibliography covers these topics, however, as they are directly linked to

the heart of the regulatory competition in corporate law.

The bibliography has been divided into four chapters. First chapter analyzes the

interrelationship between regulatory competition and corporate law. It addresses the goals

and limits of the law, inter-jurisdictional competition on business organization laws,

federalism, selection of the legal platform of a business organization, legal and economic

factors affecting such selection, and transactions effectuated in order to perform a

jurisdictional change. Some independent subjects concerning corporate mobility, such as

appraisal rights, are not covered.

The second chapter focuses on charter competition literature in the United States.

Its themes include the historical development of the charter market, the political

foundations and dynamics of the U.S. charter market, the clash between the government

discipline school and the market discipline school, dimensions of the charter market and

empirical studies on shareholder wealth. The third chapter is on the proposed remedies to

the charter market failure. This chapter collects literature about the boundaries of

congressional authority, federalization of the corporate law proposals, opinions

supporting and opposing the federalization, and federal interventions to the corporate

law.

The final chapter accumulates the comparative side of the discussion. This chapter

focuses on primarily the European Union and other major federations. Harmonization,

regulatory competition, and corporate mobility within the European Union in addition to

literature on the European Company (Societas Europaea), the role of the takeover market

in the European Union and the development of European jurisprudence on corporate

mobility are covered in the final chapter. This chapter finishes with selected studies on

individual countries.

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The dynamics that shape the regulatory competition in corporate law determine the

outlook of corporate law. Therefore, corporate practitioners will largely benefit if the

entire dynamics of the state competition in the charter market were definitively solved.

However, we are still far away from this point as the law and economics approach is still

in early stage of development and is not yet mature enough to solve the mysteries of the

regulatory competition. In addition, differences in view2 complicate reconciliation efforts

between schools of thought. Thus, the discussion is not likely to fade and regulatory

competition issues still prove to be a fertile setting for academic writing.

Kağan Kocaoğlu, Esq.

2 In fact, most commentators indicate that the current academic debate results from the differences in the

world views rather than impending corporate law issues (See, Seymour J. Rubin, Corporations and Society:

The Remedy of Federal and International Incorporation, 23 Am. U. L. Rev. 263, 288 (1969) (indicating

that “[a] substantial problem is the divisiveness of the case for federal chartering”); Roberta Romano,

Metapolitics and Corporate Law Reform, 36 Stan. L. Rev. 923, 25 (1984) (stating that “many controversies

over corporate law reform can be explained as pertaining to fundamental political disagreements”)).

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. REGULATORY COMPETITION AND CORPORATE LAW ............................................ 9

A. THE ROLE OF CORPORATE LAW .............................................................................................. 9 (1) IN GENERAL ............................................................................................................................ 9 (2) LAW MATTERS THEORY ........................................................................................................ 9 (3) BOUNDARIES OF THE LAW ..................................................................................................... 9 (4) LAW VS. MARKETS ............................................................................................................... 10 B. REGULATORY COMPETITION ............................................................................................. 11 (1) THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................ 11 (2) DECENTRALIZED LEGAL SYSTEMS ...................................................................................... 12 (3) INTRAGOVERNMENTAL COMPETITION ................................................................................. 12 (4) REGULATORY COMPETITION IN CORPORATE LAW .............................................................. 13 (5) TAX COMPETITION AND THE ROLE OF TAXATION ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ............. 13 (6) INVESTMENT PROMOTION .................................................................................................... 14 C. SELECTION OF THE LEGAL PLATFORM ............................................................................. 14 (1) REGULATORY ARBITRAGE ................................................................................................... 14 (2) PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF COMPANIES .................................................................. 15 (5) TRANSNATIONAL REGULATORY COMPETITION ................................................................... 15 D. FEDERALISM AND CORPORATE LAW .................................................................................... 16 (1) ECONOMIC FEDERALISM .......................................................................................................... 16 (2) IMPACT OF FEDERALISM ON CORPORATE LAW ....................................................................... 17 (3) FEDERAL – STATE RELATIONS ................................................................................................. 17 (4) STATE JURISDICTION OVER FOREIGN CORPORATIONS ............................................................ 18 (5) INTERNAL AFFAIRS DOCTRINE................................................................................................ 18 (4) CORPORATE CHOICE OF LAW .................................................................................................. 19 (5) MULTIPLE INCORPORATIONS .................................................................................................. 20 (6) STATE RETALIATORY LAWS .................................................................................................... 21 (7) PSEUDO-FOREIGN (“TRAMP”) CORPORATIONS........................................................................ 21 (8) STATE FRANCHISE TAXES ........................................................................................................ 21 E. CORPORATE MOBILITY ........................................................................................................... 22 (1) STATE LEGISLATION (DOMESTICATION, REINCORPORATION & CONVERSION) ...................... 22 (2) TAX CONSEQUENCES OF A CORPORATE FORUM SHIFT ........................................................... 22 (3) OFF-SHORE TAX INVERSIONS .................................................................................................. 23 (4) CROSS – LISTINGS .................................................................................................................... 25 (5) ENTITY TRANSFORMATION TRANSACTIONS ............................................................................ 25 (6) ENTITY CONVERSIONS IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR ............................................................. 26 (7) WAR TIME DOMICILE CHANGES .............................................................................................. 26 (8) SHAREHOLDER ACCESS TO FORUM SELECTION AND FEDERAL REINFORCEMENT .................. 26 (9) POSITION FOR AN EXIT ............................................................................................................. 27 F. REGULATORY MOTION ........................................................................................................... 27 (1) REGULATORY PENDULUM........................................................................................................ 27 (2) IMPACT OF CRISES ON REGULATION ........................................................................................ 27 (3) INDETERMINACY AND LEGAL COMPLEXITY ............................................................................ 28 (4) LEGAL TRANSPLANTS .............................................................................................................. 28 G. REGULATORY COMPETITION IN NON-CORPORATE FORUMS .............................................. 29 (1) ANTITRUST COMPETITION ....................................................................................................... 29

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(2) BANKRUPTCY COMPETITION ................................................................................................... 29 (3) COMPETITION FOR TRUST FUNDS ............................................................................................ 29 (4) REGULATORY COMPETITION IN TRANSNATIONAL FINANCE ................................................... 29

II. CHARTER MARKET COMPETITION ............................................................................. 30

A. PRODUCTS IN THE CHARTER MARKET .................................................................................. 30 (1) DELAWARE CORPORATE LAW ................................................................................................. 30 (2) MODEL BUSINESS CORPORATION ACT .................................................................................... 31 (3) NON-DELAWARE STATE CORPORATE LAWS .......................................................................... 31 (4) EUROPEAN PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................. 31 B. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CORPORATE CHARTER MARKET ............................. 32 (1) HISTORICAL PROGRESS ............................................................................................................ 32 (2) RETROSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVES ............................................................................................... 35 (3) PATH DEPENDENCY ................................................................................................................. 35 C. DOCTRINAL FOUNDATIONS .................................................................................................... 35 (1) GOVERNMENT DISCIPLINE SCHOOL (RACE TO THE BOTTOM) ................................................. 35 (2) ANTI-BUSINESS SENTIMENT .................................................................................................... 37 (3) BANKRUPTCY REFORM ............................................................................................................ 37 (4) MARKET DISCIPLINE SCHOOL (RACE TO THE TOP) ................................................................. 37 (5) INTERMEDIATE VIEWS ............................................................................................................. 39 D. POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE CHARTER MARKET ....................................................... 39 (1) REGULATORY HOSTAGE THEORY ............................................................................................ 39 (2) INTEREST GROUP THEORY ....................................................................................................... 40 (3) THE LAWYER’S ROLE IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE .............................................................. 42 (4) CORPORATE LAW DRAFTING PROCESS .................................................................................... 43 (5) POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ...................................................... 43 (6) PUBLIC CHOICE THEORY.......................................................................................................... 43 (7) DEMOCRACY AND CHARTER COMPETITION ............................................................................ 44 E. DIMENSIONS OF CHARTER MARKET ...................................................................................... 44 (1) CHARTER MARKET DYNAMICS ................................................................................................ 44 (2) INNOVATION IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS LAW ................................................................... 45 (3) DENSITY DEPENDENT VIEW (NETWORK EFFECTS THEORY) ................................................... 45 (4) SYMBIOTIC FEDERALISM AND THE DUAL CONTROL OF THE CORPORATIONS ......................... 46 (5) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CONVERGENCE ............................................................................ 47 (6) TAKEOVER MARKET DYNAMICS ............................................................................................. 48 (7) THE ROLE OF JUDICIARY .......................................................................................................... 51 (8) CHARTER MARKET FAILURE.................................................................................................... 53 (A) STRENGTH OF COMPETITION IN THE CHARTER MARKET ........................................................ 54 (B) PRICE DISCRIMINATION ........................................................................................................... 54 (C) INDETERMINACY ...................................................................................................................... 54 (9) MOBILITY IN THE CHARTER MARKET ...................................................................................... 54 (A) HOME STATE BIAS ................................................................................................................... 54 (B) HERD BEHAVIOR ...................................................................................................................... 54 (10) MORAL & CULTURAL DIMENSIONS ....................................................................................... 55 F. EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON SHAREHOLDERS’ WEALTH ............................................................ 55 (1) MODELS ................................................................................................................................... 55 (2) STATE COMPETITION................................................................................................................ 55 (3) REINCORPORATION EFFECTS ................................................................................................... 56 (4) DELAWARE JUDICIAL DECISIONS’ ROLE ................................................................................. 56

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(5) TAKEOVER MARKET’S ROLE ................................................................................................... 57

III. FEDERALIZATION OF THE CORPORATE LAW ....................................................... 58

A. THE EXTENT OF CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORITY ........................................................................ 58 B. FEDERALIZATION MOVEMENTS ................................................................................................ 59 (1) CONGRESSIONAL MOVEMENTS ............................................................................................ 59 (2) HARMONIZATION PROPOSALS .............................................................................................. 59 (3) FEDERALIZATION PROPOSALS .............................................................................................. 59 (4) FEDERAL EXPANSION IN CORPORATE LAW .......................................................................... 60 C. VIEWS ON THE FEDERALIZATION OF THE CORPORATE LAW .................................................... 61 (1) CALLS FOR FURTHER ASSESSMENT OF THE FEDERALIZATION ................................................ 61 (2) SUPPORT FOR FEDERALIZATION .............................................................................................. 61 (3) SUPPORT FOR A LIMITED FEDERAL INTERFERENCE ................................................................. 62 (4) OPPOSITION TO FEDERALIZATION ............................................................................................ 63 (5) INTERMEDIATE ASSESSMENTS ................................................................................................. 64

IV. COMPARATIVE LAW ....................................................................................................... 64

A. EUROPEAN UNION ................................................................................................................... 64 (1) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: THE EUROPEAN UNION VS. THE UNITED STATES ....................... 64 (2) GOVERNANCE OF THE EUROPEAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE .......................................... 65 (A) EUROPEAN UNION FEDERALISM .............................................................................................. 65 (B) SUBSIDIARITY .......................................................................................................................... 65 (C) THE ROLE OF POLITICS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION .................................................................. 65 (3) CORPORATE-LAW PRODUCTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION .................................................... 65 (A) REGULATORY COMPETITION ................................................................................................... 65 (B) COMPANY LAW HARMONIZATION ........................................................................................... 69 (C) EUROPEAN TAKEOVER MARKET ............................................................................................. 72 (D) EUROPEAN INSOLVENCY FORUM COMPETITION ..................................................................... 74 (E) DELAWARIZATION FEARS ........................................................................................................ 74 (4) FORUM SELECTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ......................................................................... 75 (A) CHOICE OF LAW WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION .................................................................... 75 (B) CONFLICT OF LAWS RULES WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION ................................................... 75 (C) FOREIGN COMPANY RECOGNITION.......................................................................................... 75 (D) CORPORATE MOBILITY WITHIN THE E.U. ................................................................................ 76 (E) THE EUROPEAN COMPANY (SOCIETAS EUROPAEA) .................................................................. 78 (F) THE EUROPEAN PRIVATE COMPANY ........................................................................................ 80 (5) DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN JURISPRUDENCE ............................................................... 81 (A) IN GENERAL ............................................................................................................................. 81 (B) CENTROS .................................................................................................................................. 81 (C) UBERSEERING .......................................................................................................................... 83 (D) INSPIRE ART ............................................................................................................................. 83 (E) HUGHES DE LASTEYRIE DU SAILLANT ..................................................................................... 84 (F) MARKS & SPENCER .................................................................................................................. 84 (G) SEVIC ...................................................................................................................................... 85 B. AUSTRALIA ............................................................................................................................... 85 C. CANADA .................................................................................................................................... 86 D. CHINA ....................................................................................................................................... 86

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E. GERMANY ................................................................................................................................. 86 F. ITALY ........................................................................................................................................ 86 G. JAPAN ....................................................................................................................................... 87 H. SWITZERLAND ......................................................................................................................... 87 I. EMERGING MARKETS ............................................................................................................... 87

INDEXES ..................................................................................................................................... 88

INSTITUTIONS INDEX .............................................................................................................. 88 AUTHOR INDEX ......................................................................................................................... 88

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I. REGULATORY COMPETITION AND CORPORATE LAW

A. The Role of Corporate Law

(1) In General

(2) Henry Hansmann & Reinier Kraakman, The Essential Role of the Organizational Law, 110

Yale L. J. 387, 391 (Dec., 2000).

(3) Zohar Goshen & Gideon Parchomovsky. The Essential Role of Securities Regulation, 55

Duke L.J. 711-782 (2006).

(2) Law Matters Theory

(4) Ernest L. Folk, III, Does State Corporation Law Have a Future?, J. Ga, S. B. 311 (Feb.

1972).

(5) John E. Coffee, Jr., Do Norms Matter--A Cross-Country Evaluation, 149 U. Pa. L. Rev. 2151

(2000-2001).

(6) Kon-sik Kim & Joongi Kim, Revamping Fiduciary Duties in Korea: Does Law Matter to

Corporate Governance, in GLOBAL MARKETS, DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONS: CORPORATE LAW

AND GOVERNANCE IN A NEW ERA OF CROSS-BORDER DEALS 372 (Curtis J. Milhaupt eds.,

New York: 2003).

(3) Boundaries of the Law

(7) Bernard S. Black, Is Corporate Law Trivial?: A Political and Economical Analysis, 84 Nw.

U. L. Rev. 542 (1990).

(8) Martin Lipton, Corporate Governance: Does it Make a Difference, 2 Fordham Fin. Sec. Tax

L. F. 41 (1997).

(9) Mark J. Roe, Rents and Their Corporate Consequences, 53 Stan. L. Rev. 1463 (2001).

(10) Symposium Norms & Corporate Law: Marcel Kahan, The Limited Significance of Norms for

Corporate Governance, 149 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1869, 1878 fn. 35 (June, 2001).

(11) Mark J. Roe, Corporate Law's Limits, 31 J. Leg. Stud. 233 (2002).

(12) Mark J. Roe, What Corporate Law Can Not Do?, in GLOBAL MARKETS, DOMESTIC

INSTITUTIONS: CORPORATE LAW AND GOVERNANCE IN A NEW ERA OF CROSS-BORDER

DEALS 107 (Curtis J. Milhaupt eds., New York: 2003).

10

(13) Michael Klausner, The Limits of Corporate Law in Promoting Good Corporate Governance,

in RESTORING TRUST IN AMERICAN BUSINESS, 91 (Jay W. Lorsch, Leslie Berlowitz, & Andy

Zelleke eds.) (MIT Press; 2005).

(14) Luca Enriques, EC Company Law Directives and Regulations: How Trivial are They?, 27 U.

Pa. J. Int'l Econ. L. 1 (Spring, 2006).

(4) Law vs. Markets

(15) JAMES WILLARD HURST, LAW AND MARKETS IN UNITED STATES HISTORY: DIFFERENT

MODES OF BARGAINING AMONG INTERESTS (The Law Book Exchange 2001) (1982).

(16) NICHOLAS WOLFSON, THE MODERN CORPORATION: FREE MARKETS V. REGULATION (Free

Press 1984).

(17) Edward S. Herman, The Limits of the Market as a Discipline in Corporate Governance, 9

Del. J. Corp. L. 530 (Spring, 1985).

(18) Frank H. Easterbrook, The Constitution of Business, 11 Geo. Mason L. Rev. 53 (1988).

(19) Bernard Black & Reinier Kraakman, A Self-Enforcing Model of Corporate Law, 109 Harv. L.

Rev. 1911 (Jun., 1996).

(20) Frank H. Easterbrook, International Corporate Differences: Markets or Law?, 9 J. Applied

Corp. Finance 23 (Winter 1997).

(21) Kerry Shannon Burke, Regulating Corporate Governance through the Market: Comparing

the Approaches of the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom

27 J. Corp. L. 341 (2001-2002).

(22) Stephen J. Choi, Law, Finance, and Path Dependence: Developing Strong Securities

Markets, 80 Tex. L. Rev. 1657 (2002).

(23) Vladimir A. Atanasov, Bernard S. Black, Conrad S. Ciccotello, & Stanley Gyoshev, How

Does Law Affect Finance? An Empirical Examination of Tunneling in an Emerging Market

(William Davidson Institute Working Paper No. 742; 2005) available at < http://ssrn.com/

abstract=423506>

(24) Horst Siebert, Corporatist versus Market Approaches to Governance, in CORPORATE

GOVERNANCE IN CONTEXT: CORPORATIONS, STATES, AND MARKETS IN EUROPE, JAPAN,

AND THE US, 281 (Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy Wymeersch, Hideka Kanda & Harald Baum eds.)

(Oxford University Press, 2005).

(25) Anthony I. Ogus, Regulatory Paternalism: When is it Justified?, in CORPORATE

GOVERNANCE IN CONTEXT: CORPORATIONS, STATES, AND MARKETS IN EUROPE, JAPAN,

AND THE US, 303 (Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy Wymeersch, Hideka Kanda & Harald Baum eds.)


(26) Davide Lombardo & Marco Pagano, Law and Equity Markets: A Simple Model, in

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REGIMES: CONVERGENCE AND DIVERSITY, 343 (Joseph

McCahery ed.) (Oxford University Press; 2002).

(27) Enrico Perotti & Ernst-Ludwig von Thadden, Investor Dominance and Strategic

Transparency: on the Role of the Corporate Governance for Product and Capital Market

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Competition, in CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REGIMES: CONVERGENCE AND DIVERSITY, 363

(Joseph McCahery ed.) (Oxford University Press; 2002).

B. Regulatory Competition

(1) Theoretical Framework

(28) Friedrich A. Hayek, The Use of Knowledge in Society, 35 Am. Econ. Rev. 519 (Sep. 1945).

(29) Charles M. Tiebout, A Pure Theory of Local Expenditure, 64 J. Pol. Econ. 416 (1956).

(30) James M. Buchanan, An Economic Theory of Clubs, 32 Economica 1 (Feb., 1965).

(31) ALBERT O. HIRSCHMAN, EXIT, VOICE AND LOYALTY: RESPONSES TO DECLINE IN FIRMS,

ORGANIZATIONS, AND STATES (Harvard 1970).

(32) William J. Baumol & Alfred G. Walton, Full Costing, Competition and Regulatory Practice,

82 Yale L. J. 639 (1972-1973).

(33) Albert O. Hirschman, "Exit, Voice, and Loyalty": Further Reflections and a Survey of Recent

Contributions, 1 Soc. Sci. Inf. 7 (1974).

(34) Oliver E. Williamson, The Economics of Internal Organization: Exit and Voice in Relation to

Markets and Hierarchies, 66 Am. Econ. Rev. 369 (May, 1976).

(35) Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and the State, 31 World Pol. 90 (Oct., 1978).

(36) Wallace E. Oates & Robert M. Schwab, Economic Competition Among Jurisdictions:

Efficacy Enhancing or Distorting Inducing, 35 J. Pub. Econ. 333 (1988).

(37) ALBERT BRETON, COMPETITIVE GOVERNMENTS: AN ECONOMIC THEORY OF POLITICS AND

PUBLIC FINANCE (Cambridge University Press: 1996).

(38) William W. Bratton & Joseph A. McCahery, The New Economics of Jurisdictional

Competition: Devolutionary Federalism in a Second-Best World, 86 Geo. L.J. 201 (1997).

(39) Alan O. Sykes, Regulatory Competition or Regulatory Harmonization - A Silly Question, 3 J.

Int'l Econ. L. 257 (2000).

(40) Stanley L. Winer, On the Reassignment of Fiscal Powers in a Federal State, in COMPETITION

& STRUCTURE: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF COLLECTIVE DECISIONS: ESSAYS IN HONOR OF

ALBERT BRETON 239 (Gianluigi Galeotti, Pierre Salmon & Ronald Wintrobe eds.)

(Cambridge University Press: 2000).

(41) Catherine Barnard & Simon Deakin, Market Access and Regulatory Competition, in THE

LAW OF THE SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET: UNPACKING THE PREMISES 197 (Catherine

Barnard & Joanne Scott eds., Oxford: 2002)

(42) Shyam Sunder, Standards for Corporate Financial Reporting: Regulatory Competition

Within and Across International Boundaries, 21 J. Acct. & Pub. Pol. 219 (Autumn 2002)

(43) Wolfgang Kerber & Klaus Heine, Institutional Evolution, Regulatory Competition and Path

Dependence, in THE EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC POLICY, 191 (Pavel Pelikán &

Gerhard Wegner eds.) (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2003).

12

(44) András Kisfaludi, Corporate Governance and the Shareholders‘ Right to Exit (Theoretical

Questions and Legislative Answers from Hungary), 16 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 1367

(2005).

(45) Dale D. Murphy, Interjurisdictional Competition and Regulatory Advantage, 8 J. Int’l Econ.

L. 891 (Dec., 2005).

(46) Dale D. Murphy, The Business Dynamics of Global Regulatory Competition, in DYNAMICS

OF REGULATORY CHANGE: HOW GLOBALIZATION AFFECTS NATIONAL REGULATORY

POLICIES (David Vogel & Robert A. Kagan eds.) (Dec., 2004).

(47) James W. Williams, Private Legal Orders: Professional Markets and the Commodification of

Financial Governance, 15 Soc. & Leg. Stud. 209 (2006).

(2) Decentralized Legal Systems

(48) Mancur Olson, Jr., The Principle of "Fiscal Equivalence": The Division of Responsibilities

among Different Levels of Government, 59 Am. Econ. Rev. 479 (May, 1969)

(49) George J. Stigler, The Optimum Enforcement of Laws, 78 J. Pol. Econ, 526 (May - Jun.,

1970).

(50) George J. Stigler, The Theory of Economic Regulation, 2 Bell J. Econ. & Manag. Sci. 3

(Spring, 1971).

(51) Robert D. Cooter, Decentralized Law for a Complex Economy: The Structural Approach to

Adjudicating the New Law Merchant, 144 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1643 (May, 1996)

(52) Robert D. Cooter, The Structural Approach to Decentralizing Law: A Theory of Games and

Norms, in EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS LAW: LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSES ON

INTEGRATION AND HARMONIZATION 341 (Richard M. Buxbaum, Gerard Hertig, Alain Hirsch

& Klaus J. Hopt, eds.: 1996)

(53) Robert D. Cooter, Market Modernization of Law: Economic Development Through

Decentralized Law, in Jagdeep S. Bhandari & Alan O. Sykes (eds.), ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS

IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: COMPARATIVE AND EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVES 275 (Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1997).

(54) Albert Breton, Alberto Cassone, & Angela Fraschini, Decentralisation and Subsidiarity:

Toward a Theoretical Reconciliation, 19 U. Pa. J. Int'l Econ. L. 1 (1998).

(55) Richard M. Bird, Fiscal Decentralization and Competitive Governments, in COMPETITION &

STRUCTURE: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF COLLECTIVE DECISIONS: ESSAYS IN HONOR OF

ALBERT BRETON 129 (Gianluigi Galeotti, Pierre Salmon & Ronald Wintrobe eds.)

(Cambridge University Press: 2000).

(56) Robert D. Cooter, The Optimal Number of Governments for Economic Development, in

MARKET-AUGMENTING GOVERNMENT : THE INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS FOR PROSPERITY,

Omer Azfar & Charles A. Cadwell eds. (2003)

(3) Intragovernmental Competition

13

(57) J.R. DeShazo & Jody Freeman, The Congressional Competition to Control Delegated Power,

81 Tex. L. Rev. 1443, 1456 (2003).

(4) Regulatory Competition in Corporate Law

(58) Ronald J. Daniels, Should Provinces Compete? The Case for a Competitive Corporate Law

Market, 36 McGill L. J. 130 (1991).

(59) William J. Carney, Explaining the Shape of Corporate Law: The Role of Competition, 18

Manage. Decis. Econ. 611 (1997).

(60) William J. Carney, Federalism and Corporate Law: Conditions for Optimal Development

(Sept. 22, 1994) (unpublished manuscript, on file with the Virginia Law Review

Association).

(61) Brian Cheffins, ―User Friendly‖ Corporate and Securities Law in Canada: The Role of

Competitive Federalism and Mutual Recognition, in THE FUTURE OF CORPORATION LAW:

ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES, 53 (Toronto: Carswell, 1999).

(62) Daniel C. Esty, Regulatory Competition in Focus, 3 J. Int'l Econ. L. 215 (2000).

(63) Daniel C. Esty & Damien Geradin, Regulatory Co-Opetition, 3 J. Int'l Econ. L. 235 (2000).

(64) Mark D. West, The Puzzling Divergence of Corporate Law: Evidence and Explanations from

Japan and the United States, 150 U. Penn. L. Rev. 527 (Dec., 2001).

(65) Stephen J. Choi & Andrew T. Guzman, Choice and Federal Intervention in Corporate Law,

87 Va. L. Rev. 961 (Sept., 2001).

(66) John E. Coffee, Jr., Law and Regulatory Competition: Can They Co-Exist,

80 Tex. L. Rev. 1729 (2001-2002).

(67) ERIK P. M. VERMEULEN, THE EVOLUTION OF LEGAL BUSINESS FORMS IN EUROPE AND THE

UNITED: VENTURE CAPITAL, JOINT VENTURE AND PARTNERSHIP STRUCTURES, 71-99

(Kluwer Law International, 2003).

(68) Wolfgang Kerber & Klaus Heine, Institutional Evolution, Regulatory Competition and Path

Dependence, in THE EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC POLICY, 191 ( Pavel Pelikán

& Gerhard Wegner) (Edward Elgar Publishing; 2005).

(69) Eva-Maria Kieninger, The Legal Framework of Regulatory Competition Based on Company

Mobility: EU and US Compared - Part I/II, 6 German L. J. (Apr., 2005) available at

<http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=590>

(70) Edward Rock & Mitchell Kane, Taxes and Charter Competition (U of Penn, Inst for Law &

Econ Research Paper No. 07-16, 2007), available at <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1004607>

(5) Tax Competition and the Role of Taxation on Corporate Governance

(71) Edward Rock & Mitchell Kane, Taxes and Charter Competition (U of Penn, Inst for Law &

Econ Research Paper No. 07-16, 2007), available at <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1004607>

(72) John D. Wilson, A Theory of Interregional Tax Competition, 19 J. Urb. Econ. 296 (1986).

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(73) Saul Levmore, The Positive Role of Tax Law in Corporate and Capital Markets, in

CORPORATE LAW AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, 255 (Lucian A. Bebchuk ed.) (Cambridge

University Press, 1990).

(74) Sol Picciotto, The Construction of International Taxation, in PROFESSIONAL COMPETITION

AND PROFESSIONAL POWER: LAWYERS, ACCOUNTANTS AND THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF

MARKETS 25 (Yves Dezalay & David Sugarman eds.) (New York : Routledge, 1995).

(75) John D. Wilson, Theories of Tax Competition, 52 Nat’l Tax J. 269 (1999).

(76) Daniel Shaviro, Some Observations Concerning Multijurisdictional Tax Competition, in

REGULATORY COMPETITION AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE, 49

(Daniel C. Esty & Damien Geradin eds.) (Oxford University Press; Feb., 2001).

(77) William W. Bratton & Joseph McCahery, Tax Coordination and Tax Competition in the

European Union: Evaluating the Code of Conduct on Business Taxation, 38 Comm. Mar. L.

Rev. 677 (2001).

(78) Thomas Bernauer & Vit Styrsky, Adjustment or Voice? Corporate Responses to International

Tax Competition, 10 Eur. J. Int’l Rel. 61 (2004).

(79) Katharina Holzinger, Tax Competition and Tax Co-Operation in the EU: The Case of Savings

Taxation, 17 Rat. & Soc. 475 (Nov., 2005).

(80) Wolfgang Schön, Playing Different Games? Regulatory Competition in Tax and Company

Law Compared, 42 Comm. Mar. L. Rev. (CMLR) 331 (2005).

(6) Investment Promotion

(81) Ehud Kamar, Beyond Competition for Incorporations, 94 Geo. L.J. 1725 (2005-2006) (a form

of regulatory competition exists for investments).

(82) STEVEN K. VOGEL, JAPAN REMODELED: HOW GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY ARE

REFORMING JAPANESE CAPITALISM (Cornell University Press; Ithaca, 2006).

(83) Ehud Kamar, Using Corporate Law to Compete for Investments, in INVESTOR PROTECTION

IN EUROPE: CORPORATE LAW MAKING, THE MIFID AND BEYOND, 59 (Guido Ferrarini &

Eddy Wymeersch eds.) (Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006).

C. Selection of the Legal Platform

(1) Regulatory Arbitrage

(84) EDWARD H. WARREN, CORPORATE ADVANTAGES WITHOUT INCORPORATION (1929).

(85) Notes, Investor Liability: Financial Innovations in the Regulatory State and the Coming

Revolution in Corporate Law, 107 Harv. L. Rev. 1941, (Jun., 1994).

(86) Amir N. Licht, Regulatory Arbitrage for Real: International Securities Regulation in a World

of Interacting Securities Markets, 38 Va. J. Int’l L. 563 (Summer 1998).

http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/search?q=au%3AYves+Dezalay&qt=hot_author

http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/search?q=au%3ADavid+Sugarman&qt=hot_author

15

(2) Private International Law of Companies

(87) WILLIAM LAW MURFREE, LAW OF FOREIGN CORPORATIONS: A DISCUSSION OF THE

PRINCIPLES OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW AND LOCAL STATUTORY REGULATIONS

APPLICABLE TO TRANSACTIONS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES (Central Law Journal Co.: 1893).

(88) AMIN M. BADR, ALIEN CORPORATIONS IN CONFLICT OF LAWS: A STUDY OF COMPARATIVE

LAW (Cairo, Egypt: 1953)

(89) Daniel Zimmer, Private International Law of Business Organizations, 1 Eur. Bus. Org. L.

Rev. (EBOR) 585 (2000)

(90) STEPHAN RAMMELOO, CORPORATIONS IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: A EUROPEAN

PERSPECTIVE (Oxford University Press, 2001).

(91) Peter B. Oh., A Jurisdictional Approach to Collapsing Corporate Distinctions, 55 Rutgers L.

Rev. 389 (2003).

(5) Transnational Regulatory Competition

(92) Joel P. Trachtman, International Regulatory Competition, Externalization, and Jurisdiction,

34 Harv. Int'l. L. J. 47 (1992).

(93) Sol Picciotto, The Regulatory Criss-Cross: Interaction between Jurisdictions and The

Construction of Global Regulatory Networks, in INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY

COMPETITION AND COORDINATION: PERSPECTIVES ON ECONOMIC REGULATION IN EUROPE

AND THE UNITED STATES 89 (McCahery, Bratton, Picciotto, Scott eds., New York: 1997).

(94) Joel P. Trachtman, Externalities and Extraterritoriality: The Law and Economics of

Prescriptive Jurisdiction, in ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW (Jagdeep

Bhandari & Alan O. Sykes eds.) (1997).

(95) Joel P. Trachtman, Regulatory Competition and Regulatory Jurisdiction¸ 2000 J. Int’l Econ.

L. 331 (Jun., 2000).

(96) Howell E. Jackson, & Eric J. Pan, Regulatory Competition in International Securities

Markets: Evidence from Europe in 1999 - Part I, 56 Bus. Law. 653 (2000-2001).

(97) Andrew T. Guzman, International Regulatory Harmonization, Introduction to Symposium, 3

Chi. J. Int'l L. 271 (Fall, 2002).

(98) Eddy Wymeersch, Company Law in Turmoil and the Way to Global Company Practice, 3 J.

Corp. L. Stud. 283 (2003).

(99) DOHA M. ABDELHAMID, INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY RIVALRY IN OPEN ECONOMIES: THE

IMPACT OF DEREGULATION ON THE US AND UK FINANCIAL MARKETS (Ashgate Publishing,

2003).

16

(100) Dale D. Murphy, The Business Dynamics of Global Regulatory Competition, in DYNAMICS

OF REGULATORY CHANGE: HOW GLOBALIZATION AFFECTS NATIONAL REGULATORY

CHANGE, 42 (University of California Press, 2004).

D. Federalism and Corporate Law

(1) Economic Federalism

(101) Frank R. Strong, Cooperative Federalism, 23 Iowa L. Rev. 459 (1938).

(102) Henry M. Hart, The Relations Between State and Federal Law, 54 COLUM. L. REV. 489

(1954).

(103) RICHARD MUSGRAVE, THEORY OF PUBLIC FINANCE: A STUDY IN PUBLIC ECONOMY (New

York: McGraw, 1959)

(104) Kingman Brewster, Jr., The Corporation and Economic Federalism, in THE CORPORATION IN

MODERN SOCIETY, 72 (Edward S. Mason ed.) (Harvard University Press: 1960) (1959).

(105) WALLACE E. OATES, FISCAL FEDERALISM (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972).

(106) Susan Rose-Ackerman, "Does Federalism Matter?: Political Choice in a Federal Republic,

89 J. Pol. Econ. 152 (February 1981).

(107) Richard A. Posner, Toward an Economic Theory of Federal Jurisdiction, 6 Harv. J. Law &

Pub. Pol. 41 (1982).

(108) Eli Noam, Government Regulation of Business in a Federal State: Allocation of Power under

Deregulation, 20 Osgoode Hall L. J. 762 (1982).

(109) Eli M. Noam, Government Regulation of Business in a Federal State: Allocation of Power

under Deregulation, 20 Osgoode Hall L. J. 762 (1982).

(110) Susan Rose-Ackerman, Cooperative Federalism and Co-optation, 92 Yale L. J. 1344 (1983).

(111) DAVID N. KING, FISCAL TIERS: THE ECONOMICS OF MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNMENT (George

Allen & Urwin, London: 1984)

(112) Susan Rose-Ackerman & Jerry L. Mashaw, Federalism and Regulation, in THE REAGAN

REGULATORY STRATEGY: AN ASSESSMENT, 111 (G. Eads and M. Fix, eds.) (Urban Institute

Press, 1984)

(113) Donald B. Rosenthal & James M. Hoefler, Competing Approaches to the Study of American

Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations, 19 Publius J. Fed. 1 (Winter 1989)

(114) Richard A. Epstein, Exit Rights under Federalism, 55 L. Contemp. Probs. 147 (Winter,

1992).

(115) Daniel B. Rodriguez, Turning Federalism Inside Out: Intrastate Aspects of Interstate

Regulatory Competition, 14 Yale L. & Pol'y Rev. 149 (1996).

(116) Oliver Williamson, The Institutions and Governance of Economic Development and Reform,

in THE MECHANISM OF GOVERNANCE (Oliver Williamson eds.) (New York: Oxford


17

(117) Susan Rose-Ackerman & Jonathan Rodden, Does Federalism Preserve Markets?, 83 VA L.

REV. 1521 (Oct., 1997).

(118) Yingyi Qian & Barry R. Weingast, Federalism as a Commitment to Preserving Market

Incentives, 11 J. Econ. Persp. 83 (Autumn, 1997).

(119) Richard Revesz, Federalism and Regulation: Some Generalizations, in REGULATORY

COMPETITION AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE, 3 (Daniel C.

Esty & Damien Geradin eds.) (Oxford University Press; Feb., 2001).

(2) Impact of Federalism on Corporate Law

(120) David L. Ratner, Federal and State Roles in the Regulation of Insider Trading, 31 Bus. L.

947 (1975-76). See, for the discussion of this article 31 Bus. L. 965 – 73.

(121) Richard M. Buxbaum, Federalism and Company Law, 82 Mich. L.Rev. 1163 (1984)

(122) Richard M. Buxbaum, Federal Aspects of Corporate Law and Economic Theory, in

CONTRACT AND ORGANISATION: LEGAL ANALYSIS IN THE LIGHT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL

THEORY 274 (T. Daintith & G. Teubner, eds., Berlin: 1986)

(123) Ian M. Ramsay, Company Law and the Economics of Federalism, 19 Fed. L. Rev. 169

(1990).

(124) William J. Carney, Federalism and Corporate Law: Conditions for Optimal Development

(Sept. 22, 1994) (mimeo - unpublished manuscript, Emory University).

(125) Donald C. Langevoort, Federalism in Corporate/Securities Law: Reflections on Delaware,

California, and State Regulation of Insider Trading, 40 U.S.F. L. Rev. 879 (2005-2006).

(3) Federal – State Relations

(126) Gregg A. Jarrell & Michael Bradley, The Economic Effects of Federal and State Regulations

of Cash Tender Offers, 23 J. L. & Econ. 371 (1980).

(127) Richard A. Booth, The Emerging Conflict between Federal Securities Law and State

Corporate Law, 12 J. Corp. L 73 (1986-1987).

(128) Jonathan R. Macey, Federal Deference to Local Regulators and the Economic Theory of

Regulation, 75 VA. L. Rev. 265 (1991).

(129) Richard C. Breeden, Giving It Away: Observations on the Role of the SEC in Corporate

Governance and Corporate Charity, 41 N. Y. L. Sch. L. Rev. 1179 (1996-1997).

(130) Stephen Bottomley, The Birds, The Beasts, and the Bat: Developing a Constitutionalist

Theory of Corporate Regulation, 27 Fed. L. Rev. 243 (1999).

(131) Robert J. Brown, Jr., The Irrelevance of State Corporate Law in the Governance of Public

Companies, 38 U. Rich. L. Rev. 317, 320-1 (2003-2004).

18

(4) State Jurisdiction over Foreign Corporations

(132) Note, Law of Foreign Corporations, 28 Am. Jurist & L. Mag. 271 (1842-1843).

(133) Edward Quinton Keasbey, Jurisdiction over Foreign Corporations, 12 Harv. L. Rev. 1

(1898-1899).

(134) Maxwell E. Fead, Jurisdiction over Foreign Corporations, 60 Am. L. Rev. 481 (1926)

reprinted in 24 Mich. L. Rev. 633 (1925-1926).

(135) Elcanon Isaacs, The Law of Foreign Corporations, 12 A.B.A. J. 707 (1926).

(136) John P. Bullington, Jurisdiction over Foreign Corporations, 6 N.C. L. Rev. 147 (1927-1928)

Edward S. Stimson, Jurisdiction over Foreign Corporations, 18 St. Louis L. Rev. 195 (1932-

1933).

(137) G. Hanse Voelkel, Comparative Study of the Laws of Latin America Governing Foreign

Business Corporations, 14 Tul. L. Rev. 42 (1939-1940).

(138) Robert A. Case, Conflict of Laws - Jurisdiction over Foreign Corporations, 25 N.D. B. Br.

111 (1949).

(139) Comment, Foreign Corporations. State Boundaries for National Business, 59 YALE L. J.

737 (Mar., 1950).

(5) Internal Affairs Doctrine

(140) Joseph H. Beale, Jr., Corporations in Two States, 4 Colum. L. Rev. 391 (1904).

(141) Harold M. Bowman, The State‘s Power over Foreign Corporations, 9 Mich. L. Rev. 549

(1911).

(142) GERARD C. HENDERSON, THE POSITION OF FOREIGN CORPORATIONS IN AMERICAN

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (Harvard University Press: 1918).

(143) Comment, Choice of Law in the Federal Courts: Use of State or Federal Law to Determine

Foreign Corporation's Amenability to Suit, 1964 Duke L. J. 351 (Spring, 1964).

(144) P. John Kozyris, Corporate Wars and Choice of Law, 1985 Duke L. J. 1 (Feb. 1985).

(145) Deborah A. DeMott, Perspectives on Choice of Law for Corporate Internal Affairs, 48 Law

& Contemp. Probs. 161 (Summer 1985).

(146) Richard M. Buxbaum, The Threatened Constitutionalization of the Internal Affairs Doctrine

in Corporation Law, 75 Cal. L. Rev. 29 (1987).

(147) Richard M. Buxbaum, The Origins of the American 'Internal Affairs' Rule in the Corporate

Conflict of Laws, in FESTSCHRIFT FÜR GERHARD KEGEL ZUM 75. GEBURTSTAG 29 (H.-J.

Musielak & K. Schurig, eds., Stuttgart: 1987)

(148) Richard M. Buxbaum, The Threatened Constitutionalization of the Internal Affairs Doctrine

in Corporation Law, 75 Cal. L. Rev. 29 (Jan., 1987).

(149) Paul N. Cox, The Constitutional "Dynamics" of the Internal Affairs Rule -- A Comment on

CTS Corporation, 13 J. Corp. L. 317 (1988).

19

(150) Jack L. Goldsmith III, Interest Analysis Applied to Corporations: The Unprincipled Use of a

Choice of Law Method, 98 Yale L.J. 597, 599 (1988).

(151) Richard M. Buxbaum, Delaware Supreme Court Finds the State-of-Incorporation Version of

the Internal Affairs Doctrine Embedded in the United States Constitution, 15 CEB Cal. Bus.

L. Rep. 173 (1994)

(152) Note, The Internal Affairs Doctrine: Theoretical Justifications and Tentative Explanations for

Its Continued Primacy, 115 Harv. L. Rev. 1480 (Mar., 2002).

(153) Kent Greenfield, Democracy and the Dominance of Delaware in Corporate Law, 67 Law &

Contemp. Probs. 135 (2004).

(154) Frederick Tung, Before Competition: Origins of the Internal Affairs Doctrine, 32 Iowa J.

Corp. L. 33 (Fall, 2006).

(155) Matt Stevens, Internal Affairs Doctrine: California versus Delaware in a Fight for the Right

to Regulate Foreign Corporations (October 2006) available at

<http://ssrn.com/abstract=978543>

(156) Frederic Tung, Explaining the Internal Affairs Doctrine, available at

<http://faculty.lls.edu/workshops/documents/tung.pdf>

(157) Peer Zumbansen, Sustaining Paradox Boundaries: Perspectives on Internal Affairs in

Domestic and International Law, 15 Eur. J. Int’l. L. 197 (2004) (reviewing A. Claire Cutler,

PRIVATE POWER AND PUBLIC AUTHORITY: TRANSNATIONAL MERCHANT LAW IN THE

GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY (Cambridge University Press: 2003)).

(4) Corporate Choice of Law

(158) David A. Drexler, Delaware Courts and the New Jurisdiction Statute, 3 Del. J. Corp. L. 205

(1977-1978)

(159) Arthur R. Pinto, The Internationalization of the Hostile Takeover Market: Its Implications for

Choice of Law in Corporate and Securities Law, 16 BROOK. J. INT'L L. 55 (1990)

(160) Larry E. Ribstein, Delaware, Lawyers, and Contractual Choice of Law, 19 Del. J. Corp. L.

999 (Summer, 1994).

(161) Bruce H. Kobayashi & Larry E. Ribstein, Contract and Jurisdictional Freedom, in THE FALL

AND RISE OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT, 325 (Francis H. Buckley ed.) (Duke University Press;

1999).

(162) Michael Klausner, A Comment on Contract and Jurisdiction Competition, in THE FALL AND

RISE OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT, 349 (Francis H. Buckley ed.) (Duke University Press;

1999).

(163) Geoffrey P. Miller, Choice of Law as a Recommitment Device, in THE FALL AND RISE OF

FREEDOM OF CONTRACT, 357 (Francis H. Buckley ed.) (Duke University Press; 1999).

(164) Erin A. O'Hara & Larry E. Ribstein, From Politics to Efficiency in Choice of Law, 67 U.

Chi. L. Rev. 1151 (Fall, 2000).

(165) METTE NEVILLE & KARSTEN ENGSIG SØRENSEN, THE INTERNATIONALISATION OF

COMPANIES AND COMPANY LAWS (Copenhagen, 2001).

20

(166) Horatia Muir Watt, Choice of Law in Integrated and Interconnected Markets: A Matter of

Political Economy, 7 Elect. J. Comp. L. (Sept., 2003) available at

<http://www.ejcl.org/ejcl/73/art73-4.html>.

(167) Edward M. Iacobucci, Toward a Signaling Explanation of the Private Choice of Corporate

Law, 6 Am. Law Econ. Rev. 319 (Fall 2004).

(168) Jens C. Dammann, A New Approach to Corporate Choice of Law, 38 Vand. J. Transnat’l L

51 (2005).

(169) Horst Eidenmüller, Free Choice in International Corporate Law: European and German

Corporate Law in European Competition between Corporate Law System, in AN ECONOMIC

ANALYSIS OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW, 187 (Jürgen Basedow & Toshiyuki Kono eds.)

(Mohr Siebeck: 2006).

(170) Tomoyo Matsui, What Cases Should be Governed by Lex Incorporationis? A Policy and

Application-Costs Perspective, in AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL

LAW, 207 (Jürgen Basedow & Toshiyuki Kono eds.) (Mohr Siebeck: 2006).

(171) Yoshihisa Hayakawa, Japanese Regulations against Foreign Corporations and Global

Competition in Corporate Law, in AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL

LAW, 245 (Jürgen Basedow & Toshiyuki Kono eds.) (Mohr Siebeck: 2006).

(5) Multiple Incorporations

(172) Henry E. Foley, Incorporation, Multiple Incorporation, and the Conflict of Laws, 42 Harv. L.

Rev. 516 (Feb., 1929).

(173) H. L. H., Corporations: Incorporation in Several States as Affecting Jurisdiction of Federal

Courts, 28 Mich. L. Rev. 436 (Feb., 1930).

(174) D. B. K., Domestication of Foreign Corporations and Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts

Based on Diversity of Citizenship, 78 U. Penn. L. Rev. & Am. L. Reg. 538 (Feb., 1930).

(175) Recent Cases, Federal Courts. Jurisdiction: Diversity of Citizenship. Domestication of

Foreign Corporation, 43 Harv. L. Rev. 658 (Feb., 1930).

(176) Comments, Multiple Incorporation as a Form of Railroad Organization, 46 Yale L. J. 1370

(Jun., 1937).

(177) Note, Compulsory Incorporation and the Power to Tax, 44 Harv. L. Rev. 1111 (May, 1931).

(178) E. George Rudolph, Corporations: Foreign Corporations: Effect of Complying with

Domestication Statute, 41 Mich. L. Rev. 977 (Apr., 1943).

(179) Kenneth Liles, Foreign Corporations: What Constitutes "Doing Business" for Service of

Process as Contrasted with Domestication Requirement, 45 Mich. L. Rev. 977 (Dec., 1946).

(180) J. David Voss, Corporations: Effect of Domestication Statute on Foreign Corporations, 52

Mich. L. Rev. 448 (Jan., 1954).

(181) A. J. E., The Legal Consequences of Failure to Comply with Domestication Statutes, 110 U.

Penn. L. Rev. 241 (Dec., 1961).

21

(6) State Retaliatory Laws

(182) Wm. L. Murfree, Jr., Statutes Regulating Foreign Corporations - Retaliatory Laws, 36 Cent.

L.J. 5 (1893).

(183) W. D. Leeper, State Legislation Against Foreign Corporations, 41 Cent. L.J. 145 (1895).

(184) Note, State Exclusion of Foreign Corporations from Local Business, 40 Yale L.J. 1103

(1930-1931).

(7) Pseudo-Foreign (“Tramp”) Corporations

(185) Chapman W. Maupin, Partnership Liability of the Stockholders of Tramp Corporations, 47

Cent. L.J. 50 (1898).

(186) C. B. Ames, Tramp Corporations, 48 Cent. L. J. 391 (1899).

(187) Elvin R. Latty, Pseudo-Foreign Corporations, 65 Yale L. J. 137 (1955).

(188) Samuel B. Stewart, New California Ruling Re Cumulative Voting in Foreign Corporations,

15 Bus. Law 70 (1959-1960).

(189) Note, Pseudo-Foreign Corporations and the Internal Affairs Rule, 1960 Duke L. J. 477

(1960).

(190) Michael J. Halloran & Douglas L. Hammer, Section 2115 of the New California General

Corporation Law - The Application of California Corporation Law to Foreign Corporations,

23 UCLA L. Rev. 1282 (1975-1976).

(191) Douglas E. Noll, California's New General Corporation Law: Quasi-Foreign Corporations,

7 Pac. L. J. 673 (1976).

(192) J. Thomas Oldham, California Regulates Pseudo-Foreign Corporations - Trampling upon the

Tramp, 17 Santa Clara L. Rev. 85 (1977).

(193) Mark E. Kruse, California's Statutory Attempt to Regulate Foreign Corporations: Will It

Survive the Commerce Clause, 16 San Diego L. Rev. 943 (1978-1979).

(194) Richard M. Buxbaum, The Application of California Corporation Law to Pseudo-Foreign

Corporations, 4 CEB Calif. Bus. Law Rep. 109 (1983).

(8) State Franchise Taxes

(195) Robert J. Harding, Franchise Taxes of Corporations Having Stock without Par Value, 15 St.

Louis L. Rev. 391 (1929-1930).

(196) Comment, Suspension of Corporate Charter for Nonpayment of Franchise Tax, 48 Yale L. J.

650 (Feb., 1939).

(197) Frank M. Keesling, California Franchise and Corporation Income Taxes, 8 Tax Executive 39

(1955-1956).

22

(198) Richard W. Genetelli & David B. Zigman, Planning Strategies to Reduce State and Local

Income/Franchise Taxes and Improve Profitability, 13 J. St. Tax'n 70 (1994-1995).

E. Corporate Mobility

(1) State Legislation (Domestication, Reincorporation & Conversion)

(199) Alvin E. Evans, Service on Foreign Corporations after Withdrawal from the State, 42 Mich.

L. Rev. 631 (1943-1944).

(200) Scott FitzGibbon & Donald W. Glazer, Legal Opinions on Incorporation, Good Standing,

and Qualification to Do Business, 41 Bus. Law. 461 (1986).

(201) Michael Iovenko & Peter S. Smedresman, Transfer of Domicile and Domestication in

Delaware, 3 Int'l Fin. L. Rev. 26 (1984).

(202) Charles Thelen Plambeck, Domestication of Foreign Corporations: Tax Planning in the Net

of Internal Revenue Code Section 7701(b), 11 N.C.J. Int'l L. & Com. Reg. 131 (1986).

(203) Richard E. Andersen, Bringing It Onshore: Redomiciling Foreign Corporations through

State Domestication Statutes, 14 Int'l Tax J. 91 (1988).

(204) The Committee on Corporate Laws, Changes in the Model Business Corporation Act

Relating to Domestication and Conversion - Final Adoption, 58 Bus. Law. 219 (2002-2003).

(205) Kağan Kocaoğlu, State Legislation and Corporate Mobility, (May 22, 2007) (Unpublished

section of JSD Dissertation, Georgetown University) (On file with the Library of Congress).

(2) Tax Consequences of a Corporate Forum Shift

(206) Charles C. MacLean, Jr., Problems of Reincorporation and Related Proposals of the

Subchapter C Advisory Group, 13 Tax L. Rev. 407 (1957-1958).

(207) George G. Grubb, Corporate Manipulations under Subchapter C: Reincorporation –

Liquidation, 28 U. Cin. L. Rev. 304 (1959).

(208) Note, Corporate Distributions: The Liquidation - Reincorporation Situation, 37 St. John's L.

Rev. 329 (1962-1963).

(209) Richard D. Kuhn, Liquidation and Reincorporation under the 1954 Code, 51 Geo. L. J. 96

(1962-1963).

(210) Thomas C. Mayer, Ramifications of the Treasury's Liquidation - Reincorporation Doctrine,

25 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 637 (1963-1964).

(211) Norman Herbert Lane, The Reincorporation Game: Have the Ground Rules Really Changed,

77 Harv. L. Rev. 1218 (1963-1964).

(212) Frederic A. Nicholson, Recent Developments in the Reincorporation Area, 19 Tax L. Rev.

123 (1963-1964).

23

(213) Note, Federal Taxation: Imposition of Double Standard for Section 368 Reorganization in

Liquidation-Reincorporation Setting, 1966 Duke L. R. 1168 (1966).

(214) R. P. Hertzog, The Reincorporation Problem in Subchapter C: A Question of Semantics, 9

Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 928 (1967-1968).

(215) Elliot M. Surkin, Reincorporation Quandary Under Sections 368(a)(l)(D) and 354 (b)(l)

Comments on Moffatt v. Commissioner, 53 Cornell L. Rev. 575 (1967-1968).

(216) Bruce D. Lombardo & Thomas C. Riley, The Liquidation-Reincorporation Device - Analysis

and Proposed Solutions, 14 Vill. L. Rev. 423 (1969).

(217) Richard D. Hobbet, Liquidation-Reincorporation: A Recent Development, 1971 Duke L. J.

367 (1971).

(218) Andrew J. Levander, New Answers to the Liquidation-Reincorporation Problem, 76 Colum.

L. Rev. 268 (1976).

(219) Thomas A. Robinson, Tax Interpretation: Lessons from the Reincorporation Cases, 34 U.

Fla. L. Rev. 1 (1981-1982).

(220) I. Paul Mandelkern, Continuity of Business Enterprise and the Liquidation-Reincorporation

Battle: Is Treasury Regulation 1.368-1(d) a Trojan Horse, 34 U. Fla. L. Rev. 822 (1981-

1982).

(221) John R. Dorocak, Selling a Business and Starting Anew: Liquidation-Reincorporation in the

Simple Situation, 2 Akron Tax J. 103 (1984).

(222) Walter H. Nunnallee, The Liquidation-Reincorporation Doctrine Revisited after the Tax

Reform Act of 1984: Do Sections 302 and 304 Provide the Solution, 40 Tax Law. 1 (1986-

1987).

(223) Matthew B. Krasner, Liquidation/Reincorporation after the Tax Reform Act of 1986, 24

Willamette L. Rev. 885 (1988).

(224) Gero Burwitz, Tax Consequences of the Migration of Companies: A Practitioner's

Perspective, 6 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. 589 (2006).

(3) Off-Shore Tax Inversions

(225) Richard E. Andersen, Bringing It Onshore: Redomiciling Foreign Corporations through

State Domestication Statutes, 14 Int'l Tax J. 91 (1988).

(226) Eric T. Laity, The United States' Response to Tax Havens: The Foreign Base Company

Services Income of Controlled Foreign Corporations, 18 Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus. 1 (1997-

1998).

(227) Robert T. Kudrle & Lorraine Eden, The Campaign Against Tax Havens: Will It Last? Will It

Work?, 9 Stan. J.L. Bus. & Fin. 37 (Fall, 2003).

(228) Jeffrey K. Mackie-Mason & Roger H. Gordon, How Much Do Taxes Discourage

Incorporation?, 52 J. Fin. 477 (1997).

(229) U.S. TREAS. OFF. TAX POL., CORPORATE INVERSION TRANSACTIONS: TAX POLICY

IMPLICATIONS (May 17, 2002), available at

<http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/docs/inversion.pdf> (Last visited, Feb. 2, 2008).

24

(230) Hale E. Sheppard, Fight or Flight of U.S.-Based Multinational Businesses: Analyzing the

Causes for, Effects of, and Solutions to the Corporate Inversion Trend, 23 NW. J. INT'L L. &

BUS. 551 (Spring, 2003).

(231) Beckett G. Cantley, Corporate Inversions: Will the Repo Act Keep Corporations From

Moving to Bermuda?, 3 Hous. Bus. & Tax L.J. 1 (2003).

(232) Elizabeth Chorvat, You Can't Take It With You: Behavioral Finance and Corporate

Expatriations, 37 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 453 (December, 2003).

(233) Eric Tak Han, Is Capitalism Un-American? An Analysis of Corporate Inversions and

Expatriation Proposals in Response, 27 Hastings Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 511 (Spring, 2004).

(234) Derek E. Anderson, Turning the Corporate Inversion Transaction Right Side Up: Proposed

Legislation in The 108th Congress Aims to Stamp Out Any Economic Vitality of the

Corporate Inversion Transaction, 16 Fla. J. Int'l L. 267 (June, 2004).

(235) John Kelly, Haven or Hell: Securities Exchange Listing Standards and Other Proposed

Reforms as a Disincentive for Corporate Inversion Transactions, 14 Minn. J. Global Trade

199 (Winter, 2004).

(236) Heather Campbell, When Good Tax Law Goes Bad: Stanley Works' Recent Dilemma and

How the Internal Revenue Code Disadvantages U.S. Multinational Corporations Forcing

Their Flight to Foreign Jurisdictions, 31 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 95 (Winter 2004).

(237) Orsolya Kun, Corporate Inversions: The Interplay of Tax, Corporate, and Economic

Implications, 29 Del. J. Corp. L. 313 (2004).

(238) Dale D. Murphy, Off-Shore Finance, in THE STRUCTURE OF REGULATORY COMPETITION:

CORPORATIONS AND PUBLIC POLICIES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 72 (Dale D. Murphy ed.)


(239) James J. Nash, The Bermuda Tax Triangle: A Proposal Allowing American Companies'

Expatriation to Foreign Tax Havens, 27 Suffolk Transnat'l L. Rev. 271 (Summer, 2004).

(240) John Kelly, Haven or Hell: Securities Exchange Listing Standards and Other Proposed

Reforms as a Disincentive for Corporate Inversion Transactions, 14 Minn. J. Global Trade

199 (Winter, 2004).

(241) James Mann, Corporate Inversions: A Symptom of a Larger Problem, the Corporate Income

Tax, 78 S. Cal. L. Rev. 521 (2004-2005).

(242) Steven V. Melnik, Corporate Expatriations - The Tip of the Iceberg: Restoring the

Competitiveness of the United States in the Global Marketplace, 8 N.Y.U. J. Legis. & Pub.

Pol'y 81 (2004 / 2005).

(243) Michael S. Kirsch, The Congressional Response to Corporate Expatriations: The Tension

Between Symbols and Substance in the Taxation of Multinational Corporations, 24 Va. Tax

Rev. 475 (Winter, 2005).

(244) WILLIAM BRITTAIN-CATLIN, OFFSHORE: THE DARK SIDE OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY (Farrar,

Straus and Giroux, 2005).

(245) Note, Drawing Lines Around Corporate Inversion, 118 Harv. L. Rev. 2270 (May, 2005).

(246) Eloine Kim, Corporate Inversion: Will the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 Reduce the

Incentive to Re-Incorporate?, 4 J. Int'l Bus. & L. 152 (Spring, 2005).

25

(247) Richard A. Johnson, Why Harmful Tax Practices Will Continue After Developing Nations

Pay: A Critique of the OECD's Initiatives Against Harmful Tax Competition, 26 B.C. Third

World L.J. 351 (Spring 2006).

(4) Cross – Listings

(248) Darius Miller, The Market Reaction to International Cross-Listings: Evidence from

Depository Receipts, 51 J. Fin. Econ. 103 (1999).

(249) John C. Coffee, Jr., Racing towards the Top: The Impact of Cross-Listing and Stock Market

Competition on International Corporate Governance, 102 Colum. L. Rev. 1757 (2002).

(250) John C. Coffee, Jr., The Impact of Cross-Listings and Stock Market Competition on

International Corporate Governance, in GLOBAL MARKETS, DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONS:

CORPORATE LAW AND GOVERNANCE IN A NEW ERA OF CROSS-BORDER DEALS 437 (Curtis

J. Milhaupt eds., New York: 2003).

(251) Alice de Jonge, Corporate Governance in a Cross-Border Environment: Overseas Listings of

Chinese Firms, in Trends and Developments in Corporate Goverrnance, [Special Issue]

Comp. L. Y. B. Int’l Bus. 81 (2003).

(252) Larry E. Ribstein, Cross-Listing and Regulatory Competition, 1 Rev. L. & Econ. 97 (2005)

(253) Cally Jordan, The Chameleon Effect: Beyond the Bonding Hypothesis for Cross-Listed

Securities, 3 N.Y.U. J. L. & Bus. 37 (Fall, 2006).

(254) Tobias H. Tröger, Corporate Governance in a Viable Market for Secondary Listings, 10 J.

Bus. & Emp. L. (2007).

(5) Entity Transformation Transactions

(255) Henry B. Hansmann, The Role of Nonprofit Enterprise, 89 Yale L.J. 835 (1980).

(256) John D. Colombo, A Proposal for an Exit Tax on Nonprofit Conversion Transactions, 23

Iowa J. Corp. L. 779 (Summer, 1998).

(257) Robert C. Art, Conversion and Merger of Disparate Business Entities, 76 Wash. L. Rev. 349,

(2001).

(258) Tamar Frankel, The Delaware Business Trust Act Failure as the New Corporate Law,

23 Cardozo L. Rev. 325 (2001).

(259) Gregory M. Marks, Understanding and Selecting the Best Conversion or Merger Approach

for Pass-through Entities, J. Pass. Ent. 29 (Oct., 2002)

(260) Henry Hansmann, Reiner Kraakman & Richard Squire, The New Business Entities in

Evolutionary Perspective, 8 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 59 (Mar., 2007)

(261) Michael P. Huff, The Alabama Business Entities Conversion and Merger Act: Issues

Surrounding the Effect of Conversion, 56 Ala. L. Rev. 577 (Winter, 2004)

(262) Henry Hansmann, Reiner Kraakman & Richard Squire, The New Business Entities in

Evolutionary Perspective, 8 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 59 (Mar., 2007).

26

(263) Garry W. Jenkins, Incorporation Choice, Uniformity, and the Reform of Nonprofit State Law,

41 Ga. L. Rev. 1113 (Summer, 2007).

(6) Entity Conversions in the Healthcare Sector

(264) Lawrence E. Singer, The Conversion Conundrum: The State and Federal Response to

Hospitals' Changes in Charitable Status, 23 Am. J. L. and Med. 221 (1997)

(265) William C. Kellough, Affiliations, Sales, and Conversions Involving Non-Profit and For-

Profit Healthcare Organizations in Oklahoma, 33 Tulsa L.J. 521 (Winter, 1997).

(266) David A. Hyman, Hospital Conversions: Fact, Fantasy, and Regulatory Follies, 23 Iowa J.

Corp. L. 741 (Summer, 1998).

(267) Patrick K. Moore, Gary S. Mendoza , John P. Krave , James R. Schwartz, Legal Issues in

Selling and Converting Non-Profit Health Care Organizations, 20 Whittier L. Rev. 351

(Winter, 1998).

(268) James J. Fishman, Checkpoints on the Conversion Highway: Some Trouble Spots in the

Conversion of Nonprofit Health Care Organizations to For-Profit Status, 23 Iowa J. Corp. L.

701, 719 (Summer, 1998).

(269) John D. Colombo, A Proposal for an Exit Tax on Nonprofit Conversion Transactions, 23

Iowa J. Corp. L. 779, 779-81 (Summer, 1998)

(270) Kevin F. Donohue, Crossroads in Hospital Conversions – A Survey of Nonprofit Hospital

Conversion Legislation, 8 Ann. Health L. 39 (1999).

(271) Phill Kline & Reid F. Holbrook, Protecting Charitable Assets in Hospital Conversions: An

Important Role for the Attorney General, 13 Kan. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 351 (Spring, 2004).

(7) War Time Domicile Changes

(272) Note, Corporations in Exile, 43 Colum. L. Rev. 364 (Apr., 1943).

(8) Shareholder Access to Forum Selection and Federal Reinforcement

(273) John C. Coffee, Jr., The Future of Corporate Federalism: State Competition and the New

Trend Toward De Facto Federal Minimum Standards, 8 Cardozo L. Rev. 759 (1987).

(274) William W. Bratton & Joseph A. McCahery, Regulatory Competition, Regulatory Capture,

and Corporate Self- Regulation, 73 N.C. L. Rev. 1861 (1995).

(275) David E. Wildasin & John D. Wilson, Imperfect Mobility and Local Government Behavior in

an Overlapping Generations Model, 60 J. Pub. Econ. 177 (1996).

(276) Stephen J. Choi & Andrew T. Guzman, Choice and Federal Intervention in Corporate Law,

87 Va. L. Rev. 961 (Sept., 2001)

27

(277) Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Allen Ferrell, A New Approach to Takeover Law and Regulatory

Competition, 87 Va. L. Rev. 111 (2001).

(278) Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Assaf Hamdani, Vigorous Race or Leisurely Walk: Reconsidering

the Competition over Corporate Charters, 112 Yale L.J. 553 (2002).

(279) Jens Dammann, A New Approach to Corporate Choice of Law, 38 Vand. J. Transnat’l L. 51

(2005).

(280) Jennifer G. Hill, The Shifting Balance of Power between Shareholders and the Board: News

Corp's Exodus to Delaware and Other Antipodean Tales, (January 2008) (Sydney Law

School Research Paper No. 08/20) available at <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1086477>.

(9) Position for an Exit

(281) Kağan Kocaoğlu, State Legislation and Corporate Mobility, (May 22, 2007) (Unpublished

section of JSD Dissertation, Georgetown University) (On file with the Library of Congress).

F. Regulatory Motion

(1) Regulatory Pendulum

(282) KARL POLANYI, THE GREAT TRANSFORMATION: THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ORIGINS OF

OUR TIME (Beacon Press; 2001) (1941).

(283) George Stigler, The Theory of Economic Regulation, 2 Bell J. Econ. 3 (1971).

(284) Sam Peltzman, Toward a More General Theory of Regulation, 19 J. L. & Econ. 211 (1976).

(285) William F. Shughart, II & Robert D. Tollison, The Cyclical Character of Regulatory Activity,

45 Pub. Cho. 393 (Mar., 1985).

(286) Peter J. Henning, Corporate Law after the Eighties: Reflections on the Relationship between

Management, Shareholders, and Stakeholders, 36 St. Louis U. L.J. 519 (1991-1992).

(287) Ragnar E. Löfstedt, The Swing of the Regulatory Pendulum in Europe: From Precautionary

Principle to (Regulatory) Impact Analysis, 28 J. Risk & Uncertainty 237 (May 2004).

(2) Impact of Crises on Regulation

(288) Joseph A. Grundfest, Lobbying into Limbo: The Political Ecology of the Savings and Loan

Crisis (Savings & Loan Crisis: Lessons and a Look Ahead), 2 Stan. L. & Pol. Rev. 25 (Spr

1990).

(289) John C. Coffee, Jr., The Rise of Dispersed Ownership: The Roles of Law and the State in the

Separation of Ownership and Control, 111 Yale L.J. 1, 66 (Oct., 2001).

28

(290) Robert W. Hamilton, The Crisis in Corporate Governance: 2002 Style, 40 Hous. L. Rev. 1

(2003-2004).

(291) Stefan Grundmann, The Structure of European Company Law: From Crisis to Boom, 5 Eur.

Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 601 (Dec., 2004).

(292) Gerald Spindler, Scandals, Regulation, and Supervisory Agencies: The European

Perspective, in CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CONTEXT: CORPORATIONS, STATES, AND

MARKETS IN EUROPE, JAPAN, AND THE US, 105 (Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy Wymeersch, Hideka

Kanda & Harald Baum eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2005).

(3) Indeterminacy and Legal Complexity

(293) Douglas M. Branson, Indeterminacy: The Final Ingredient in an Interest Group Analysis of

Corporate Law, 43 Vand. L. Rev. 85 (Jan., 1990).

(294) Michelle J. White, Legal Complexity and Lawyers‘ Benefit from Litigation, 12 Int. Rev. L. &

Econ. 381 (1992).

(295) William T. Allen, Ambiguity in Corporation Law, 22 Del. J. Corp. L. 894 (1997).

(296) Ehud Kamar, A Regulatory Competition Theory of Indeterminacy in Corporate Law, 98

Colum. L. Rev. 1908 (1998).

(297) Ehud Kamar, Shareholder Litigation Under Indeterminate Corporate Law, 66 U. Chi. L.

Rev. 887 (1999).

(298) Mark J. Roe, The Inevitable Instability of American Corporate Governance, in RESTORING

TRUST IN AMERICAN BUSINESS (Jay W. Lorsch, Leslie Berlowitz, and Andy Zelleke eds.)

(Cambridge, Mass.: American Academy of Arts and Sciences : MIT Press, 2005).

(299) Sean J. Griffith & Myron T. Steele, On Corporate Law Federalism: Threatening the

Thaumatrope, 61 Bus. Law. 1 (Nov., 2005).

(300) Helmut Wagner, Economic Analysis of Cross-Border Legal Uncertainty; The Example of the

European Union, in THE NEED FOR A EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW: EMPIRICAL AND LEGAL

PERSPECTIVES, 27 (J. M. Smits ed.) (Europa Publishing; 2005).

(4) Legal Transplants

(301) Katharina Pistor, The Standardization of Law and Its Effects on Developing Economies, 50

Am. J. Comp. L. 97 (2002).

(302) Lynn A. Stout, On the Export of U.S.-Style Corporate Fiduciary Duties to Other Cultures:

Can A Transplant Take?, in GLOBAL MARKETS, DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONS: CORPORATE LAW

AND GOVERNANCE IN A NEW ERA OF CROSS-BORDER DEALS 46 (Curtis Milhaupt, ed.)

(Columbia University Press, 2003).

(303) Troy A. Paredes, A Systems Approach to Corporate Governance Reform: Why Importing U.S.

Corporate Law isn't the Answer, 45 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1055 (2004).

29

(304) Brian Cheffins, Corporate Governance Reform: Britain as an Exporter, in CORPORATE

GOVERNANCE: CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT, VOL. I (Thomas

Clarke ed.) (London: Routledge, 2004).

(305) Curtis J. Milhaupt, Historical Pathways of Reform: Foreign Law Transplants and Japanese

Corporate Governance, in CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CONTEXT: CORPORATIONS,

STATES, AND MARKETS IN EUROPE, JAPAN, AND THE US, 53 (Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy

Wymeersch, Hideka Kanda & Harald Baum eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2005).

(306) Peer Zumbansen & Patrick Rundans, The Political Economy of Legal Transplants in

Corporate Governance, in CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN THE VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM:

LEGAL REFORM IN THE CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL ECONOMY (Peer Zumbansen & John

Cioffi eds., forthcoming 2006).

G. Regulatory Competition in Non-Corporate Forums

(1) Antitrust Competition

(307) Frank H. Easterbrook, Antitrust and the Economics of Federalism, 26 J. L. & Econ. 23

(1983).

(2) Bankruptcy Competition

(308) Barry E. Adler & Henry N. Butler, On the "Delawarization of Bankruptcy" Debate, 52

Emory L.J. 1309 (Summer, 2003).

(3) Competition for Trust Funds

(309) Robert H. Sitkoff & Max Schanzenbach. Jurisdictional Competition for Trust Funds: An

Empirical Analysis of Perpetuities and Taxes, 115 Yale Law Journal 356 (2005).

(4) Regulatory Competition in Transnational Finance

(310) James D. Cox, Rethinking U.S. Securities Laws in the Shadow of International Regulatory

Competition, 55 Law & Contemp. Prob. 157 (1992).

(311) Gérard Hertig, Imperfect Mutual Recognition for EU Financial Services, 14 Int'l Rev. L. &

Econ. 177 (1994).

(312) J. William Hicks, Protection of Individual Investors under U.S. Securities Laws: The Impact

of International Regulatory Competition, 1 Ind. J. Global Legal Stud. 431 (1993-1994).

30

(313) James D. Cox, Choice of Law Rules for International Securities Transactions?, 66 U.

Cincinnati L.Rev. 1179 (1998).

(314) Stephen J. Choi & Andrew T. Guzman, The Dangerous Extraterritoriality of American

Securities Law, 17 Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus. 207 (1996).

(315) Stephen J. Choi & Andrew T. Guzman, National Laws, International Money: Regulation in a

Global Capital Market, 65 Ford. L. Rev. 1855 (1997).

(316) Sol Picciotto & Jason Haines, Regulating Global Financial Markets, 26 J. L. & Soc. 351

(1999).

(317) Stephen J. Choi, The Unfounded Fear of Regulation S: Empirical Evidence on Offshore

Securities Offerings, 50 Duke L. J. 663 (2000).

(318) Stephen J. Choi, Regulating Investors Not Issuers: A Market-Based Proposal, 88 Cal. L.

Rev. 280 (March, 2000).

(319) Stephen J. Choi, Promoting Issuer Choice in Securities Regulation, 41 Va. J. Int’l L. 815

(2001).

(320) Stephen J. Choi,Assessing Regulatory Responses to Globalizing Securities Markets, 2 Theo.

Inq. L. 613 (2001).

(321) John C. Coffee Jr., Competition Among Securities Markets: A Path Dependent Perspective

(Columbia Law Sch. Ctr. for Law & Econ. Studies, Working Paper No. 192, 2001), at

<http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=283822>

(322) John C. Coffee, Jr., Racing Towards the Top? The Impact of Cross-Listings and Stock Market

Competition on International Corporate Governance, 102 Colum. L. Rev. 1757 (2002).

(323) Stephen J. Choi, Channeling Global Securities Market Competition, 16 Transnat'l Law. 111

(2003).

(324) John C. Coffee, Jr., The Impact of Cross-Listings and Stock Market Competition on

International Corporate Governance, in GLOBAL MARKETS, DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONS:



II. CHARTER MARKET COMPETITION

A. Products in the Charter Market

(1) Delaware Corporate Law

(325) [DELAWARE] CORPORATION TRUST CO., BUSINESS CORPORATIONS UNDER THE LAWS OF

DELAWARE (1907) [in brackets added by the author].

(326) S. Samuel Arsht & Walter K. Stapleton, Delaware‘s New General Corporation Law:

Substantive Changes, 23 Bus. L. 75 (1967).

31

(327) S. Samuel Arsht, How and Why of Incorporation in Delaware, 3 Del. J. Corp. L. 163 (1977-

1978).

(328) DELAWARE, LEWIS S. BLACK, JR., WHY CORPORATIONS CHOOSE DELAWARE (Corporation

Service Company, January 1999) (1993).

(2) Model Business Corporation Act

(329) George D. Gibson, Virginia's Experience with the Model Business Corporation Act, 13 Bus.

Law. 706 (1957-1958).

(330) Melvin Aron Eisenberg, The Model Business Corporation Act and the Model Business

Corporation Act Annotated, 29 Bus. L. 1407 (1974).

(331) Michael P. Dooley & Michael D. Goldman, Some Comparisons between the Model Business

Corporation Act and the Delaware General Corporation Law, 56 Bus. Law. 737 (2000-

2001).

(3) Non-Delaware State Corporate Laws

(332) John H. Shields, Why do Wisconsin Concerns Incorporate in Other States?, 11 WIS. L.

REV. 457 (1936).

(333) Tom Downs, Michigan to have a New Corporation Code?, 18 Wayne L. Rev. 913 (1972).

(334) Cyril Moscow, Michigan or Delaware Incorporation, 42 Wayne L. Rev. 1897 (1995-1996).

(335) David Mace Roberts & David Mace Pivnick,, Table of the Corporate Tape: Delaware,

Nevada and Texas, 52 Baylor L. Rev. 45 (2000).

(336) James I. Lotstein & Christopher Calio, Why Choose Connecticut? Advantages of the

Connecticut Business Corporation Act Over the Delaware General Corporation Law, 10

Conn. Law. (Apr. 2000).

(337) Byron F. Egan & Curtis W. Huff, Choice of State of Incorporation - Texas versus Delaware:

Is It Now Time to Rethink Traditional Notions, 54 S.M.U. L. Rev. 249 (2001).

(4) European Products

(338) John Lowry, Eliminating Obstacles to Freedom of Establishment: The Competitive Edge of

UK Company Law, 63 Cambridge L. J. 331 (2004).

32

B. Historical Development of the Corporate Charter Market

(1) Historical Progress

(339) Samuel Williston, A History of the Law of Business Organizations before 1800, 2 Harv. L.

Rev. 105 (1888).

(340) Joseph S. Davis, Corporations in the American Colonies, in ESSAYS IN THE EARLIER

HISTORY OF AMERICAN CORPORATIONS, VOL. I, at 3 (Joseph S. Davis ed.) (Harv. Uni. Press:

1917).1

(341) Joseph S. Davis, Eighteenth Century Business Corporations in the United States, in ESSAYS

IN THE EARLIER HISTORY OF AMERICAN CORPORATIONS, VOL. II, at 3 (Joseph S. Davis ed.)

(Lawbook Exchange: 2006) (1917).

(342) Harold W. Stoke, Economic Influences Upon the Corporation Laws of New Jersey, 30 J. Pol.

Econ. 551 (1930).

(343) Note, Compulsory Incorporation and the Power to Tax, 44 Harv. L. Rev. 1111 (May, 1931).

(344) G. Harrington, The Legislative History of the Delaware General Incorporation Act of 1899 to

1933 (1933) (unpublished masters’ thesis, Harvard Law School) (on file with the Law School

Library, Harvard University).

(345) JOSEPH G. BLANDI, MARYLAND BUSINESS CORPORATIONS 1783-1852 (Johns Hopkins


(346) Vincent W. Westrup, A Comparative Study of the Corporation Laws of the States of New

Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and New York, 11 N.Y.U.L.Q. Rev. 349 (1934).

(347) E. Merrick Dodd, Jr., Statutory Developments in Business Corporation Law, 1886-1936 50

Harv. L. Rev. 27 (1936)

(348) James L. Wolcott, The Development of the Delaware Corporation Law (1937) (Harvard GSB

Graduate Thesis) (on file with the Law School Library, Harvard University)

(349) George D. Hornstein, Rights of Stockholders in the New York Courts, 56 Yale L. J. 942 (Jun.,

1947).

(350) GEORGE HEBERTON EVANS, JR. BUSINESS INCORPORATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1800-

1943 (Nat’l Bureau of Econ. Research, Inc., New York: 1948).

(351) JOHN W. CADMAN, JR., THE CORPORATION IN NEW JERSEY: BUSINESS AND POLITICS, 1781-

1875 (Harvard University Press, 1949).

(352) Kenneth K. Luce, Trends in Modern Corporation Legislation, 50 Mich. L. Rev. 1291 (1951-

1952).

(353) Ray Garrett, History, Purpose and Summary of the Model Business Corporation Act, 6 Bus.

Law. [vii] (1950-1951)

(354) EDWIN MERRICK DODD, AMERICAN BUSINESS CORPORATIONS UNTIL 1860 (Harvard


1 cf. Simeon E. Baldwin, Review, 23 Am. Hist. Rev. 185, 186 (Oct. 1977) (reviewing JOSEPH STANCLIFFE

DAVIS, ESSAYS IN THE EARLIER HISTORY OF AMERICAN CORPORATIONS (1917).

33

(355) Wilber G. Katz, The Philosophy of Midcentury Corporation Statutes, 23 L. & Contemp.

Probs. 177 (Spring, 1958)

(356) Paul P. Harbrecht & Joseph A. McCallin, The Corporation and the State in Anglo-American

Law and Politics, 10 J. Pub. L. 1 (1961)

(357) Richard F.Corroon, The Proposed New Delaware Corporation Statute, 20 J. Legal Educ. 522

(1967-1968).

(358) Hugh L. Sowards & James S. Mofsky, Factors Affecting the Development of Corporation

Law, 23 U. Miami L. Rev. 476 (1969).

(359) JAMES WILLARD HURST, THE LEGITIMACY OF THE BUSINESS CORPORATION IN THE LAW OF

THE UNITED STATES, 1780-1970 (University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville: 1970).

(360) S. Samuel Arsht, A History of Delaware Corporation Law, 1 Del. J. Corp. L. 1 (1976).

(361) Joel Seligman, A Brief History of Delaware's General Corporation Law of 1899, 1 Del. J.

Corp. L. 249 (1976).

(362) Walter Werner, Corporation Law in Search of its Future, 81 Colum. L. Rev. 1611 (Dec.,

1981).

(363) Edmund Kitch, Regulation and the American Common Market, in REGULATION

FEDERALISM, AND INTERSTATE COMMERCE 9 (A. Dan Tarlock ed., Cambridge, Mass.;

Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain, 1981).

(364) Melvin I. Urofsky, Proposed Federal Incorporation in the Progressive Era, 26 Am. J. L.

Hist. 160 (Apr., 1982).

(365) Henry N. Butler, Nineteenth-Century Jurisdictional Competition in the Granting of

Corporate Privileges, 14 J. Legal Stud. 129 (Jan., 1985).

(366) Robert D. Tollison & William F. Shughart, II, Corporate Chartering: An Exploration in the

Economics of Legal Change, 23 Econ. Inq. 585 (Oct. 1985).

(367) Henry N. Butler, General Incorporation in Nineteenth Century England: Interaction of

Common Law and Legislative Processes, 6 Int'l Rev. L. & Econ. 169 (1986).

(368) David S. Schaffer, Jr., Delaware's Limit on Director Liability: How the Market for

Incorporation Shapes Corporate Law, 10 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol'y 665 (1987).

(369) Christopher Grandy, New Jersey Corporate Chartermongering, 1875-1929, 49 J. Econ. Hist.

677 (1989).

(370) Christopher Grandy, Turn of the Century Chartermongering: Evidence from New Jersey,

Delaware, New York, and Rhode Island (Working Paper 1988).

(371) Curtis Alva, Delaware and the Market for Corporate Charters: History and Agency, 15 Del.

J. Corp. L. 885 (1990).

(372) CHRISTOPHER GRANDY, NEW JERSEY AND THE FISCAL ORIGINS OF MODERN AMERICAN

CORPORATION LAW, (Garland Publishing, New York: 1993).

(373) Gary D. Libecap, Book Review, 53 J. Econ. Hist. 962 (Dec., 1993) (reviewing CHRISTOPHER

GRANDY, NEW JERSEY AND THE FISCAL ORIGINS OF MODERN AMERICAN CORPORATION

LAW, (Garland Publishing, New York: 1993)).

(374) Stephen J. Choi, Investor Liability: Financial Innovations in the Regulatory State and the

Coming Revolution in Corporate Law, 107 Harv. L. Rev. 1941 (1994).

34

(375) Gregory A. Mark, The Court and the Corporation: Jurisprudence, Localism, and Federalism,

1997 Sup. Ct. Rev. 403 (1997).

(376) Robert W. Hamilton, Corporate Governance in America 1950-2000: Major Changes but

Uncertain Benefits, 25 J. Corp. L. 349 (1999-2000).

(377) Richard A. Booth, A Chronology of the Evolution of the MBCA, 56 Bus. Law. 63 (2000).

(378) Christopher J. Cyphers, Testing the Limits of Federalism, in THE NATIONAL CIVIC

FEDERATION AND THE MAKING OF A NEW LIBERALISM, 1900-1915, at 153 (Christopher J.

Cyphers ed.) (2002).

(379) Yuwa Wei, The History of the Corporation in China, 6 Uni. West. Syd. L. Rev. (UWSLR) 95

(2002).

(380) Yuwa Wei, The Historical Development of the Corporation and Corporate Law in China, 14

Aust. J. Corp. L. 240 (2002).

(381) Gregory A. Mark, The Legal History of Corporate Scandal: Some Observations on the

Ancestry and Significance of the Enron Era, 35 Conn. L. Rev. 1073 (2002-2003).

(382) John Joseph Wallis, Market Augmenting Government? The State and the Corporation in 19th

Century America, in MARKET-AUGMENTING GOVERNMENT: THE INSTITUTIONAL

FOUNDATIONS FOR PROSPERITY, (Omer Azfar & Charles A. Cadwell eds.) (2003).

(383) Naomi R. Lamoreaux, Partnerships, Corporations, and the Limits on Contractual Freedom

in U.S. History: An Essay in Economics, Law, and Culture, in CONSTRUCTING CORPORATE

AMERICA: HISTORY, POLITICS, AND CULTURE 29 (Kenneth Lipartito & David B. Sicilia eds.)

(New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).

(384) Harald Baum, Change of Governance in Historic Perspective: The German Experience, in

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CONTEXT: CORPORATIONS, STATES, AND MARKETS IN

EUROPE, JAPAN, AND THE US, 3 (Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy Wymeersch, Hideka Kanda & Harald

Baum eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2005).

(385) Timur Kuran, The Absence of the Corporation in Islamic Law: Origins and Persistence, 53

Am. J. Comp. L. 785 (2005).

(386) John J. Wallis, Constitutions, Corporations, and Corruption: American States and

Constitutional Change, 1842 to 1852, 65 J. Econ. Hist. 211 (2005).

(387) J. J. Chausovsky, The Corporation Question in the States, 1865-1900: Debates in the

Constitutional Conventions (Apr. 2005) (paper presented at the annual meeting of the

Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, Illinois) (on file with

the allacademic.com).

(388) John Joseph Wallis, Constitutions, Corporations, and Corruption: American States and

Constitutional Change, 1842 to 1852, 65 J. Econ. Hist. 211 (2005).

(389) Harald Baum, Change of Governance in Historic Perspective: The German Experience, in

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CONTEXT: CORPORATIONS, STATES, AND MARKETS IN

EUROPE, JAPAN, AND THE US, 3 (Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy Wymeersch, Hideka Kanda & Harald

Baum eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2005).

(390) Rob McQueen, Company Law as Imperialism, 5 Aust. J. Comp. L. 8 (May 1995).

(391) E. Norman Veasey & Christine T. Di Guglielmo, What Happened in Delaware Corporate

Law and Governance From 1992-2004? A Retrospective on Some Key Developments, 153 U.

Pa. L. Rev. 1399 (May, 2005).

35

(392) Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Assaf Hamdani, Federal Corporate Law: Lessons from History, 106

Colum. L. Rev. 1793 (2006).

(393) Jonathan Chausovsky, State Regulation of Corporations in the Late Nineteenth Century: A

Critique of the New Jersey Thesis, 21 Stud. Am. Pol. Dev. 30 (Spring 2007).

(394) Charles M. Yablon, The Historical Race Competition for Corporate Charters and the Rise

and Decline of New Jersey: 1880-1910, 32 Iowa J. Corp. L. 323 (Winter, 2007).

(2) Retrospective Perspectives

(395) B. J. Ramage, Growth and Moral Attitude of Corporations, 49 Am. L. Reg. 221 (1901).

(396) Charles F. Bostwick & Charles W. Coleman, Where to Incorporate, 3 (The) Brief 162 (1901).

(397) Roberta Romano, After the Revolution in Corporate Law, 55 J. Leg. Ed. 342 (2005).

(3) Path Dependency

(398) Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Mark J. Roe, A Theory of Path Dependence in Corporate

Ownership and Governance, 52 Stan. L. Rev. 127 (November, 1999).

C. Doctrinal Foundations

(1) Government Discipline School (Race to the Bottom)

(399) Note, Little Delaware Makes a Bid for the Organization of Trusts, 33 Am. L. Rev. 418

(1899).

(400) Special, Secretaries of States as Corporation Hunters.; James B. Dill Tells Pennsylvania

Lawyers of Rivalry for Corporate Supremacy -- New York's Unfavorable Position, N.Y.

TIMES, June 30, 1903, at 6.

(401) William E. Church, The ―Tramp‖ Corporation, 64 Alb. L. J. 275 (1903).

(402) Lincoln Steffens, New Jersey: A Traitor State, Pt. II, 25 McClure’s Mag. 41 (1905).

(403) Raymond T. Zillmer, State Laws: Survival of the Unfit, 62 U. Pa. L. Rev. 509 (1913-1914).

(404) Adolph A. Berle, Jr., Investors and the Revised Delaware Corporation Act, 29 Colum. L.

Rev. 563 (1929).

(405) Louis K. Liggett Co. v. Lee, , 288 U.S. 517 (1933).

(406) Henry W. Ballantine, Major Changes in California Corporate Law, 6 Cal. St. B.J. 159

(1931).

36

(407) E. Merrick Dodd, Jr., Statutory Developments in Business Corporation Law, 1886-1936, 50

Harv. L. Rev. 27 (1936).

(408) Wiley B. Rutledge, Jr., Significant Trends in Modern Incorporation Statutes, 22 Wash. U. L.

Q. 305 (1937).

(409) Benjamin Harris, Jr., The Model Business Corporation Act – Invitation to Irresponsibility?,

50 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1 (1955)).

(410) Elvin R. Latty, Why are Business Corporation Laws Largely ―Enabling‖?, 50 Cornell L. Q.

599 (1965).

(411) Harry M. First, Law for Sale: A Study of the Delaware Corporation Law of 1967, 117 U. Pa.

L. Rev. 861 (Apr., 1969).

(412) William L. Cary, Federalism and Corporate Law: Reflections upon Delaware, 83 Yale L.J.

663 (1973-1974).

(413) William L. Cary, Summary of Article on Federalism and Corporate Law, 31 Bus. Law. 1105

(1975-1976).

(414) Ernest L. Folk, III, State Statutes: Their Role in Prescribing Norms of Responsible

Management Conduct, 31 Bus. Law. 1031 (1975-1976). See, for the discussion of this article

31 Bus. L. 1081 – 91.

(415) Charles W. Murdock, Delaware: The Race to the Bottom - Is an End in Sight?, 9 Loy. U. Chi.

L.J. 643 (1978).

(416) Melvin Aron Eisenberg, The Modernization of Corporate Law: An Essay for Bill Cary, 37 U.

Miami L. Rev. 187 (1983).

(417) John C. Coffee, Jr., The Future of Corporate Federalism: State Competition and the New

Trend Toward De Facto Federal Minimum Standards, 8 Cardozo L. Rev. 759 (1987).

(418) John C. Coffee Jr., No Exit: Opting Out, the Contractual Theory of the Corporation and the

Special Case of Remedies, 53 Brook. L. Rev. 919 (1987-1988).

(419) Diane L. Saltoun, Fortifying the Directorial Stronghold: Delaware Limits Director Liability,

29 B. C. L. Rev. 481 (1987-1988).

(420) Melvin Aron Eisenberg, The Structure of Corporation Law, 89 Colum. L. Rev. 1461 (Nov.,

1989).

(421) Melvin Aron Eisenberg, Bad Arguments in Corporate Law, 78 Geo. L. J. 1551 (1989-1990).

(422) John C. Coffee, Jr., Comment in “The Most-Cited Articles from the Yale Law Journal‖, (Fred

R. Shapiro eds.) 100 Yale L.J. 1449 (1991).

(423) Lucian Arye Bebchuk, Federalism and the Corporation: The Desirable Limits on State

Competition in Corporate Law, 105 Harv. L. Rev. 1435 (1992).

(424) Jason M. Quintana, Going Private Transactions: Delaware's Race to the Bottom, 2004

Colum. Bus. L. Rev. 547 (2004).

(425) LYNN M. LOPUCKI, COURTING FAILURE: HOW COMPETITION FOR BIG CASES IS CORRUPTING

THE BANKRUPTCY COURTS (The University of Michigan Press, 2005).

(426) Gary M. Brown, Changing Models in Corporate Governance – Implications of the US

Sarbanes – Oxley Act, in CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CONTEXT: CORPORATIONS, STATES,

AND MARKETS IN EUROPE, JAPAN, AND THE US, 143 (Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy Wymeersch,

Hideka Kanda & Harald Baum eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2005).

37

(427) Martin F. Hellwig, Market Discipline, Information Processing, and Corporate Governance,

in CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CONTEXT: CORPORATIONS, STATES, AND MARKETS IN

EUROPE, JAPAN, AND THE US, 379 (Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy Wymeersch, Hideka Kanda &

Harald Baum eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2005).

(428) Stephen P. Ferris, Robert M. Lawless, & Gregory Noronha, The Influence of State Legal

Environments on Firm Incorporation Decisions and Values, 2 J. L. Econ. & Pol. 1 (2006).

(2) Anti-Business Sentiment

(429) Speed Mosby, The Corporation System – An Argument for Its Abolition, 34 Am. L. Rev. 544

(1900).

(430) RALPH NADER, MARK GREEN & JOEL SELIGMAN., TAMING THE GIANT CORPORATION:

TAMING THE GIANT CORPORATION: HOW THE LARGEST CORPORATIONS CONTROL OUR

LIVES (W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.; 1976).

(431) Richard L. Grossman and Frank T. Adams, Taking Care of Business: Citizenship and the

Charter of Incorporation, Earth Island J. 34 (Spring 1993).

(3) Bankruptcy Reform

(432) Lynn M. LoPucki & Sara D. Kalin, The Failure of Public Company Bankruptcies in

Delaware and New York: Empirical Evidence of a "Race to the Bottom," 54 Vand. L. Rev.

231 (2001).

(433) LYNN M. LOPUCKI, COURTING FAILURE: HOW COMPETITION FOR BIG CASES IS CORRUPTING

THE BANKRUPTCY COURTS (The University of Michigan Press, 2005).

(4) Market Discipline School (Race to the Top)

(434) Ralph K. Winter, Jr., Economic Regulation vs. Competition: Ralph Nader and Creeping

Capitalism, 82 Yale L. J. 890 (1972-1973).

(435) S. Samuel Arsht, Reply to Professor Cary, 31 Bus. L. 1113 (1976).

(436) Ralph K. Winter, Jr., State Law, Shareholder Protection, and the Theory of the Corporation,

6 J. Legal Stud. 251 (1977).

(437) Daniel R. Fischel, The "Race to the Bottom" Revisited: Reflections on Recent Developments

in Delaware's Corporation Law, 76 Nw. U. L. Rev. 913 (1982)

(438) RALPH K. WINTER, GOVERNMENT AND THE CORPORATION (Washington, D.C., AEI Press,

1978)

(439) Ralph K. Winter, Jr., Private Goals and Competition among State Legal Systems, 6 Harv. J.

L. & Pub. Pol'y 127 (1982-1983).

38

(440) Ralph K. Winter, Jr., Private Goals and Competition among State Legal Systems, 6 Harv. J.

L. & Pub. Pol'y 127 (1982-1983).

(441) Ralph K. Winter, Jr., The Development of the Law of Corporate Governance, 9 Del. J. Corp.

L. 524 (1984).

(442) Roberta Romano, Law as a Product: Some Pieces of the Incorporation Puzzle, 1 J.L. Econ. &

Org. 225 (Autumn, 1985).

(443) Roberta Romano, The State Competition Debate in Corporate Law, 8 Cardozo L. Rev. 709

(1987).

(444) Ralph K. Winter, Jr., On Protecting the Ordinary Investor, 63 Wash. L. Rev. 881 (1998).

(445) Roberta Romano, Answering the Wrong Question: The Tenuous Case for Mandatory

Corporate Laws, 89 Colum. L. Rev. 1599 (Nov., 1989).

(446) ROBERTA ROMANO, THE GENIUS OF AMERICAN CORPORATE LAW (AEI Press, 1993).

(447) David A. Drexler, The Growth of Corporate Law, in THE DELAWARE BAR IN THE

TWENTIETH CENTURY 583 (Helen L. Winslow, Anne E. Bookout & Patricia C. Hannigan

eds., 1994).

(448) FRANK H. EASTERBROOK & DANIEL R. FISCHEL, THE ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF

CORPORATE LAW (2nd

ed. 1996).

(449) Alvin K. Klevorick, Reflections on the Race to the Bottom, in FAIR TRADE AND

HARMONIZATION, VOL. 1: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (J. N. Bhagwati & R. E. Hudec eds.) (1996)

(450) Roberta Romano, Corporate Law and Corporate Governance, 5 Ind. & Corp. Chg. 277

(1996).

(451) Roberta Romano, Explaining American Exceptionalism in Corporate Law, in

INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY COMPETITION AND COORDINATION: PERSPECTIVES ON

ECONOMIC REGULATION IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES 127 (J. McCahery, W.

Bratton, S. Picciotto and C. Scott, eds.) (Clarendon Press, 1996)

(452) Roberta Romano, State Competition for Corporate Charters, in THE NEW FEDERALISM: CAN

THE STATES BE TRUSTED? 129 (J. Ferejohn and B. Weingast, eds.) (Hoover Institution,

1997).

(453) E. Norman Veasey, The Defining Tension in Corporate Governance in America, 52 Bus.

Law. 393 (1996-1997).

(454) Roberta Romano, Corporate Law as the Paradigm for Contractual Choice of Law, in THE

FALL AND RISE OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT, 370 (Francis H. Buckley ed.) (Duke University

Press; 1999).

(455) William T. Allen, The Pride and the Hope of Delaware Corporate Law, 25 Del. J. Corp. L.

70 (2000).

(456) Leo E. Strine, Jr., Delaware's Corporate-Law System: Is Corporate America Buying An

Exquisite Jewel Or A Diamond In The Rough? A Response to Kahan & Kamar's Price

Discrimination in the Market for Corporate Law, 86 Cornell L. Rev. 1257 (September,

2001).

(457) Robert H. Sitkoff, Corporate Political Speech, Political Extortion, and the Competition for

Corporate Charters, 69 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1103 (2002).

39

(458) ROBERTA ROMANO, THE ADVANTAGE OF COMPETITIVE FEDERALISM FOR SECURITIES

REGULATION (AEI Press, 2002).

(5) Intermediate Views

(459) Ralph C. Ferrara & Marc I. Steinberg, Reappraisal of Santa Fe: Rule 10b-5 and the New

Federalism, 129 U. Pa. L. Rev. 263 (1980-1981).

(460) Robert L. Knauss, Corporate Governance--A Moving Target, 79 Mich. L. Rev. 478 (1980-

1981).

(461) John C. Jr. Coffee, No Exit: Opting Out, the Contractual Theory of the Corporation and the

Special Case of Remedies, 53 Brook. L. Rev. 919 (1987-1988).

(462) Ralph K. Winter, Jr., The Race for the Top Revisited: A Comment on Eisenberg, 89 Colum. L.

Rev. 1526 (1989).

(463) William W. Bratton, Corporate Law's Race to Nowhere in Particular, 44 U. Toronto L. J.

401 (1994). (reviewing The Genius of American Corporate Law by Roberta Romano

(Washington: The AEI Press 1993) pp. xvii, 161).

(464) Edmund Kitch, Business Organization Law: State or Federal? An Inquiry into the Allocation

of Political Competence in Relation to Issues of Business Organization Law in a Federal

System, in EUROPEAN BUSINESS LAW: LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSES ON INTEGRATION

AND HARMONIZATION, 35 (Richard Buxbaum, Gérard Hertig, Alain Hirsch & Klaus Hopt

eds.) (Berlin/New York, De Gruyter, 1991).

(465) Martha B. Trofimenko & Catherine S. Mulholland, Delaware, U.S.A.: Home, Sweet

Corporate Home, 1 Can. Int’l Law. 218 (1995).

(466) Alvin K. Klevorick, The Race to the Bottom in a Federal System: Lessons from the World of

Trade Policy, 14 Yale L. & Pol'y Rev. 177 (1996).

(467) Timothy J. Brennan, Regulation and Competition as Complements, in Obtaining the best

from Regulation and Competition (Topics in Regulatory Economics and Policy), 1 (Michael

A. Crew & Menahem Spiegel eds.) (Springer Publishing, 2004).

(468) Daniel Grennwood, The Mysterious Race to the Top/Bottom, 23 Yale Law and Policy Review

381 (2005).

D. Political Foundations of the Charter Market

(1) Regulatory Hostage Theory

(469) Oliver E. Williamson, Credible Commitments: Using Hostages to Support Exchange, 73 Am.

Econ. Rev. 519 (1983).

(470) ROBERTA ROMANO, THE GENIUS OF AMERICAN CORPORATE LAW (AEI Press, 1993).

40

(471) William W. Bratton & Joseph McCahery, Regulatory Competition as Regulatory Capture:

The Case of Corporate Law in the USA, in INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY COMPETITION

AND COORDINATION: PERSPECTIVES ON ECONOMIC REGULATION IN EUROPE AND THE

UNITED STATES 207 (Joseph McCahery, William W. Bratton, Sol Picciotto & Colin Scott

eds., New York: 1997).

(472) Eric Kades, Freezing the Company Charter, 79 N. Car. L. Rev. 111 (2000).

(2) Interest Group Theory

(473) William R. Vance, Federal Control of Insurance Corporations, 17 Green Bag 83 (1905).

(474) Gordon Tullock, Welfare Costs of Tariffs, Monopolies and Theft, 5 West. Econ. J. 224 (June,

1967).


663, 690-92 (1973-1974).

(476) Anne O. Krueger, The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society, 64 Am. Econ. Rev.

291 (June 1974).

(477) Henry N. Butler, Legal Change in an Interest Group Perspective: The Demise of Special

Corporate Chartering (1982) (Ph.D. dissertation, V.P.I. & State Univ.)

(478) Eric Stein, Lawyers, Judges, and the Making of a Transnational Constitution, 75 Am. J. Int’l

L. 1 (Jan., 1981).

(479) David C. Bayne, Lawyer and Corporate Governance: Conflict of Interest, 26 St. Louis U.L.J.

400 (1982).

(480) William F. Shughart, II & Robert D. Tollison, Corporate Chartering: An Exploration in the

Economics of Legal Change, 23 Econ. Inq. 585 (Oct., 1985) reprinted in THE POLITICAL

ECONOMY OF RENT SEEKING, 391 (Charles Kershaw Rowley & Robert D. Tollison eds.)

(Springer Publishing; 1988).

(481) Fred S. McChesney, Rent Extraction and Rent Creation in the Economic Theory of

Regulation, 16 J. L. Stud. 1 (Jan., 1987).

(482) Jonathan R. Macey & Geoffrey P. Miller, Toward an Interest-Group Theory of Delaware

Corporate Law, 65 Tex. L. Rev. 469 (1987).

(483) Jonathan R. Macey, State Anti-Takeover Statutes: Good Politics, Bad Economics, 1988 Wis.

L. Rev. 467 (1988).

(484) Michael A. Crew & Charles K. Rowley, Dispelling the Disinterest In Deregulation, in THE

POLITICAL ECONOMY OF RENT SEEKING, STUDIES IN PUBLIC CHOICE VOL. II 163 (Gordon

Tullock ed.) (1988).

(485) Susan P. Koniak, The Law Between the Bar and the State, 70 N.C. L. Rev. 1389 (1992).

(486) Alfred F. Conard, Corporate Constituencies in Western Europe, 21 Stetson L. Rev. 73

(1991).

(487) Ralph K. Winter, Jr., Paying Lawyers, Empowering Prosecutors, and Protecting Managers:

Raising the Cost of Capital in America, 42 Duke L. J. 945 (1992-1993)

41

(488) John E. Coffee, Jr., Unstable Coalitions: Corporate Governance as a Multi-Player Game, 78

Geo. L. J. 1495 (1989-1990).

(489) Paul H. Rubin & Martin J. Bailey, The Role of Lawyers in Changing the Law, 23 J. Legal

Studies 807 (1994).

(490) Michael Hartmann, Bank Lawyers: A Professional Group Holding the Reins of Power, in

PROFESSIONAL COMPETITION AND PROFESSIONAL POWER: LAWYERS, ACCOUNTANTS AND

THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF MARKETS 77 (Yves Dezalay & David Sugarman eds.) (New

York : Routledge, 1995).

(491) William J. Carney, The Political Economy of Competition for Corporate Charters, 26 J.

Legal Stud. 303 (Jan., 1997).

(492) Yves Dezalay, Between the State, Law and the Market: The Social and Professional Stakes in

the Construction and Definition of a Regulatory Arena, in INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY

COMPETITION AND COORDINATION: PERSPECTIVES ON ECONOMIC REGULATION IN EUROPE

AND THE UNITED STATES 59 (Joseph McCahery, William W. Bratton, Sol Picciotto, & Scott

eds., New York: 1997).

(493) William J. Carney, The Production of Corporate Law, 71 S. Cal. L. Rev. 715 (May, 1998).

(494) William W. Bratton, Delaware Law as Applied Public Choice Theory: Bill Cary and the

Basic Course after Twenty-Five Years, 34 Ga. L. Rev. 447 (1999-2000).

(495) John W. Cioffi, Governing Globalization? The State, Law, and Structural Change in

Corporate Governance, 27 J. L. & Soc. 572 (Dec., 2000).

(496) John C. Coates IV, Explaining Variation in Takeover Defenses: Blame the Lawyers, 89 Cal.

L. Rev. 1301 (2001).

(497) GENE M. GROSSMAN & ELHANAN HELPMAN, SPECIAL INTEREST POLITICS (MIT Press,

2001).

(498) MARK J. ROE, POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: POLITICAL

CONTEXT, CORPORATE IMPACT (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003) (2002).

(499) Omri Yadlin, Commentary on Sitkoff, 69 U Chi L Rev 1167 (2002).

(500) Peter A. Gourevitch, The Politics of Corporate Governance Regulation, 112 Yale L. J. 1829

(May, 2003) (reviewing MARK J. ROE, POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF CORPORATE

GOVERNANCE: POLITICAL CONTEXT, CORPORATE IMPACT (New York: Oxford University

Press, 2003) (2002))

(501) SYMPOSIUM: SMITH v. VAN GORKOM:, Jonathan R. Macey, Insights About C.E.O.s,

Corporate Law Rules, and The Jurisdictional Competition for Corporate Charters, 96 Nw.

U.L. Rev. 607 (Winter, 2002).

(502) William W. Bratton, Gaming Delaware, 40 Willamette L. Rev. 853 (Fall, 2004).

(503) Jonathan R. Macey, Wall Street in Turmoil: Federal State Relations Post Eliot Spitzer, 70

Brook. L. Rev. 117 (2004) .

(504) John W. Cioffi, The State of the Corporation: State Power, Politics, Policymaking and

Corporate Governance in the United States, Germany and France, in TRANS-ATLANTIC

POLICYMAKING IN AN AGE OF AUSTERITY, 253 (Martin Shapiro & Martin Levin eds.)

(Georgetown University Press, 2004).

42

(505) Jonathan Macey, Politics on Wall Street: The Implications of Eliot Spitzer on State-Federal

Relations in the Regulation of Public Corporations and Capital Markets in the United States,

70 Brook. L. Rev. 117 (2004 – 2005).

(506) Jonathan R. Macey, Delaware: Home of The World's Most Expensive Raincoat, 33 Hofstra

L. Rev. 1131 (Summer, 2005)

(507) Pietro Tommasino, The Political Economy of Investor Protection, (Bank of Italy, Econ.

Research Dept. Econ. Working Papers No. 604) (Dec., 2006).

(508) John W. Cioffi, Building Finance Capitalism: The Regulatory Politics of Corporate

Governance Reform in the United States and Germany, in THE STATE AFTER STATISM: NEW

STATE ACTIVITIES IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION AND LIBERALIZATION (Jonah Levy ed.)

(Harvard University Press, 2006).

(509) Lucian A. Bebchuk & Zvika Neeman, Investor Protection and Interest Group Politics (Nat’l

Bureau of Econ. Research, Working Paper no. 13702, 2007).

(510) Enrico Perotti & Paolo Volpin, Politics, Investor Protection and Competition (Eur. Corp.

Gov. Ins. (ECGI), Working Paper No. 162/2007) (May 2007).

(511) John W. Cioffi, Revenge of the Law? Securities Litigation Reform and Sarbanes-Oxley‘s

Structural Regulation of Corporate Governance, in CREATING COMPETITIVE MARKETS: THE

POLITICS OF REGULATORY REFORM, 60 (Marc K. Landy, Martin A. Levin & Martin Shapiro

eds.) (Brookings Institution Press, 2007).

(512) Steen Thomsen, The Hidden Meaning of Codes: Corporate Governance and Investor Rent

Seeking, 7 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 845 (Dec., 2007).

(3) The Lawyer’s Role in Corporate Governance

(513) Peter S. Grosscup, Corporation Problem and the Lawyer‘s Part in Its Solution, 39 Am. L.

Rev. 835 (1905).

(514) George D. Hornstein, The Counsel Fee in Stockholder's Derivative Suits, 39 Colum. L. Rev.

784 (1939).

(515) George D. Hornstein, Legal Therapeutics: The Salvage Factor in Counsel Fee Awards, 69

Harv. L. Rev. 658 (1955-1956).

(516) BERYL HAROLD LEVY, CORPORATION LAWYER: SAINT OR SINNER? (Chilton Co.; 1961).

(517) Sherwin Rosen, The Market for Lawyers, 35 J. L. & Econ. 215 (1992).

(518) Sol Picciotto & Joseph McCahery, Creative Lawyering and the Dynamics of Business

Regulation, in PROFESSIONAL COMPETITION AND PROFESSIONAL POWER: LAWYERS,

ACCOUNTANTS AND THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF MARKETS 238 (Yves Dezalay & David

Sugarman eds.) (New York : Routledge, 1995).

(519) E. Norman Veasey, State-Federal Tension in Corporate Governance and the Professional

Responsibilities of Advisors, 28 J. Corp. L. 441 (2003).

(520) David B. Wilkins & John C. Coates. How Corporations Purchase Legal Services (2003).

(521) John C. Coffee, Jr., Gatekeeper Failure and Reform: The Challenge of Fashioning Relevant

Reforms, in CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CONTEXT: CORPORATIONS, STATES, AND

43

MARKETS IN EUROPE, JAPAN, AND THE US, 599 (Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy Wymeersch, Hideka

Kanda & Harald Baum eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2005).

(522) JOHN C. COFFEE, JR., GATEKEEPERS: THE PROFESSIONS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

(Oxford University Press; 2006).

(4) Corporate Law Drafting Process

(523) Ernest L. Folk, III, Some Reflections of a Corporation Law Draftsman, 42 Conn. Bar J. 409

(1968).

(524) Mae Kuykendall, Reflections on a Corporate Law Draftsman: Ernest L. Folk's Lessons for

Writing and Judging Corporate Law, 35 Rutgers L.J. 391 (2003-2004).

(5) Political Foundations of Corporate Governance

(525) John Pound, The Rise of the Political Model of Corporate Governance and Corporate

Control, 68 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1003 (1993)

(526) Larry E. Ribstein, Politics, Adaptation and Change in Corporate Law, 8 Aust. J. Corp. L.

(AJCL) 246 (Feb., 1998).

(6) Public Choice Theory

(527) Robert G. Noll, Economic Perspectives on the Politics of Regulation, in Handbook of

Industrial Organization, Vol. II, 1254 (Richard Schmalensee & Robert D. Willig eds.)

(1989).

(528) Jonathan R. Macey, Federal Deference to Local Regulators and the Economic Theory of

Regulation: Toward a Public-Choice Explanation of Federalism, 76 Va L Rev 265 (1990).

(529) Mary E. Kostel, A Public Choice Perspective on the Debate over Federal Versus State

Corporate Law, 79 Va. L. Rev. 2129 (Nov., 1993).

(530) Erin A. O'Hara, Opting Out of Regulation: A Public Choice Analysis of Contractual Choice

of Law, 53 Vand. L. Rev. 1551 (2000).

(531) Jonathan R. Macey, The ‗Demand‘ for International Regulatory Cooperation: A Public

Choice Perspective, in TRANSATLANTIC REGULATORY CO-OPERATION: LEGAL PROBLEMS

AND POLITICAL PERSPECTIVES, 147 George A. Bermann, Matthias Herdegen, & Peter L.

Lindseth (eds.) (Oxford University Press 2000).

(532) Andrew T. Guzman, Public Choice and International Regulatory Competition, 90 Geo. L.J.

971 (Apr., 2002).

44

(7) Democracy and Charter Competition

(533) Daniel J.H. Greenwood, Democracy and Delaware: The Puzzle of Corporate Law (GWU

Law School, Public Law Research Paper No. 55; 2002) available at

<http://ssrn.com/abstract=363480> (Last visited Feb. 2, 2008).

(534) Kent Greenfield, Democracy and the Dominance of Delaware in Corporate Law, 67 Law &

Contemp. Probs. 135(2004).

E. Dimensions of Charter Market

(1) Charter Market Dynamics

(535) Richard W. Jennings, The Role of the States in Corporate Regulation and Investor

Protection, 23 Law & Contemp. Probs. 193 (1958).

(536) Barry D. Baysinger, A Theory of the Efficiency of Jurisdictional Choice: The Case of

Corporate Federalism (Sept. 1978) (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic

Inst. & State Univ.).

(537) Barry D. Baysinger & Henry N. Butler, The Role of Corporate Law in the Theory of the

Firm, 28 J.L. & Econ. Rev. 179 (1985).

(538) William J. Carney, Federalism and Corporate Law: A Non-Delaware View of the Results of

Competition, in INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY COMPETITION AND COORDINATION:

PERSPECTIVES ON ECONOMIC REGULATION IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES 153 (Joseph

McCahery, William W. Bratton, Sol Picciotto & Colin Scott eds., New York: 1997).

(539) Ian Ayres, Supply-Side Inefficiencies in Corporate Charter Competition: Lessons from

Patents, Yachting and Bluebooks, 43 U. Kan. L. Rev. 541 (1995).

(540) William W. Bratton & Joseph A. McCahery, The New Economics of Jurisdictional

Competition: Devolutionary Federalism in a Second-Best World, 86 Geo. L.J. 201 (1997-

1998).

(541) J. William Callison, Federalism, Regulatory Competition, and the Limited Liability

Movement: The Coyote Howled and the Herd Stampeded, 26 J. Corp. L. 951 (2000-2001).

(542) Michal Barzuza, Price Considerations in the Market for Corporate Law, 26 Cardozo L. Rev.

127 (November, 2004).

(543) Oren Bar-Gill, Michal Barzuza & Lucian A. Bebchuk, The Market for Corporate Law, 162 J.

Ins. & Theo. Econ. 134 (2006).

(544) William Wilson Bratton & Joseph A. McCahery, The Equilibrium Content of Corporate

Federalism, 41 WAKE FOREST L. REV. 619 (2006).

(545) Henry N. Butler, Smith v. Van Gorkom, Jurisdictional Competition, and the Role of Random

Mutations in the Evolution of Corporate Law, 45 Washburn L.J. 267 (Winter, 2006).

(546) Lawrence A. Hamermesh, The Policy Foundations of Delaware Corporate Law, 106 Colum.

L. Rev. 1749 (November, 2006)..

45

(547) Henry N. Butler, Smith v. Van Gorkom, Jurisdictional Competition, and the Role of Random

Mutations in the Evolution of Corporate Law, 45 Washburn L.J. 267 (Winter, 2006).

(2) Innovation in Business Organizations Law

(548) Susan Rose-Ackerman, Risk Taking and Reelection: Does Federalism Promote Innovation?,

9 J. Legal Stud. 593 (Jun., 1980).

(549) Michael J. Powell, Professional Innovation: Corporate Lawyers and Private Lawmaking, 18

L. & Soc. Inq. 423 (Summer 1993).

(550) Marcel Kahan & Michael Klausner, Standardization and Innovation in Corporate

Contracting (or "The Economics of Boilerplate"), 83 Va. L. Rev. 713 (1997).

(551) Curtis J. Milhaupt, The Market For Innovation In The United States And Japan: Venture

Capital And The Comparative Corporate Governance Debate, 91 Nw. U.L. Rev. 865

(Spring, 1997).

(552) Joseph A. McCahery & Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Innovative Business Forms for High Tech

Start-ups in Europe, 13 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. 243 (2002).

(553) Katharina Pistor et al., Innovation in Corporate Law, 31 J. Comp. Econ. 676 (2003).

(554) Roberta Romano, The States as a Laboratory: Legal Innovation and State Competition for

Corporate Charters, 23 Yale J. Reg. 209 (2006).

(555) Joseph A. McCahery, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, Masato Hisatake, Jun Saito, Traditional and

Innovative Approaches to Legal Reform: The `New Company Law`, 8 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev.

(EBOR) 7 (2007).

(3) Density Dependent View (Network Effects Theory)

(556) William Brian Arthur, Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-in by

Historical Events, 99 Econ. J. 116 (1989).

(557) WILLIAM BRIAN ARTHUR, INCREASING RETURNS AND PATH DEPENDENCE IN THE ECONOMY

(ECONOMICS, COGNITION, AND SOCIETY) (University of Michigan Press; 1994).

(558) Richard M. Buxbaum, Is `Network' a Legal Concept?, 149 J. Ins. & Theo. Econ. 698 (1994).

(559) Stan J. Liebowitz & Stephen E. Margolis, Network Externality: An Uncommon Tragedy, 8 J.

Econ. Pers. 133 (Spring 1994).

(560) Michael Klausner, Corporations, Corporate Law, and Networks of Contracts, 81 Va. L. Rev.

757 (1995).

(561) Marcel Kahan & Michael Klausner, Path Dependence in Corporate Contracting: Increasing

Retuns, Herd Behavior and Cognitive Biases, 74 Wash. U. L. Q. 347 (1996).

(562) Marcel Kahan & Michael Klausner, Standardization and Innovation in Corporate

Contracting (or "The Economics of Boilerplate"), 83 Va. L. Rev. 713 (1997).

46

(563) Brett H. McDonnell, Getting Stuck Between Bottom and Top: State Competition for

Corporate Charters in the Presence of Network Effects, 31 Hofstra L. Rev. 681 (Spring,

2003)

(564) Bruce Easmunt, Delaware‘s Dominance in the Field of Corporate Law: Actual Superiority,

or Merely the Assumption Thereof?, (George Mason University Working Paper) available at

<http://www.vsb.org/sections/cc/docs/bruceeasmunt.doc> (Last visited Feb. 18, 2008).

(4) Symbiotic Federalism and the Dual Control of the Corporations

(565) Thomas L. Hazen, Corporate Chartering and the Securities Markets: Shareholder Suffrage,

Corporate Responsibility and Managerial Accountability, 1978 Wis. L. Rev. 391, 437 (1978).

(566) Eric A. Lustig, The Emerging Role of the Federal Tax Law in Regulating Hostile Corporate

Takeover Defenses: The New Section 5881 Excise Tax on Greenmail, 40 U. Fla. L. Rev. 789

(1988).

(567) Joel Seligman, The New Corporate Law, 59 Brook. L. Rev. 1 (1993).

(568) William W. Bratton, Corporate Law's Race to Nowhere in Particular, 44 U. Toronto L.J. 401

(1994)

(569) Pierre Salmon, Vertical Competition in a Unitary State, in COMPETITION & STRUCTURE: THE

POLITICAL ECONOMY OF COLLECTIVE DECISIONS: ESSAYS IN HONOR OF ALBERT BRETON

239 (Gianluigi Galeotti, Pierre Salmon & Ronald Wintrobe eds.) (Cambridge University

Press: 2000).

(570) Mark J. Roe, Delaware‘s Competition, 117 Harv. L. Rev. 588 (2003).

(571) Robert B. Thompson, Collaborative Corporate Governance: Listing Standards, State Law,

and Federal Regulation, 38 Wake Forest L. Rev. 961 (2003).

(572) Renee Jones, Rethinking Corporate Federalism in the Era of Corporate Reform, 29 J. Corp.

L. 625 (2004).

(573) Steven A. Bank, Tax, Corporate Governance, and Norms, 61 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 1159

(2004).

(574) Marcel Kahan & Edward Rock, Symbiotic Federalism and the Structure of Corporate Law,

58 Vand. L. Rev. 1573 (October, 2005).

(575) Mark J. Roe, Regulatory Competition in Making Corporate Law in the United States--and its

Limits, 21 Ox. Rev. Econ. Pol. 232 (Summer 2005).

(576) Robert B. Thompson, Delaware, the Feds, and the Stock Exchange: Challenges to the First

State as First in Corporate Law, 29 Del. J. Corp. L. 779 (2004).

(577) Mark J. Roe, Delaware‘s Politics, 118 Harv. L. Rev. 2491 (2005).

(578) Mark J. Roe, Regulatory Competition in Making Corporate Law in the United States – and its

Limits, 21 Ox. Rev. Econ. Pol. 232 (2005).

(579) Robert B. Ahdieh, From "Federalization" to "Mixed Governance" in Corporate Law: A

Defense of Sarbanes-Oxley, 53 Buffalo L. Rev. 721 (Summer, 2005).

47

(580) Pierre-Luc Arsenault, The Case for Federal Threats in Corporate Governance, 118 Harv. L.

Rev. 2726 (June, 2005).

(581) William W. Bratton & Joseph McCahery, The Equilibrium Content of Corporate Federalism,

41 Wake Forest L. Rev. 619 (2006).

(582) Renee M. Jones, Modern Federalism Issues and American Business: Article & Essay: Does

Federalism Matter? Its Perplexing Role in the Corporate Governance Debate, 41 Wake

Forest L. Rev. 879 (Fall, 2006).

(583) Robert B. Thompson, Corporate Federalism in the Administrative State: The SEC's

Discretion to Move the Line Between the State and Federal Realms of Corporate

Governance, 82 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1143 (March, 2007).

(584) Timothy P. Glynn, Delaware‘s Vantage Point: The Empire Strikes Back in the Post-Post-

Enron Era, 103 Nw. L. Rev. (forthcoming 2009), available at

<http://ssrn.com/abstract=966449>.

(5) Corporate Governance Convergence


Org. 225 (Autumn, 1985).

(586) John E. Coffee, Jr., The Future as History: The Prospect for Global Convergence in

Corporate Governance and Its Implications, 93 Nw. U. L. Rev. 641 (1999).

(587) Douglas M. Branson, The Very Uncertain Prospect of Global Convergence in Corporate

Governance, 34 Cornell Int'l L.J. 321 (2001).

(588) Ronald J. Gilson, Globalization of Corporate Governance: Convergence of Form or

Function, 49 Am. J. Comp. L. 329 (2001).

(589) Henry Hansmann & Reinier Kraakman, The End of History for Corporate Law, 89 Geo. L. J.

439 (January, 2001).

(590) Henry Hansmann & Reinier Kraakman, Toward a Single Model of Corporate Law?, in

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REGIMES: CONVERGENCE AND DIVERSITY, 56 (Joseph McCahery

ed.) (Oxford University Press; 2002).

(591) Eddy Wymeersch, Convergence or Divergence in Corporate Governance: Patterns in

Western Europe?, in CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REGIMES: CONVERGENCE AND DIVERSITY,

230 (Joseph McCahery ed.) (Oxford University Press; 2002).

(592) Steen Thomsen, The Convergence of Corporate Governance Systems to European and

Anglo-American Standards, 4 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 31 (July 2003).

(593) Jeffrey N. Gordon, Convergence on Shareholder Capitalism: An Internationalist Perspective,

in GLOBAL MARKETS, DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONS: CORPORATE LAW AND GOVERNANCE IN A

NEW ERA OF CROSS-BORDER DEALS 437 (Curtis J. Milhaupt eds., New York: 2003).

(594) Gérard Hertig, Convergence of Substantive Law and Convergence of Enforcement: A

Comparison, CONVERGENCE AND PERSISTENCE IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, 328 (Jeffrey

N. Gordon & Mark J. Roe, eds.) (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2004).

48

(595) Richard M. Buxbaum, Diffusion of Law, in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences

(electronic version, Science Direct 2004 Update)

(<www.sciencedirect.com/ReferenceWorks>) (2004).

(596) Marc Goergen, Marina Martynova, & Luc Renneboog, Corporate Governance Convergence:

Evidence From Takeover Regulation Reforms in Europe, 21 Oxf. Rev. Econ. Pol. 243

(Summer 2005).

(597) Curtis J. Milhaupt, In the Shadow of Delaware? The Rise of Hostile Takeovers in Japan, 105

Colum. L. Rev. 2171 (Nov., 2005).

(598) MATHIAS M. SIEMS, CONVERGENCE IN SHAREHOLDER LAW (Cambridge University Press,

2007).

(6) Takeover Market Dynamics

(599) Henry G. Manne, Mergers and the Market for Corporate Control, 73 J. Pol. Econ. 110 (Apr.,

1965).

(600) William Cary, Corporate Devices Used to Insulate Management from Attack, 39 Antitrust

L.J. 318 (1969-1970).

(601) Donald C. Langevoort, State Tender-Offer Legislation: Interests, Effects, and Political

Competency, 62 Cornell L. Rev. 213 (1977).

(602) Arthur Liman, Has the Tender Movement Gone Too Far?, 23 N.Y.L. Sch. L. Rev. (1978).

(603) Theodore R. Boehm, State Interests and Interstates Commerce: A Look at the Theoretical

Underpinntings of Takeover Legislation, 36 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 733 (1979).

(604) Frank H. Easterbrook & Daniel R. Fischel, The Proper Role of a Target's Management in

Responding to a Tender Offer, 94 Harv. L. Rev. 1161 (1981).

(605) Michael C. Jensen & Richard S. Ruback, The Market for Corporate Control: The Scientific

Evidence, 11 J. Fin. Econ. 5 (1983).

(606) Paul M. Hirsch, From Ambushes to Golden Parachutes: Corporate Takeovers as an Instance

of Cultural Framing and Institutional Integration, Am. J. Soc. 800 (Jan., 1986).

(607) Allen D. Boyer, Federalism and Corporation Law: Drawing the Line in State Takeover

Regulation, 47 Ohio St. L.J. 1037 (1986).

(608) Robert B. Thompson, Defining the Federal and State Realms of Tender Offer Regulation, 64

Wash. U.L.Q. 1057 (1986).

(609) Deborah A. DeMott, Comparative Dimensions of Takeover Regulation, 65 Wash. U. L. Q. 69

(1987).

(610) Steven Gitelman, Beyond CTS: A Limited Defense of State Tender Offer Disclosure

Requirements, 54 U. Chi. L. Rev. 657 (1987).

(611) Donald C. Langevoort, The Supreme Court and the Politics of Corporate Takeovers: A

Comment on CTS Corp. v. Dynamics Corp. of America, 101 Harv. L. Rev. 96 (1987).

(612) Theodore W. Grippo, In Defense of State Takeover Laws, 8 N. Ill. U.L. Rev. 273 (1988).

49

(613) Jed Rubenfeld, State Takeover Legislation and the Commerce Clause: The "Foreign"

Corporations Problem, 36 Clev. St. L. Rev. 355 (1988).

(614) Arthur R. Pinto, The Constitution and the Market for Corporate Control: State Takeover

Statutes after CTS Corp., 29 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 699 (1988).

(615) John C. Coffee, Jr., The Uncertain Case for Takeover Reform: An Essay on Stockholders,

Stakeholders and Bust-Ups, 1988 Wis. L. Rev. 435 (1988).

(616) Thomas J. Bamonte, The Dynamics of State Protectionism: A Short Critique of the CTS

Decision, 8 N. Ill. U. L. Rev. 259 (1987-1988).

(617) Michael C. Jensen, Takeovers: Their Causes and Consequences, 2 J. Econ. Persp. 21 (Winter

1988).

(618) Laurance Schumann, State Regulation of Takeovers and Shareholder Wealth: The Case of

New York‘s 1985 Takeover Statutes, 19 Rand J. Econ. 557 (Winter, 1988).

(619) Bayless Manning, State Competition: Panel Response, 8 Cardozo L. Rev. 779 (1987).

(620) SHARON PAMEPINTO, CAN STATES STOP CORPORATE TAKEOVERS (Investor Responsibility

Research Center; 1987).

(621) Roberta Romano, The Political Economy of Takeover Statutes, 73 Va. L. Rev. 111 (Feb.,

1987).

(622) M. Andrew G. T. Moore II, State Competition: Panel Response, 8 Cardozo L. Rev. 779

(1987).

(623) Dale A. Oesterle, Delaware‘s Takeover Statute: Of Chills, Pills, Standstills, and Who Gets

Iced, 13 Del. J. Corp. L. 879 (Summer, 1988).

(624) Jonathan R. Macey, State Anti-Takeover Legislation and the National Economy, 1988 Wis. L.

Rev. 467 (1988).

(625) Henry N. Butler, Corporation-Specific Anti-Takeover Statutes and the Market for Corporate

Charters, 1988 Wis. L. Rev. 365 (May/Jun., 1988).

(626) Jeffry Netter & Annette Poulsen, State Corporation Laws and Shareholders: The Recent

Experience, 18 Fin. Mgmt. 29 (Autumn, 1989).

(627) SHARON PAMEPINTO, PATRICK S. MCGURN & ADAM B. SPECTOR, STATE TAKEOVER LAWS

(Investor Responsibility Research Center; 1989).

(628) Alan E. Garfield, State Competence to Regulate Corporate Takeovers: Lessons From State

Takeover Statutes, 17 Hofstra L. Rev. 535 (Spring 1989).

(629) Henry N. Butler, State Takeover Legislation, The Market for Corporate Charters, and the

Scope of Federal Intervention: A Comment on Hitzeman, Indiana‘s Control Share

Acquisition Statute, 27 Am. Bus. L. J. 291 (1989).

(630) Alan E. Garfield, Evaluating State Anti-Takeover Legislation: A Broadminded New

Approach to Corporation Law or ―A Race to the Bottom‖?, 1990 Colum. Bus. L. Rev. 119

(1990).

(631) Caroline Bradley, Corporate Control: Markets and Rules, 53 Modern L. Rev. 170 (Mar.,

1990).

(632) Elliott J. Weiss, Whose Rules Should Govern Takeovers: Delaware's, the ALI's, or Martin

Lipton's, 33 Ariz. L. Rev. 761 (1991).

50

(633) John S. Jahera, Jr. & William Pugh, State Takeover Legislation: The Case of Delaware, 7 J.

L. Econ. & Org. 410 (Autumn, 1991).

(634) Gerald F. Davis, Agents without Principles? The Spread of the Poison Pill through the

Intercorporate Network, 36 Admin. Sci. Q. 583 (Dec., 1991).

(635) Roberta Romano, Competition for Corporate Charters and the Lesson of Takeover Statutes,

61 Ford. L. Rev. 843 (1993).

(636) Mark J. Roe, Takeover Politics, in THE DEAL DECADE: WHAT TAKEOVERS AND LEVERAGED

BUYOUTS MEAN FOR CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, 321 (Margaret M. Blair ed.) (Brookings

Institution Press, 1993).

(637) Roberta Romano, Rethinking Takeover Regulation, 5 J. App. Corp. Fin. 47 (Fall 1992).

(638) Roberta Romano, A Guide to Takeovers: Theory, Evidence and Regulation, 9 Yale J. Reg.

119 (1992).

(639) Robert Comment & G. William Schwert, Poison Pill or Placebo? Evidence on the Deterrent

and Wealth Effects of Modern Antitakeover Measures, 39 J. Fin. Econ. 3 (Sept. 1995).

(640) Sunil Wahal, Kenneth Wiles, Marc Zenner, Who Opts Out of State Antitakeover Protection?

The Case of Pennsylvania's SB 1310, 24 Fin. Mgmt. 22 (Autumn 1995).

(641) Jonathan R. Macey, The Legality of the Shareholder Rights By-Law in Delaware:

Preserving the Market for Corporate Control, 10 J. Appl. Corp. Fin. 63 (1998).

(642) Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Allen Ferrell, Federalism and Corporate Law: The Race to Protect

Managers from Takeovers, 99 Colum. L. Rev. 1168 (1999).

(643) Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Allen Ferrell, A New Approach to Takeover Law and Regulatory

Competition, 87 Va. L. Rev. 111 (2001).

(644) Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Allen Ferrell, On Takeover Law and Regulatory Competition, 57

Bus. L. 1047 (2002).

(645) Reinier H. Kraakman, & Bernard Black, Delaware's Takeover Law: The Uncertain Search

for Hidden Value, 96 Nw. L. Rev. 521 (2002).

(646) Robert B. Thompson, Takeover Regulation after the 'Convergence' of Corporate Law, 24

Sydney L. Rev. 323 (Sept., 2002).

(647) Ronald J. Gilson, Lipton and Rowe's Apologia for Delaware: A Short Reply, 27 Del. J. Corp.

L. 37 (2002).

(648) William T. Allen, Jack B. Jacobs & Leo E. Strine, Jr., The Great Takeover Debate: A

Meditation On Bridging the Conceptual Divide, 69 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1067 (2002).

(649) Theo Raaijmakers, Takeover Regulation in Europe and America: The Need for Functional

Convergence in CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REGIMES: CONVERGENCE AND DIVERSITY, 205

(Joseph McCahery ed.) (Oxford University Press; 2002).

(650) Lucian Bebchuk & Alma Cohen, Firms' Decisions Where to Incorporate, 46 J.L. & Econ.

383 (2003).

(651) Stefan Grundman, The Market for Corporate Control: The Legal Framework, Alternatives,

and Policy Considerations, in CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CONTEXT: CORPORATIONS,

STATES, AND MARKETS IN EUROPE, JAPAN, AND THE US, 421 (Klaus J. Hopt, Eddy

Wymeersch, Hideka Kanda & Harald Baum eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2005).

51

(652) John K. Wald & Michael S. Long, The Effect of State Laws on Capital Structure, 83 J. Fin.

Econ. 297 (Feb. 2007).

(653) John Armour & David A. Skeel, Jr., Who Writes the Rules for Hostile Takeovers, and Why?--

The Peculiar Divergence of U.S. and U.K. Takeover Regulation, 95 Geo. L.J. 1727 (August,

2007).

(654) Sharon Hannes, The Market for Takeover Defenses, 101 Nw. L. Rev. 125 (Winter 2007).

(7) The Role of Judiciary

(655) Roscoe Pound, Visitatorial Jurisdiction over Corporations in Equity, 49 Harv. L. Rev. 369

(1935-1936).

(656) Peter Hay, Federal Jurisdiction of the Common Market Court, 12 Am. J. Comp. L. 21 (1963).

(657) Richard M. Buxbaum, Article 177 of the Rome Treaty as a Federalizing Device, 21 Stan. L.

Rev. 1041 (1969).

(658) Eric Stein, Courts and Free Markets – Perspectives from the United States and Europe, in

COURTS AND FREE MARKETS – PERSPECTIVES FROM THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE,

VOL. I, 3 (Terrance Sandalow & Eric Stein eds.) (Clarendon Press; 1982).

(659) John C. Coffee Jr., Litigation and Corporate Governance: An Essay on Steering Between

Scylla and Charybdis, 52 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 789 (1983-1984).

(660) Lyman Johnson, Delaware Judiciary and the Meaning of Corporate Life and Corporate Law,

68 Tex. L. Rev. 865 (1989-1990).

(661) Jonathan R. Macey, Courts and Corporations: A Comment on Coffee, 89 Colum. L. Rev.

1692 (1990).

(662) Jeffrey N. Gordon, Corporations, Markets, and Courts, 91 Colum. L. Rev. 1931 (Dec.,

1991).

(663) Maurice A. Hartnett, III, The History of the Delaware Court of Chancery, 48 Bus. Law. 367

(1992).

(664) E. Norman Veasey, The National Court of Excellence, 48 Bus. Law. 357 (1992-1993).

(665) William H. Rehnquist, The Prominence of the Delaware Court of Chancery in the State-

Federal Joint Venture of Providing Justice, 48 Bus. Law. 351 (1992-1993).

(666) William T. Quillen & Michael Hanrahan, A Short History of the Delaware Court of Chancery

- 1792-1992, 18 Del. J. Corp. L. 819 (1993).

(667) William T. Quillen et al., Trustees of Equity: The Judges of the Delaware Court of Chancery,

in THE DELAWARE BAR IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 393 (Helen L. Winslow, Anne E.

Bookout & Patricia C. Hannigan eds.) (Delaware State Bar Association: 1994).

(668) Daniel A. Fulco, Delaware's Response to Inefficient, Costly Court Systems and a Comparison

to Federal Reform, 20 Del. J. Corp. L. 937 (1995).

(669) Edward B. Rock, Saints and Sinners: How Does Delaware Corporate Law Work?, 44 UCLA

L. Rev. 1009 (1997).

52

(670) E. Norman Veasey, The Defining Tension in Corporate Governance in America, 52 Bus.

Law. 393 (Feb. 1997).

(671) ABA Ad Hoc Committee on Business Courts, Business Courts: Towards a More Efficient

Judiciary, 52 Bus. Law. 947 (1997).

(672) David A. Skeel, Jr., The Unanimity Norm in Delaware Corporate Law, 83 Va. L. Rev. 127

(Feb., 1997).

(673) Kurt M. Heyman, Expedited Proceedings in the Delaware Court of Chancery: Things of the

Past, 23 Del. J. Corp. L. 145 (1998).

(674) MIGUEL POIARES MADURO, WE THE COURT: THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE AND THE

EUROPEAN ECONOMIC CONSTITUTION: A CRITICAL READING OF ARTICLE 30 OF THE EC

TREATY (Oxford: Hart Publishing; 1998).

(675) E. Norman Veasey, An Economic Rationale for Judicial Decisionmaking in Corporate Law, 1

Del. L. Rev. 169 (1998).

(676) Jill E. Fisch, The Peculiar Role of the Delaware Courts in the Competition for Corporate

Charters, 68 U. Cin. L. Rev. 1061 (2000).

(677) Michael J. Whincop, The Immanent Conservatism of Corporate Adjudication: Thoughts on

Kingsford Smith's 'Interpreting the Corporations Law, 22 Sydney L. Rev. 273 (June, 2000).

(678) E. Norman Veasey, The Roles of the Delaware Courts in Merger and Acquisition Litigation,

26 Del. J. Corp. L. 849 (2001).

(679) Richard M. Buxbaum, Federalism and Corporate Litigation, 2 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. 493

(2001).

(680) E. Norman Veasey, The Many Facets of Judicial Independence Diamond, 20 Quinnipiac L.

Rev. 779 (Spring, 2001).

(681) David A. Skeel, Jr., Shaming in Corporate Law, 149 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1811 (June, 2001).

(682) Richard Buxbaum, Federalism and Corporate Litigation, 2 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR)

493 (2001).

(683) Harvey Gelb, Corporate Governance Guidelines - A Delaware Response, 1 Wyo. L. Rev. 523

(2001).

(684) Søren Friis Hansen, From C 212 to L 212 – Centros Revisited, 2 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev.

(EBOR) 141 (2001).

(685) Ronald J. Gilson, Lipton & Rowe‘s Apologia for Delaware: A Short Reply, 27 Del. J. Corp.

L. 37 (2002).

(686) Luca Enriques, Do Corporate Law Judges Matter? Some Evidence from Milan, 3 Eur. Bus.

Org. L. Rev. 765 (2002).

(687) Leo E. Strine, Jr., The Inescapably Empirical Foundation of the Common Law of

Corporations, 27 Del. J. Corp. L. 499 (2002).

(688) E. Norman Veasey, Law and Fact in Judicial Review of Corporate Transactions, 10 U.

Miami Bus. L. Rev. 1 (2002).

(689) Randy J. Holland & David A. Skeel Jr., Deciding Cases Without Controversy, 5 Del. L. Rev.

115 (2002).

53

(690) Luca Enriques, Off the Books, But on the Record: Evidence from Italy on the Relevance of

Judges to the Quality of Corporate Law, in GLOBAL MARKETS, DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONS:



(691) E. Norman Veasey, The Judiciary's Contribution to the Reform of Corporate Governance, 4

J. Corp. L. Stud. 225 (2004).

(692) E. Norman Veasey, The Judiciary's Contribution to the Reform of Corporate Governance, 4

J. Corp. L. Stud. 225 (2004).

(693) Marius Josephus Jitta, Procedural Aspects of the Right of Inquiry, in THE COMPANIES AND

BUSINESS COURT FROM A COMPARATIVE LAW PERSPECTIVE, 1 (Marius Josephus Jitta ed.)

(Kluwer; 2004).

(694) Huub Willems, The Companies and Business Court: Some Introductory Remarks, , in THE

COMPANIES AND BUSINESS COURT FROM A COMPARATIVE LAW PERSPECTIVE, 181 (Marius

Josephus Jitta ed.) (Kluwer; 2004).

(695) Anthony Driessen, Regulation of Disputes in Companies in the Netherlands, in THE

COMPANIES AND BUSINESS COURT FROM A COMPARATIVE LAW PERSPECTIVE, 125 (Marius

Josephus Jitta ed.) (Kluwer; 2004).

(696) Martin Gelter & Mathias M. Siems, Judicial Federalism in the ECJ's Berlusconi Case:

Toward More Credible Corporate Governance and Financial Reporting, 46 Harv. Int'l L.J.

487 (2005).

(697) Sean J. Griffith, Good Faith Business Judgment: A Theory of Rhetoric in Corporate Law

Jurisprudence, 55 Duke L.J. 1 (October, 2005).

(698) Marcel Kahan, The Demand for Corporate Law: Statutory Flexibility, Judicial Quality, or

Takeover Protection?, 22 J. Law Econ. Org. 340 (Oct., 2006).

(699) Roman Seer, The ECJ on the Verge of a Member State Friendly Judicature? – Annotation to

the Marks & Spencer Judgement, ECJ 13. 12. 2005, C-446/03, 2006, 3 Eur. Co. & Fin. L.

Rev. (ECFR) 237 (Jun., 2006).

(700) Vino Timmerman, Welfare, Fairness and the Role of Courts in a Simple and Flexible Private

Company Law, 8 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 325 (Sept., 2007).

(701) Maarten J. Kroeze, The Companies and Business Court as a Specialized Court, 2007

Ondernemingsrecht 86 (2007).

(702) Jens C. Dammann & Henry Hansmann, A Global Market for Judicial Services, (Uni. of

Texas Law, Law and Econ Research Paper No. 98) ((March 15, 2007)) available at

http://ssrn.com/abstract=976115. See also, Jens C. Dammann & Henry Hansmann,

Extraterritorial Courts for Corporate Law (Mar. 2006) available at

<http://www.utexas.edu/law/academics/centers/clbe/assets/Dammann.pdf>.

(703) Levinus Timmerman, Company Law and the Dutch Supreme Court, Some Remarks on

Contextualism and Traditionalism in Company Law, 2007 Ondernemingsrecht 91 (2007).

(8) Charter Market Failure

http://ssrn.com/abstract=976115

54

(a) Strength of Competition in the Charter Market

(704) Mark J. Loewenstein, Delaware as Demon: Twenty-Five Years After Professor Cary's

Polemic, 71 U. Colo. L. Rev. 497 (2000).

(705) Marcel Kahan & Ehud Kamar, The Myth of State Competition in Corporate Law, 55 Stan. L.

Rev. 679 (2002).

(706) Daniel R. Fischel, Market Evidence in Corporate Law, 69 U. Chi. L. Rev. 941 (2002).

(707) Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Assaf Hamdani, Vigorous Race or Leisurely Walk: Reconsidering

the Competition over Corporate Charters, 112 Yale L.J. 553 (2002).

(b) Price Discrimination

(708) Marcel Kahan & Ehud Kamar, Price Discrimination in the Market for Corporate Law, 86

Cornell L. Rev. 1205 (2001).

(c) Indeterminacy

See supra section (I)(F)(3).

(9) Mobility in the Charter Market

(a) Home State Bias

(709) Demetrios G. Kaouris, Is Delaware Still a Haven for Incorporation?, 20 Del. J. Corp. L. 965

(1995).

(710) Robert Daines, The Incorporation Choices of IPO Firms, 77 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 1559 (Dec.,

2002).

(711) Lucian Bebchuk & Alma Cohen, Firms' Decisions Where to Incorporate, 46 J.L. & Econ.

383 (2003).

(b) Herd Behavior

(712) Simon Deakin, Evolution for Our Time: A Theory of Legal Memetics, in 55 CURRENT LEGAL

PROBLEMS 1 (M.D.A. Freeman eds., Oxford: 2003).

55

(10) Moral & Cultural Dimensions

(713) Paul P. Harbrecht, Company Law Revision: A Synthesis of Opinion: The Equity of Equities,

40 U. Det. L.J. 439 (1962-1963).

(714) Richard H. McAdams, An Attitudinal Theory of Expressive Law, 79 Or. L. Rev. 339 (2000)

(715) Amir N. Licht, The Mother of All Path Dependencies: Toward a Cross-Cultural Theory of

Corporate Governance Systems, 26 Del. J. Corp. L. 147 (2001).

(716) Robert C. Ellickson, The Market for Social Norms, 3 Am. L. & Econ. Rev. 1 (2001)

(717) Jeswald W. Salacuse, Corporate Governance, Culture and Convergence: Corporations

American Style or with a European Touch?, 14 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 471 (2003).

(718) David Kershaw, Lost in Translation: Corporate Opportunities in Comparative Perspective,

25 Oxf. J. L. Stud. 603 (Winter 2005).

(719) Demetra Arsalidou & Margaret Wang, Difficulties with Enforcing Western Standards of

Corporate Governance in Asia, 16 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 329 (2005).

F. Empirical Studies on Shareholders’ Wealth

(1) Models

(720) Alfred F. Conard, The Corporate Census: A Preliminary Exploration, 63 Calif. L. Rev. 440

(1975) reprinted in CORPORATIONS IN PERSPECTIVE, 94 (Alfred Conard ed.) (1976).

(721) Merritt B. Fox, The Role of the Market Model in Corporate Law Analysis: A Comment on

Weiss and White, 76 Calif. L. Rev. 1015 (Oct., 1998)

(722) Sanjai Bhagat & Roberta Romano, Event Studies and the Law - Part I: Technique and

Corporate Litigation, 4 Am. L. & Econ. Rev. 141 (Jan., 2002).

(723) Sanjai Bhagat & Roberta Romano, Event Studies and the Law: Part II - Empirical Studies of

Corporate Law, 4 Am. L. & Econ. Rev. 380 (2002).

(724) Lynn A. Stout, Share Price as a Poor Criterion for Good Corporate Law, 3 Berkeley Bus.

L.J. 43 (2005-2006)

(725) Caspar Rose, The Challenges of Quantifying Investor Protection in a Comparative Context, 8

Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 369 (Sept., 2007).

(2) State Competition

(726) Robert Daines, Does Delaware Law Improve Firm Value? 62 J. Fin. Econ. 525 (2001).

(727) Robert Daines & Michael Klausner, Do IPO Charters Maximize Firm Value? Antitakeover

Provisions in IPOs, 2001 J. Law Econ. & Org. 17 (2001).

56

(728) Robert Daines, The Incorporation Choices of IPO Firms, 77 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 1559 (Dec.,

2002).

(729) Guhan Subramanian, The Disappearing Delaware Effect, 20 J. L. Econ. & Org. 32 (2004).

(730) Stephen P. Ferris, Robert M. Lawless, & Gregory Noronha, The Influence of State

Legal Environments on Firm Incorporation Decisions and Values, 2 J. L. Econ. &

Pol. 1 (2006).

(3) Reincorporation Effects

(731) Allen Hyman, The Delaware Controversy - The Legal Debate, 4 Del. J. Corp. L. 368 (1978-

1979).

(732) Peter Dodd & Richard Leftwich, The Market for Corporate Charters: "Unhealthy

Competition" Versus Federal Regulation, 53 J. Bus. 259 (1980).


Org. 225 (Autumn, 1985).

(734) SHARON PAMEPINTO, REINCORPORATION: 1988 BACKGROUND REPORT (Investor

Responsibility Research Center Report, 1988).

(735) Pamela Peterson, Reincorporation: Motives and Shareholder Wealth, 23 Fin. Rev. 151 (May

1988).

(736) Randall A. Heron & Wilbur G. Lewellen, An Empirical Analysis of the Reincorporation

Decision, 33 J. Fin. & Q. Anal. 549 (Dec., 1998).

(737) Edward M. Iacobucci, Toward a Signaling Explanation of the Private Choice of

Corporate Law, 6 Am. L. & Econ. Rev. 319 (2004).

(738) Zsuzsanna Fluck & Colin Mayer, Does Corporate Mobility Enhance Corporate

Governance?, in European Economic Integration and South-East Europe: Challenges and

Prospects (Klaus Liebscher, Josef Christl, Peter Mooslechner & Doris Ritzberger-Grünwald

eds.) (Edward Elgar Publishing 2005).

(739) Zsuzsanna Fluck & Colin Mayer, Race to the Top or Bottom? Corporate Governance,

Freedom of Reincorporation and Competition in Law, 1 Ann. Fin. 349 (2005).

(740) Marco Becht, Colin Mayer, & Hannes Wagner, Where Do Firms Incorporate? Deregulation

and the Cost of Entry (ECGI - Law Working Paper No. 70/2006, 2006) available at

<http://ssrn.com/abstract=906066>.

(4) Delaware Judicial Decisions’ Role

(741) Elliott J. Weiss & Lawrence J. White, Of Econometrics and Indeterminacy: A Study of

Investors' Reactions to "Changes" in Corporate Law, 75 Cal. L. Rev. 551 (1987)

(742) Sreenivas Kama, Joseph Weintrop & Peggy Wier, Investors Perceptions of the Delaware

Supreme Court Court Decision in Unocal vs. Mesa, 20 J. Fin. Econ. 419-30 (Jan./Mar. 1988).

57

(743) Merritt B. Fox, The Role of the Market Model in Corporate Law Analysis: A Comment on

Weiss and White, 76 Calif. L. Rev. 1015 (Oct., 1988).

(744) Elliott J. Weiss & Lawrence J. White, A Response to Professor Fox, 76 Calif. L. Rev. 1047

(Oct., 1988).

(5) Takeover Market’s Role

(745) Gregg A. Jarrell & Michael Bradley, The Economic Effects of Federal and State Regulations

of Cash Tender Offers, 23 J.L. & Econ. 371 (1980).

(746) Gregg A. Jarrell & Annette B. Poulsen, Shark Repellents and Stock Prices: The Effects of

Antitakeover Amendments since 1980, 19 J. Fin. Econ. 127 (1987).

(747) Gregg A. Jarrell, James A. Brickley & Jeffry M. Netter, The Market for Corporate Control:

The Empirical Evidence Since 1980, 2 J. Econ. Pers. 49 (Winter, 1988).

(748) Sreenivas Kamma, Joseph Weintrop & Peggy Wier, Investors‘ Perceptions of the Delaware

Supreme Court Decision in Unocal v. Mesa, 20 J. Fin. Econ. 419 (1988).

(749) Michael Ryngaert & Jeffry M. Netter, Shareholder Wealth Effects of the Ohio Antitakeover

Law, 4 J.L. Econ. & Org. 373 (1988)

(750) Paul H. Malatesta & Ralph A. Walkling,. Poison Pill Securities, 20 J. Fin. Econ. 347 (1988)

(751) Laurence Schumann, State Regulation of Takeovers and Shareholder Wealth: The Case of

New York's 1985 Takeover Statutes, 19 Rand J. Econ. 557 (1988)

(752) Jo Watson Hackl & Rosa Anna Testani, Second Generation State Takeover Statutes and

Shareholder Wealth: An Empirical Study, 97 Yale. L. J. 1193 (May, 1988)

(753) Dosoung Choi, Sreenivas Kamma & Joseph Weintrop, The Delaware Courts, Poison Pill,

and Shareholder Wealth, 5 J. L. Econ. & Org. 375 (Autumn, 1989).

(754) Donald G. Margotta, Thomas P. McWilliams & Victoria B. McWilliams, An Analysis of the

Stock Price Effect of the 1986 Ohio Takeover Legislation, 6 J.L. Econ. & Org. 235 (Spring,

1990)

(755) Michael Ryngaert & Jeffry M. Netter, Shareholder Wealth Effects of the 1986 Ohio

Antitakeover Law Revisited: Its Real Effects, 6 J.L. Econ. & Org. 253 (Spring, 1990)

(756) John S. Jahera, Jr. & William Pugh, State Takeover Legislation: The Case of Delaware, 7 J.L.

Econ. & Org. 410 (Autumn, 1991)

(757) Samuel H. Szewczyk & George P. Tsetsekos, State Intervention in the Market for Corporate

Control: The Case of Pennsylvania Senate Bill 1310, 31 J. Fin. Econ. 3 (1992)

(758) Guhan Subramanian, The Influence of Antitakeover Statutes on Incorporation Choice:

Evidence on the "Race" Debate and Antitakeover Overreaching, 150 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1795

(2002).

(759) Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Alma Cohen, Firms' Decisions Where to Incorporate, 46 J.L. &

Econ. 383 (2003).

58

III. Federalization of the Corporate Law

A. The Extent of Congressional Authority

(760) Ernest W. Huffcut, Constitutional Aspects of the Federal Control of Corporations, 34 Am. L.

Rev. 186 (1900).

(761) John B. Sanborn, Federal Control of Corporations, 37 Am. L. Rev. 703 (1903).

(762) Carman F. Randolph, Considerations on the State Corporation in Federal and Interstate

Relations: The Northern Securities Cases: Part I-III, 3 Colum. L. Rev. 168, 221, 305 (1903).

(763) H. W. Chaplin, National Incorporation, 5 Colum. L. Rev. 415 (1905).

(764) Ezra Parmalee Prentice, Congress and the Regulation of Corporations, 19 Harv. L. Rev. 168

(1906).

(765) Frederic R. Coudert, Constitutional Limitations on the Regulation of Corporations, 6 Colum.

L. Rev. 485 (1906).

(766) Chauncey J. Hamlin, Power of Congress to Regulate Corporations, 5 (The) Brief 346 (1905);

6 (The) Brief 14 (1906).

(767) EZRA PARMALEE PRENTICE, THE FEDERAL POWER OVER CARRIERS AND CORPORATIONS

(The Macmillan Company, New York; Jan., 1907).

(768) Sydney D. Moore Hudson, Federal Incorporation: The Power of Congress to Charter

Interstate Commerce Corporations, 26 Pol. Sci. Q. 63 (Mar., 1911)

(769) Sidney D. Moore Hudson, The Power of Congress to Charter Interstate Commerce

Corporations, in SOCIAL REFORM AND THE CONSTITUTION (Frank Johnson Goodnow eds.,

Washington, D.C.: 1911).

(770) Victor Morawetz, Power of Congress to Enact Incorporation Laws and to Regulate

Corporations, 26 Harv. L. Rev. 667 (1912-1913).

(771) Myron W. Watkins, Federal Incorporation I - III, 17 Mich. L. Rev. 64, 145, 238 (1918-

1919).

(772) Richard S. Harvey, Nature and Extent of Power to Create Federal Corporations, 8 Geo. L. J.

23 (1920).

(773) James J. Robbins, Federal Licensing of Business Corporations, 13 Tul. L. Rev. 214 (1939).

(774) Pierce O'Donnell, Federal Chartering of Corporations: Constitutional Challenges, 61 GEO.

L. J. 123 (1972).

(775) Legislative Foreword: Michael A. Perino, Fraud and Federalism: Preempting Private State

Securities Fraud Causes of Action, 50 Stan. L. Rev. 273 (Jan., 1998).

(776) Manning Gilbert Warren, III, Federalism and Investor Protection: Constitutional Restraints

on Preemption of State Remedies for Securities Fraud, 60 L. & Contemp. Probs. 169

(Summer, 1997).

(777) Robert B. Thompson, Preemption and Federalism in Corporate Governance: Protecting

Shareholder Rights to Vote, Sell, and Sue, 62 Law & Contemp. Probs. 215 (Summer 1999).

59

B. Federalization Movements

(1) Congressional Movements

(778) Federal Trade Commission, Compilation of Proposals and Views For and Against

Incorporation and Licensing of Corporations, S. Doc. No. 92, 70th Cong., 1st Sess., pt. 69-A

(1934).

(779) S.10, 75th

Cong., 1st Sess. (1937).

(780) S. 3072, 75th Cong., 3d Sess. (1938).

(781) S. 330, 76th

Cong., 1st Sess. (1939).

(782) Hearings before the Committee on Commerce, U.S. Senate, 94th Cong., 2d. Sess. (1976)

(783) Protection of Shareholders Rights Act of 1980: Hearings on S. 2567 Before the Subcomm. on

Securities of the Senate Comm. on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, 96th Cong., 2d

Sess. (1980); Corporate Rights and Responsibilities: Hearings Before Senate Comm. on

Commerce, 94th Cong., 2d Sess. (1976).

(2) Harmonization Proposals

(784) John C. Richberg, Harmonious Incorporation Legislation, 39 Nat. Corp. Rep. 807 (1910).

(785) Robert S. Stevens, Uniform Corporation Laws through Interstate Compacts and Federal

Legislation, 34 Mich. L. Rev. 1063 (Jun., 1936)

(3) Federalization Proposals

(786) Walter S. Logan, National Incorporation and Control of Corporations, 11 Am. Law. 61

(Feb., 1903).

(787) Horace L. Wilgus, A Proposed National Incorporation Law, 2 Mich. L. Rev. 501 (1904).

(788) Linda C. Quinn, Federal Chartering of Corporations: A Proposal, 61 Geo. L.J. 89 (1972)


663 (1973-1974).

(790) Donald E. Schwartz, A Case for Federal Chartering of Corporations, 31 Bus. Law. 1125

(1976).

(791) RALPH NADER, MARK GREEN, E. JOEL SELIGMAN, CONSTITUTIONALIZING THE

CORPORATION: THE CASE FOR THE FEDERAL CHARTERING OF GIANT CORPORATIONS (1976).

(792) Christopher J. Brogan, Fairness in Going Private Transaction: Federal Authorization of

Substantive Regulation, 58 B.U. L. Rev. 792 (1978).

60

(793) Note, Indemnification of Directors in a Federal Chartering System, 1979 Wash. U. L. Q. 523

(1979).

(794) Howard M. Metzenbaum, Legislative Approaches to Corporate Governance, 56 Notre Dame

L. 926 (1980-1981).

(795) Marvin A. Chirelstein, Towards a Federal Fiduciary Standards Act, 30 Clev. St. L. Rev. 203

(1981).

(796) Elliott J. Weiss, A Proposal for a Federal Takeover Law, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 1699 (1987-

1988).


(798) Michael Ryngaert, An Appropriate Federal Role in the Market for Corporate Control, 5 J.

App. Corp. Fin. 44 (Jan., 1993)

(799) Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Allen Ferrell, On Takeover Law and Regulatory Competition, 57

Bus. L. 1047 (2002).

(800) Steven A. Ramirez, The End of Corporate Governance Law: Optimizing Regulatory

Structures for a Race to the Top, 24 Yale J. on Reg. 313 (Summer, 2007).

(4) Federal Expansion in Corporate Law

(801) George D. Hornstein, New Forum for Stockholders, 45 Colum. L. Rev. 35 (1945).

(802) Henry J. Friendly, In Praise of Erie – and of the New Federal Common Law, 39 N.Y.U.L.

Rev. 383 (1964).

(803) David S. Ruder, Pitfalls in the Development of a Federal Law of Corporations by Implication

Through Rule 10b-5, 59 Nw. U. L. Rev. 185 (1964).

(804) Arthur Fleischer, Jr., "Federal Corporation Law": An Assessment, 78 Harv. L. Rev. 1146

(1965).

(805) Manuel F. Cohen, Federal Corporation Law, 20 J. Legal Ed. 529 (1968).

(806) Comment, Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook: The "New Fraud" Expands Federal Corporation Law,

55 Va. L. Rev. 1103 (Oct., 1969).

(807) Lewis D. Lowenfels, Recent Supreme Court Decisions Under the Federal Securities Laws:

The Pendulum Swings, 65 Geo. L.J. 891 (1977).

(808) Alphonse A. Sommer, Jr, The Impact of the SEC on Corporate Governance, 41 Law &

Contemp. Probs. 115 (Summer, 1977).

(809) Joel Seligman, The Securities and Exchange Commission and Corporate Democracy, 3 U.

Dayton L. Rev. 1 (1978)

(810) ROBERTA S. KARMEL, REGULATION BY PROSECUTION - THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE

COMMISSION VERSUS CORPORATE AMERICA (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982).


(812) Patrick Moyer, The Regulation of Corporate Law by Securities Regulators: A Comparison of

Ontario and the United States, 55 U.T. Fac. L. Rev. 43 (Winter, 1997).

61

(813) Robert B. Thompson & Hillary A. Sale, Securities Fraud as Corporate Governance,

Reflections Upon Federalism, 56 Vand. L. Rev. 859 (2003).

(814) Roberta S. Karmel, The Securities and Exchange Commission Goes Abroad to Regulate

Corporate Governance, 33 Stetson L. Rev. 849 (2003-2004).

(815) Jill E. Fisch, The New Federal Regulation of Corporate Governance, 28 Harv. J.L. & Pub.

Pol'y 39 (Fall, 2004).

(816) Joel Seligman, Self-Funding for the Securities and Exchange Commission, 28 Nova L. Rev.

233 (2004).

(817) Joel Seligman, A Modest Revolution in Corporate Governance, 80 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1159

(2004-2005)

(818) Roberta S. Karmel, Realizing the Dream of William O.Douglas - The Securities and

Exchange Commission Takes Charge of Corporate Governance, 30 Del. J. Corp. L. 79

(2005).

(819) Joan MacLeod Heminway, Rock, Paper, Scissors: Choosing the Right Vehicle for Federal

Corporate Governance Initiatives, 10 Fordham J. Corp. & Fin. L. 225 (2005).

(820) Donald C. Langevoort, The SEC as a Lawmaker: Choices about Investor Protection in the

Face of Uncertainty, 84 Wash. U. L. Rev. 1591 (2006).

(821) Shane de Búrca, Principled Regulation: How the U.K.‘s Financial Services Authority

Successfully Differentiated itself from U.S. Regulators, The Deal Newsweekly (May 21,

2007) available at <http://tinyurl.com/2wnze2>.

C. Views on the Federalization of the Corporate Law

(1) Calls for Further Assessment of the Federalization

(822) Ernest W. Huffcut, Constitutional Aspects of the Federal Control of Corporations, 34 AM. L.

REV. 186 (1902).

(823) Herbert Knox Smith, Incorporation by the States, 14 Yale L. J. 385 (1905).

(824) Eugene E. Prussing, Corporate Reforms, 40 Chic. Leg. N. 86 (1907).

(2) Support for Federalization

(825) James B. Dill, National Incorporation Laws for Trusts, 6 Yale L. J. 273 (Apr., 1902).

(826) Henry W. Palmer, Federal Incorporation for Companies Engaged in Interstate Commerce,

27 Nat. Corp. Rep. 376 (1903) reprinted in 11 Am. Law. 61 (1903).

(827) Horace La Fayette Wilgus, Need of National Incorporation Law, 2 Mich. L. Rev. 358 (1904).

(828) Horace L. Wilgus, Need of a National Incorporations Law, 2 Mich. L. Rev. 358 (1904)

62

(829) Horace La Fayette Wilgus, Should There Be a Federal Incorporation Law for Commercial

Corporations, 27 Rep. A. B. A. 694 (1904).

(830) Horace La Fayette Wilgus, Federal License or National Incorporation, 3 Mich. L. Rev. 264

(1905).

(831) H. W. Chaplin, National Incorporation, 5 Colum. L. Rev. 415 (June, 1905).

(832) William J. Curtis, Federal Control of Corporations – A Public Necessity, 17 Green Bag 138

(1905).

(833) Thomas Thacher, Corporations and the States, 17 Yale L. J. 98 (1907).

(834) Harris Berlack, Federal Incorporation and Securities Regulation, 49 Harv. L. Rev. 396

(1935-1936).

(835) John W. Brabner-Smith, Federal Incorporation of Business, 24 Va. L. Rev. 159 (1937).

(836) Harold G. Reuschlein, Federalization – Design for Corporate Reform in a National

Economy, 91 U. Pa. L. Rev. 91 (1942).

(837) HAROLD GILL REUSCHLEIN, THE SCHOOLS OF CORPORATE REFORM (Pittsburgh, Pa.:

University of Pittsburgh Press, 1950).

(838) Stanley A. Kaplan, Foreign Corporations and Local Corporate Policy, 21 Vand. L. Rev. 433

(1968).

(839) Joel F. Henning, Federal Corporate Chartering for Big Business: An Idea Whose Time Has

Come, 21 DePaul L. Rev. 915 (1971-1972).

(840) William L. Cary, A Proposed Federal Corporate Minimum Standards Act, 29 Bus. Law.

1101 (1973-1974)

(841) Stanley A. Kaplan, Fiduciary Responsibility in the Management of the Corporation, 31 Bus.

Law. 883 (1976).

(842) Richard W. Jennings, Federalization of Corporation Law: Part Way or All the Way, 31 Bus.

Law. 991 (1976)

(843) RALPH C. FERRARA & MARC B. GOLDFUS, EVERYTHING YOU EVER WANTED TO KNOW

ABOUT THE FUTURE OF FEDERAL INFLUENCE IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (Financial,

Government & Public Affairs; July, 1979).

(844) David Charny, Competition among Jurisdictions in Formulating Corporate Law Rules: An

American Perspective on the "Race to the Bottom" in the European Communities, 32 Harv.

Int'l. L.J. 423 (1991).

(845) Roberta S. Karmel, Is It Time for a Federal Corporation Law, 57 Brook. L. Rev. 55 (1991-

1992).

(846) Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Allen Ferrell, Federal Intervention to Enhance Shareholder Choice,

87 Va. L. Rev. 993 (2001).

(3) Support for a Limited Federal Interference

(847) Donald E. Schwartz, Federal Chartering of Corporations: An Introduction, 61 Geo. L. J. 71

(1972-1973).

63

(848) Donald E. Schwartz, Federalism and Corporate Governance, 45 Ohio St. L.J. 545 (1984).

(849) Donald E. Schwartz, Federal Chartering Revisited, 22 U. Mich. J.L. Ref. 7 (1988-1989).

(850) Joel Seligman, The Case for Minimum Corporate Law Standards, 49 MD. L. Rev. 947

(1990).

(851) Gordon G. Young, Federal Corporate Law, Federalism, and the Federal Courts, 41 Law &

Contemp. Probs. 146 (Summer, 1977).

(4) Opposition to Federalization

(852) Thomas Thacher, Federal Control of Corporations, 14 Yale L. J. 301 (1905).

(853) John E. Parsons, Federal Regulation of Corporations – A Dangerous Departure, 17 Green

Bag 135 (1905).

(854) EZRA PARMALEE PRENTICE, THE FEDERAL POWER OVER CARRIERS AND CORPORATIONS

(The Macmillan Company, New York; Jan., 1907).

(855) Edward G. Jennings, Federal Incorporation or Licensing of Interstate Corporate Business,

23 Minn. L. Rev. 710 (1938-1939).

(856) Seymour J. Rubin, Corporations and Society: The Remedy of Federal and International

Incorporation, 23 Am. U. L. Rev. 263 (1969).

(857) Peter Aranson, Federal Chartering of Corporations: An Idea Worth Forgetting, 8 Bus. &

Soc. Rev. 59 (1974).

(858) David A. Drexler, Federalism and Corporate Law: A Misguided Missile, 3 Sec. Reg. J. 374

(1976).

(859) Joel F. Henning, Federalism and Corporate Law: The Chaos Inherent in the Cary Proposal,

3 Sec. Reg. L. J. 362 (1976).

(860) Bayless Manning, Thinking Straight about Corporate Law Reform, 41 Law & Contemp.

Probs. 3 (Summer, 1977).

(861) Stephen J. Choi & Andrew Guzman, Choice and Federal Intervention in Corporate Law, 87

Va. L. Rev. 961 (2001).

(862) Larry E. Ribstein, Market vs. Regulatory Responses to Corporate Fraud: A Critique of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 28 J. CORP. L. 1, 2 (2002)

(863) Jonathan R. Macey, Displacing Delaware: Can The Feds Do A Better Job Than The States In

Regulating Takeovers?, 57 Bus. Law. 1025 (May, 2002).

(864) Stephen M. Bainbridge, The Creeping Federalization of Corporate Law, 26 REG. 26 (Spring

2003).

(865) E. Norman Veasey, Musings on the Dynamics of Corporate Governance Issues, Director

Liability Concerns, Corporate Control Transactions, Ethics, and Federalism, 152 U. Pa. L.

Rev. 1007 (2003).

(866) E. Norman Veasey, Musings from the Center of the Corporate Universe, 7 Del. L. Rev. 163

(2004).

64

(867) William B. Chandler III & Leo E. Strine, Jr., The New Federalism of the American Corporate

Governance System: Preliminary Reflections of Two Residents of One Small State, 152 U. Pa.

L. Rev. 953 (2003).

(868) Roberta Romano, Is Regulatory Competition a Problem or Irrelevant for Corporate

Governance?, 21 Ox. Rev. Econ. Pol. 212 (2005).

(869) Roberta Romano, The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Making of Quack Corporate Governance,

114 Yale L.J. 1521 (2005).

(870) Leo E. Strine, Jr., The Delaware Way: How We Do Corporate Law and Some of the New

Challenges We (and Europe) Face, 30 Del. J. Corp. L. 673 (2005).

(871) HENRY N. BUTLER & LARRY E. RIBSTEIN, THE SARBANES-OXLEY DEBACLE: WHAT WE'VE

LEARNED; HOW TO FIX IT (AEI Press, 2006).

(872) Jeffrey Y. Wu, Revisiting Business Roundtable and Section 19(c) in the Wake of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 23 Yale J. on Reg. 249 (Summer, 2006).

(5) Intermediate Assessments

(873) Proceedings, The Airlie House Symposium, An In-Depth Analysis of the Federal and State

Roles in Regulating Corporate Management, 31 Bus. L. 863 (1976).

(874) Symposium, Federalism Issues in Corporate Governance, 45 Ohio St. L.J. 591 (1984).

IV. COMPARATIVE LAW

A. European Union

(1) Corporate Governance: The European Union vs. the United States

(875) Paul Leleux, Corporation Law in the United States and in the E.E.C., 5 Comm. Mar. L. Rev.

(CMLR) 133 (1967-68).

(876) RICHARD M. BUXBAUM & KLAUS J. HOPT, LEGAL HARMONIZATION AND THE BUSINESS

ENTERPRISE, HARMONIZATION POLICY IN EUROPE AND THE U.S.A. (De Gruyter, Berlin/New

York: 1988).

(877) Christian Meier-Schatz, American Legal Harmonization from a European Perspective, in

EUROPEAN BUSINESS LAW: LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSES ON INTEGRATION AND

HARMONIZATION, 61 (Richard Buxbaum, Gérard Hertig, Alain Hirsch & Klaus Hopt eds.)

(Berlin/New York, De Gruyter, 1991).

(878) Gerard Hertig, Corporate Governance in the United States as Seen from Europe, 1998

Colum. Bus. L. Rev. 27 (1998).

65

(879) Harm-Jan de Kluiver, Disparities and Similarities in European and American Company Law:

What about Living Apart Together?, in CURRENT ISSUES OF CROSS BORDER

ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPANIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, 287 (Jan Wouters & Hildegard

Schneider eds.) (Antwerp, Maklu, 1995).

(2) Governance of the European Corporate Governance

(a) European Union Federalism

(880) Hartmut Schmidt, Economic Analysis of the Allocation of Regulatory Competence in the

European Communities, in EUROPEAN BUSINESS LAW: LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSES

ON INTEGRATION AND HARMONIZATION, 51 (Richard Buxbaum, Gérard Hertig, Alain Hirsch

& Klaus Hopt eds.) (Berlin/New York, De Gruyter, 1991).

(881) GEOFFREY DENTON, FEDERALISM AND EUROPEAN UNION AFTER MAASTRICHT, Wilton Park

Papers, No. 67 (HMSO; Jan., 1993).

(b) Subsidiarity

(882) Nicholas Emiliou, Subsidiarity: An Effective Barrier Against ―The Enterprises of

Ambition‖?, Eur. L. Rev. 383 (1992).

(883) R. Van den Bergh, The Subsidiarity Principle in European Community Law: Some Insights

from Law and Economics, 1 Maastricht J. Euro. & Comp. L. 337 (1994).

(c) The Role of Politics in the European Union

(884) Geoffrey Fitchew, Political Choices, in EUROPEAN BUSINESS LAW: LEGAL AND ECONOMIC

ANALYSES ON INTEGRATION AND HARMONIZATION, 1 (Richard Buxbaum, Gérard Hertig,

Alain Hirsch & Klaus Hopt eds.) (Berlin/New York, De Gruyter, 1991).

(885) John W. Cioffi, Restructuring "Germany Inc.": The Politics of Company and Takeover Law

Reform in Germany and the European Union, 24 L. & Pol. 355 (Oct., 2002).

(3) Corporate-Law Production in the European Union

(a) Regulatory Competition

66

(886) Clark D. Stith, Federalism and Company Law: A "Race to the Bottom" in the European

Community, 79 Geo. L.J. 1581 (1990-1991).

(887) Ruben Lee, Legal Foundation for Competition in EC Capital Markets: The Gap between

Rhetoric and Reality, 14 Int. Rev. L. & Econ. 163 (June, 1994).

(888) Jeanne-Mey Sun & Jacques Pelkmans, Regulatory Competition in the Single Market, 33 J.

Comm. Mkt. Studs. (JCMS) 67 (1995).

(889) Frank Easterbrook, Federal and European Business Law, 14 Int'l Rev. L. & Econ. 125 (1994)

(longer version is reprinted, in EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS LAW: LEGAL AND

ECONOMIC ANALYSES ON INTEGRATION AND HARMONIZATION 1 (Richard M. Buxbaum,

Gerard Hertig, Alain Hirsch & Klaus J. Hopt, eds.: 1996).

(890) Stephen Woolcock, Competition among Rules in the Single European Market, in

INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY COMPETITION AND COORDINATION: PERSPECTIVES ON

ECONOMIC REGULATION IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES 289 (Joseph McCahery,

William W. Bratton, Sol Picciotto & Colin Scott eds., New York: 1997).

(891) Jan Wouters, European Company Law: Quo Vadis?, 37 Com. Mar. L. Rev. (CMLR) 257

(2000).

(892) Catherine Barnard, Regulating Competitive Federalism, in the European Union? The Case of

EU Social Policy, in J Shaw (ed), SOCIAL LAW AND POLICY IN AN EVOLVING EUROPEAN

UNION (Oxford, 2000).

(893) Roger Van Den Bergh, Towards an Institutional Legal Framework for Regulatory

Competition in Europe, 53 Kyklos 435 (Nov., 2000).

(894) Daniel C. Esty, European Communities, Regulatory Competition in Focus, 3 J. Int'l Econ. L.

215 (Jun. 2000).

(895) Gérard Hertig, Regulatory Competition for EU Financial Services, 3 J. Int'l Econ. L. 349

(2000).

(896) William W. Bratton & Joseph McCahery, Fiscal Federalism, Jurisdictional Competition and

Tax Coordination: Translating Theory to Policy in the European Union, 38 Comm. Mrkt. L.

Rev. 677 (2001).

(897) Harald Halbhuber, National Doctrinal Structures and European Company Law, 38 Comm.

Mar. L. Rev. (CMLR) 1391 (2001).

(898) Jan Wouters, Private International Law and Companies‘ Freedom of Establishment, 2 Eur.

Bus. Org. Rev. (EBOR) 101 (2001).

(899) Simon Deakin, Regulatory Competition versus Harmonization in European Company Law, in

REGULATORY COMPETITION AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE,

190 (Daniel C. Esty & Damien Geradin eds.) (Oxford University Press; Feb., 2001).

(900) Simon Deakin, Regulatory Competition versus Harmonization in European Company Law, in

REGULATORY COMPETITION AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES

(INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW) 196 (Daniel C. Esty & Damien Geradin eds.,

Oxford/New York 2001).

(901) Klaus Heine & Wolfgang Kerber, European Corporate Laws, Regulatory Competition and

Path Dependence, 13 Eur. J. L. & Econ. 47 (Jan. 2002).

(902) STEFANO LOMBARDO, REGULATORY COMPETITION IN COMPANY LAW IN THE EUROPEAN

COMMUNITY. PREREQUISITES AND LIMITS (Peter Lang Verlag, 2002).

67

(903) Martin Lodge, Varieties of Europeanisation and the National Regulatory State, 17 Pub. Pol.

& Adm. 43 (Apr., 2002).

(904) Dan Prentice, The Incorporation Theory – The United Kingdom, 14 Eur. Bus. L. Rev.

(EBLR) 631 (2003).

(905) Discussion Section, Inter-state Competition in Corporate Structures, in THE EUROPEAN

COMPANY: DEVELOPING A COMMUNITY LAW OF CORPORATIONS, 133 (Jonathan Rickford

eds.) (Intersentia Publishing, 2003).

(906) Matthias Baudisch, From Status to Contract? An American Perspective on Recent

Developments in European Company Law, in THE EUROPEAN UNION AND

GOVERNANCE 23, 54 (Francis Snyder ed., 2003).

(907) Joseph McCahery & Gérard A. Hertig, Company and Takeover Law Reforms in Europe:

Misguided Harmonization Efforts or Regulatory Competition?, 4 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev.

(EBOR) 179 (2003).

(908) Mette Neville, Nordic Company Law Reforms in an International Regulatory Perspective, in

THE REGULATION OF COMPANIES: A TRIBUTE TO PAUL KRÜGER ANDERSEN, 111 (Mette

Neville & Karsten Engsig Sørensen eds.) (Forlaget Thomson A/S; 2003).

(909) Luca Enriques, EC Company Law and the Fears of a European Delaware, 15 Eur. Bus. L.

Rev. (EBLR) 1259 (2004).

(910) Adriaan F.M. Dorresteijn, Xenophobia or Competition?, 1 Eur. Co. L. 152 (2004).

(911) Gérard A. Hertig, Efficient Fostering of EU Regulatory Competition, 76 Schweizerische

Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht (SZW) 369 (2004).

(912) Joseph McCahery & Gérard A. Hertig, An Agenda for Reform: Company and Takeover Law

in Europe, in REFORMING COMPANY AND TAKEOVER LAW IN EUROPE 21

(Ferrarini/Hopt/Winter/Wymeersch (eds.)) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).

(913) CHRISTOPH KNILL & SUSANNE MINGERS, RINGING THE CHANGES IN EUROPE: REGULATORY

COMPETITION AND REDEFINITION OF THE STATE: BRITAIN, FRANCE, GERMANY (De Gruyter;

2004).

(914) Robert Drury, A European Look at the American Experience of the Delaware Syndrome, 5

Int'l Corp. L. Ann. 1 (Apr. 2005).

(915) Martin Gelter, The Structure of Regulatory Competition in European Corporate Law, 5 J.

Corp. L. Stud. 247 (2005).

(916) Gerhard Wagner, The Virtues of Diversity in European Private Law, in THE NEED FOR A

EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW: EMPIRICAL AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVES, 3 (J. M. Smits ed.)

(Europa Publishing; 2005).

(917) Carsten Frost, Transfer of Company's Seat – An Unfolding Story in Europe, 36 Vict. Uni.

Well. L. Rev. (VUWLR) 359 (2005).

(918) Martina Sever, Company Mobility within the EC: Cross-Border Transfer of the Real Seat of a

Company (2005) (LL.M. Thesis, Leiden University) available at

<http://www.llmebl.leidenuniv.nl/content_docs/Thesis/final_thesis_martina.pdf>

(919) Joseph A. McCahery & Erik P. M. Vermeulen, Does the European Company Prevent the

'Delaware Effect'?, 11 Eur. L. J. 785 (2005).

68

(920) Robert R. Drury, A European Look at the American Experience of the Delaware Syndrome, 5

J. Corp. L. Stud. 1 (2005).

(921) Martin Gelter, The Structure of Regulatory Competition in European Corporate Law, 5 J.

Corp. L. Stud. 247 (Oct. 2005).

(922) Friedrich Kübler, A Shifting Paradigm of European Company Law, 56 Col. J. Eur. L. 219

(2005).

(923) Luca Enriques & Martin Gelter, Regulatory Competition in European Company Law and

Creditor Protection, 7 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 417 (Mar., 2006).

(924) Seth Chertok, Jurisdictional Competition in the European Community, 27 U. Pa. J. Int'l Econ.

L. 465 (Summer, 2006).

(925) Marco Ventoruzzo, "Cost-Based" And "Rules-Based" Regulatory Competition: Markets for

Corporate Charters in the U.S. and in the E.U., 3 N.Y.U. J. L. & Bus. 91 (Fall, 2006).

(926) Pierre Salmon, Political Yardstick Competition and Corporate Governance in the European

Union, in INVESTOR PROTECTION IN EUROPE: CORPORATE LAW MAKING, THE MIFID AND

BEYOND, (Guido Ferrarini & Eddy Wymeersch eds.) (Nov., 2006).

(927) Peer Zumbansen, Spaces and Places: A Systems Theory Approach to Regulatory Competition

in European Company Law, 12 Eur. L. J. 535 (2006).

(928) John Armour, Who Should Make Corporate Law? EC Legislation versus Regulatory

Competition, in AFTER ENRON: IMPROVING CORPORATE LAW AND MODERNISING

SECURITIES REGULATION IN EUROPE AND THE U.S., 14 (John Armour & Joseph McCahery

eds.) (Hart Publishing, 2006).

(929) Dennis C. Mueller, The Economics and Politics of Corporate Governance in the European

Union, in INVESTOR PROTECTION IN EUROPE: CORPORATE LAW MAKING, THE MIFID AND

BEYOND, 3 (Guido Ferrarini & Eddy Wymeersch eds.) (Oxford: Oxford University Press;

2006).

(930) Simon Deakin, Legal Diversity and Regulatory Competition: Which Model for Europe?, 12

Eur. L. J. 440 (2006).

(931) Simon Deakin, Is Regulatory Competition the Future for European Integration?, 13 Swedish

Econ. Pol. Rev. 71 (2006).

(932) Luca Enriques & Martin Gelter, How the Old World Encountered the New One: Regulatory

Competition and Cooperation in European Corporate and Bankruptcy Law, 81 Tul. L. Rev.

577 (February, 2007).

(933) Vahagn Movsesyan, Regulatory Competition Puzzle: The European Design, (LEM Papers

Series No. 2006/30, 2007), available at <http://esnie.u-paris10.fr>

(934) Theodor Baums, European Company Law Beyond the 2003 Action Plan, 8 Eur. Bus. Org. L.

Rev. (EBOR) 143 (March 2007).

(935) Daniela Weber-Rey, Effects of the Better Regulation Approach on European Company Law

and Corporate Governance, 4 Eur. Comp. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFLR) 370 (2007).

(936) Sebastian Mock, Cost-based and Rule-based Markets for Rules in Corporate Law, 4 Eur.

Comp. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFLR) 76 (2007).

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(b) Company Law Harmonization

(937) Eric Stein, Assimilation of National Laws as a Function of European Integration, 58 Am. J.

Int'l L. 1 (1964).

(938) ERIC STEIN, HARMONIZATION OF EUROPEAN COMPANY LAWS: NATIONAL REFORM AND

TRANSNATIONAL COORDINATION, VOL. I, II (New York, BobbsMerrill Company, 1970).

(939) Clive Schmitthoff, The Future of the European Company Law Scene, in Clive Schmitthoff

(ed.) THE HARMONISATION OF EUROPEAN COMPANY LAW (London: UKNCCL, 1973).

(940) Detlev Vagts, Company Law Harmonization in the European Community, in EMERGING

STANDARDS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INVESTMENT: MULTINATIONAL CODES AND

CORPORATE CONDUCT 17 (Seymour J. Rubin & Gary Clyde Hufbauer eds. 1982).

(941) RICHARD M. BUXBAUM & KLAUS J. HOPT, LEGAL HARMONIZATION AND THE BUSINESS

ENTERPRISE. CORPORATE AND CAPITAL MARKET LAW HARMONIZATION POLICY IN EUROPE

AND THE U.S.A. (Berlin/New York, De Gruyter, 1988).

(942) Janet Dine, The Harmonization of Company Law in the European Community, 9 YEL 97

(1989).

(943) Manning G. Warren, III, Regulatory Harmony in the European Communities: The Common

Market Prospectus, 16 Brook. J. Int’l L. 9 (1990).

(944) Richard M. Buxbaum & Klaus J. Hopt, Legal Harmonization and the Business Enterprise

Revisited, in EUROPEAN BUSINESS LAW 391 (Richard M. Buxbaum et al. eds., Berlin/New

York: 1991)

(945) Alfred F. Conard, The European Alternative to Uniformity in Corporation Laws, 89 Mich. L.

Rev. 2150 (1991).

(946) Christiaan W. A. Timmermans, Methods and Tools for Integration, in EUROPEAN BUSINESS

LAW: LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSES ON INTEGRATION AND HARMONIZATION, 129

(Richard Buxbaum, Gérard Hertig, Alain Hirsch & Klaus Hopt eds.) (Berlin/New York, De

Gruyter, 1991).

(947) Erik Werlauff, The Development of Community Company Law, 17 Eur. L. Rev. (ELR) 207

(1992).

(948) Robert Drury, A Review of the European Community‘s Company Law Harmonisation

Programme, 24 Bracton L. J. 45 (1992) reprinted in J. Eur. Stud. C. Uni. 1 (1997).

(949) ERIK WERLAUFF, EC COMPANY LAW: THE COMMON DENOMINATOR FOR BUSINESS

UNDERTAKINGS IN 12 STATES (Copenhagen, Jurist– og Okonomforbundets,1993).

(950) M.J.G.C. Raaijmakers, Which Way with Company Law Harmonization, in FURTHER

PERSPECTIVES IN FINANCIAL INTEGRATION IN EUROPE: REPORTS PRESENTED AT THE

BRUSSELS MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL FACULTY FOR CORPORATE MARKET 231 (Eddy

Wymeersch ed., Berlin: 1994).

(951) Gregor C. Heinrich, Funds, Transfers, Payments, and Payments Systems--International

Initiatives Towards Legal Harmonization, 28 INT'L. LAW. 787 (Fall, 1994).

(952) Cl. Lempereur, Myth and Reality in the European Harmonization Process, in FURTHER

PERSPECTIVES IN FINANCIAL INTEGRATION IN EUROPE: REPORTS PRESENTED AT THE

BRUSSELS MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL FACULTY FOR CORPORATE MARKET 241 (Eddy

Wymeersch eds., Berlin: 1994).

70

(953) J. J. Du Plessis & Janet Dine, The Fate of the Draft Fifth Directive on Company Law:

Accommodation Instead of Harmonisation, 1997 J. Bus. L. 23 (1997).

(954) Daniela Caruso, The Missing View of the Cathedral: The Private Law Paradigm of European

Legal Integration, 3 Eur. L. J. 32 (1997).

(955) CHARLOTTE VILLIERS, EUROPEAN COMPANY LAW – TOWARDS DEMOCRACY? (Dartmouth &

Ashgate Publishing, 1998).

(956) FILIP TUYTSCHAEVER, DIFFERENTIATION IN EUROPEAN UNION LAW (Hart Publishing, 1999).

(957) Michael Dougan, Minimum Harmonization and the Internal Market, 37 Comm. Mar. L. Rev.

(CMLR) 853 (2000).

(958) Catherine Barnard, Social Dumping Revisited: Lessons from Delaware, 25 Eur. L. Rev. 57

(2000).

(959) Gunther Teubner, Legal Irritants: How Unifying Law Ends up in New Divergences, in

VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM: THE INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF COMPARATIVE

ADVANTAGE 417 (Peter Andrew Hall & David W. Soskice eds.) (2001).

(960) Stephen Weatherhill, Pre-emption, Harmonisation and the Distribution of Competence to

Regulate the Internal Market, in THE LAW OF THE SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET: UNPACKING

THE PREMISES, 41 (Catherine Barnard & Joanne Scott eds.) (Hart Publishing, 2002).

(961) Sebastian Mock, Harmonization, Regulation and Legislative Competition in European

Corporate Law, 3 German L. J. (Dec. 2002).

(962) Christiaan W. A. Timmermans, Company Law as IUS Commune, (Walter van Gerven

Lectures - 1) (Intersentia, 2002).

(963) C. Hampton, European Company Law Reforms Make Uneven Progress, 14 EuroWatch 10

(2002).

(964) Robert J. Franzese, Jr. & James M.. Mosher, Comparative Institutional and Policy

Advantage: The Scope for Divergence within European Economic Integration, 3 Eur. Un.

Pol. 177 (2002).

(965) Klaus J. Hopt, Common Principles of Corporate Governance in Europe, in CORPORATE

GOVERNANCE REGIMES: CONVERGENCE AND DIVERSITY, 175 (Joseph McCahery ed.)

(Oxford University Press; 2002).

(966) Discussion Section, The Value of Harmonization, in THE EUROPEAN COMPANY:

DEVELOPING A COMMUNITY LAW OF CORPORATIONS, 138 (Jonathan Rickford eds.)

(Intersentia Publishing, 2003).

(967) Tim F. Atkins, Can National Corporate Governance Codes Sufficiently Converge to Protect

Diverse Interests within the European Union? (Dec. 2003) (unpublished Masters’ Thesis, on

file with SSRN) , available at <http://ssrn.com/abstract=573901>.

(968) Laurent Faugérolas, Impact of Take-overs and their Regulation on French Company Law and

Practice, in CAPITAL MARKETS AND COMPANY LAW 327 (Klaus J. Hopt & Eddy Wymeersch

eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2003).

(969) Karel Van Hulle, Does the EU have a Role to Play in Company Law?, in THE REGULATION

OF COMPANIES: A TRIBUTE TO PAUL KRÜGER ANDERSEN, 29 (Mette Neville & Karsten

Engsig Sørensen eds.) (Forlaget Thomson A/S; 2003).

71

(970) Uriel Procaccia & Uzi Segal, Thou Shalt Not Sow Thy Vineyard with Divers Seeds? The Case

Against the Harmonization of Private Law, in CAPITAL MARKETS AND COMPANY LAW 639

(Klaus J. Hopt & Eddy Wymeersch eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2003).

(971) Frits Bolkestein, The New European Company: Opportunity in Diversity, in THE EUROPEAN



(972) Marie-Agnes Arlt, Cécile Bervoets, Kristoffel Grechenig & Suanne Kalss, The Status of the

Law on Stock Companies in Central and Eastern-Europe: Facing the Challenge to Enter the

European Union and Implement European Company Law, 4 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR)

245 (Oct., 2003).

(973) Alan S. Reid, The Increasing Europeanisation of Company Law, 24 Bus. L. Rev. 165 (2003)

(974) Jan Andersson, The High Level Group and the Issue of European Company Law

Harmonisation – Europe Stumbles Along?, in THE REGULATION OF COMPANIES: A TRIBUTE

TO PAUL KRÜGER ANDERSEN, 183 (Mette Neville & Karsten Engsig Sørensen eds.) (Forlaget

Thomson A/S; 2003).

(975) Discussion Section, Themes from the Conference: The Value of Harmonization, in THE

EUROPEAN COMPANY: DEVELOPING A COMMUNITY LAW OF CORPORATIONS, 133 (Jonathan

Rickford eds.) (Intersentia Publishing, 2003).

(976) András Kisfaludi, The Harmonisation of Hungarian Company Law – A Pendular Process, 5

Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 705 (Dec., 2004).

(977) Marco Becht & Colin Mayer, Corporate Governance in Europe: Competition versus

Harmonization, in MARKET DISCIPLINE ACROSS COUNTRIES AND INDUSTRIES, 255 (Claudio

Borro, William C. Hunter, George Kaufman & Kostas Tsatsaronis eds.) (MIT Press, 2004).

(978) Hanno Merkt, European Company Law Reform: Struggling for a More Liberal Approach, 1

Eur. Co. & Fin. L. Rev. 3 (Apr. 2004).

(979) Katharina Pistor, Enhancing Corporate Governance in the New Member States: Does EU

Law Help?, in LAW AND GOVERNANCE IN AN ENLARGED EUROPEAN UNION, 339 (George A.

Bermann & Katharina Pistor eds.) (Hart Publishing, 2004).

(980) BARBARA PASA & ANTONIO BENACCHIO, THE HARMONIZATION OF CIVIL AND

COMMERCIAL LAW IN EUROPE, 265 – 409 (Central European University Press, New York;

2005).

(981) Mathias Siems, The Case against Harmonisation of Shareholder Rights, 6 Eur. Bus. Org. L.

Rev. (EBOR) 539 (2005).

(982) Joseph McCahery & Gérard A. Hertig, A Legal Options Approach to EC Company Law, in

INVESTOR PROTECTION IN EUROPE: CORPORATE LAW MAKING, THE MIFID AND BEYOND,

(Guido Ferrarini & Eddy Wymeersch eds.) (Nov., 2006).

(983) Luca Enriques & Matteo Gatti, The Uneasy Case for Top-Down Corporate Law

Harmonization in the European Union, 27 U. Pa. J. Int'l Econ. L. 939 (Winter, 2006).

(984) John Birds, Reforming the United Kingdom Company Law in a European Context: a Long

and Winding Road, in EUROPEAN COMPANY LAW IN ACCELERATED PROGRESS, 9 (Steef M.

Bartman ed.) (Kluwer Publications: 2006).

(985) Luca Enriques, Company Law Harmonization Reconsidered: What Role for the EC?, in

EUROPEAN COMPANY LAW IN ACCELERATED PROGRESS, 59 (Steef M. Bartman ed.) (Kluwer

Publications: 2006).

72

(986) Hanne Søndergaard Birkmose, Regulatory Competition and the European Harmonisation

Process, 17 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 1075 (2006).

(987) Bastiaan van Apeldoorn & Laura Horn, The Transformation of Corporate Governance

Regulation in the European Union: From Harmonization to Marketization, in THE

TRANSNATIONAL POLITICS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REGULATION (Henk Overbeek,

Bastiaan van Apeldoorn & Andreas Nölke eds.) (Routledge: 2007).

(c) European Takeover Market

(988) Koen Byttebier, Protective and Defensive Measures against Hostile Take-overs, in FURTHER

PERSPECTIVES IN FINANCIAL INTEGRATION IN EUROPE, 181 (Eddy Wymeersch ed.) (Berlin-

New York, 1994).

(989) Gerard von Solinge, Corporate Law Aspects of Cross-Border Mergers, in CURRENT ISSUES

OF CROSS BORDER ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPANIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, 143 (Jan

Wouters & Hildegard Schneider eds.) (Antwerp, Maklu, 1995).

(990) Jonathan R. Macey, Clas Bergström, Peter Högfeldt & Per Samuelsson, The Regulation of

Corporate Acquisitions: A Law and Economics Analysis of European Proposals for Reform,

1995 Colum. Bus. L. Rev. 495 (1995).

(991) Yves Dezalay, Technological Warfare: The Battle to Control the Mergers and Acquisition

Market in Europe, in PROFESSIONAL COMPETITION AND PROFESSIONAL POWER: LAWYERS,

ACCOUNTANTS AND THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF MARKETS 205 (Yves Dezalay & David

Sugarman eds.) (New York : Routledge, 1995).

(992) Ton Daniëls, The Relevance of the EC Merger Directive of 23 July 1990 in European

Mergers and Reorganizations, in CURRENT ISSUES OF CROSS BORDER ESTABLISHMENT OF

COMPANIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, 91 (Jan Wouters & Hildegard Schneider eds.)

(Antwerp, Maklu, 1995).

(993) Eddy Wymeersch, The Regulation of Takeover Bids in a Comparative Perspective, in

EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS LAW: LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSES ON

INTEGRATION AND HARMONIZATION 291 (Richard M. Buxbaum, Gerard Hertig, Alain Hirsch

& Klaus J. Hopt, eds.: 1996).

(994) K. H. Baumann, Takeovers in Germany and EU Regulation: Experience and Practice, in

COMPARATIVE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, 659 (Klaus Hopt ed.) (Oxford University Press;

Feb., 1999).

(995) Patrick C. Leyens, European Take-overs, 12 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 42 (2001).

(996) Anne Funch Jensen, Cross-Border Mergers Before and After the Societas Europaea (SE),

(2001) (Masters’ of Law Thesis, College of Europe).

(997) Klaus J. Hopt, Takeover Regulation in Europe -- The Battle for the 13th Directive on

Takeovers, 15 Aust. J. Corp. L. 2 (Nov. 2002).

(998) Rolf Skog, The Takeover Directive – An Endless Saga?, 13 Eur. Bus. L. 301 (2002).

(999) Julian R. Franks, Colin Mayer & Luc Renneboog, Managerial Disciplining and the Market

for (Partial) Corporate Control in the UK, in CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REGIMES:

CONVERGENCE AND DIVERSITY, 441 (Joseph McCahery ed.) (Oxford University Press;

2002).

73

(1000) Gian Luca Zampa, The Role of Efficiency under the EU Merger Regulation, 4 Eur. Bus. Org.

L. Rev. (EBOR) 573 (Dec., 2003).

(1001) JOSEPH MCCAHERY & LUC RENNEBOOG, THE ECONOMICS OF THE PROPOSED TAKEOVER

DIRECTIVE (Centre for European Policy Studies; 2003).

(1002) Richard Burnley, The EC Merger Regulation and the Meaning of ―Community Dimension, 14

Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 815 (2003).

(1003) Erik Berglöf & Mike Burkart, European Takeover Regulation, 18 Econ. Pol. 171 (Apr.,

2003).

(1004) Laurent Faugérolas, Impact of Take-overs and their Regulation on French Company Law and

Practice, in CAPITAL MARKETS AND COMPANY LAW 327 (Klaus J. Hopt & Eddy Wymeersch

eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2003).

(1005) Jan Schans Christensen, The New Draft Takeover Directive – A Breakthrough for Levelling

the Playing Field in Europe?, in THE REGULATION OF COMPANIES: A TRIBUTE TO PAUL

KRÜGER ANDERSEN, 201 (Mette Neville & Karsten Engsig Sørensen eds.) (Forlaget

Thomson A/S; 2003).

(1006) Mathias M. Siems, The Rules on Conflict of Laws in the European Takeover Directive, 1 Eur.

Comp. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFLR) 458 (2004).

(1007) Steef Bartman, Analysis and consequences of the EC Directive on Takeover Bids, 1 Eur. Co.

L. 5 (2004).

(1008) Andre Nilsen, Anglo-American v. Continental-Nordic Models of Corporate Governance: The

Political Economy of Takeovers in the European Union, 15 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 1353

(2004).

(1009) Matteo Gatti, Optionality Arrangements and Reciprocity in the European Takeover Directive,

6 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 553 (Dec., 2005).

(1010) Jette Steen Knudsen, Is the Single European Market an Illusion? Obstacles to Reform of EU

Takeover Regulation , 11 Eur. L. J. 507 (2005).

(1011) Marco Ventoruzzo, Europe's Thirteenth Directive and U.S. Takeover Regulation: Regulatory

Means and Political and Economic Ends, 41 Tex. Int'l L.J. 171 (Spring, 2006).

(1012) Michel Menjucq, The European Regime on Takeovers, 3 Eur. Comp. & Fin. L. Rev.

(ECFLR) 222 (2006).

(1013) Anna-Louise Hinds, The New EC Merger Regulation – The More Things Change the More

They Stay the Same?, 17 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 1693 (2006).

(1014) Steef M. Bartman, The EC Directive on Takeover Bids: Opting in as a Token of Good

Corporate Practice, in EUROPEAN COMPANY LAW IN ACCELERATED PROGRESS, 1 (Steef M.

Bartman ed.) (Kluwer Publications: 2006).

(1015) Marc Meyers, Luxembourg Transposes Takeover Directive Against the Backdrop of Mittal

Steel‘s Bid for Arcelor, 3 Eur. Co. L. 261 (2006).

(1016) Cedric Ryngaert, Cross-Border Takeover Regulation: a Transatlantic Perspective, 4 Eur.

Bus. L. Rev. (EBOR) 434 (2007).

(1017) Harald Gesell & Pieter Riemer, ―Outbound‖ Cross-border Mergers Protected by Freedom of

Establishment Annotation to the Decision of the Amsterdam District Court (Kantongerecht)

29 January 2007, EA 06-3338 166, 4 Eur. Comp. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFLR) 308 (2007).

74

(1018) Marco Ventoruzzo, Cross-border Mergers, Change of Applicable Corporate Laws and

Protection of Dissenting Shareholders: Withdrawal Rights under Italian Law, 4 Eur. Comp.

& Fin. L. Rev. (ECFLR) 47 (2007).

(1019) Lone L. Hansen, Merger, Moving and Division Across National Borders – When Case Law

Breaks through Barriers and Overtakes Directives, 18 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 181 (2007).

(1020) Marco Ventoruzzo, Takeover Regulation as Wolf in Sheep‘s Clothing: Taking Armour &

Skeel‘s Thesis to Continental Europe (Bocconi Legal Studies Research Paper, No. 2008-02,

2008).

(d) European Insolvency Forum Competition

(1021) Marc Lauterfeld, ―Centros‖ and the EC Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings: The End of

the ―Real Seat‖ Approach towards Pseudo-foreign Companies in German International

Company and Insolvency Law? —The Danger of Diverging Developments of the Connecting

Factors in Company and Insolvency Law— 12 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 79 (March/April

2001).

(1022) Ann-Christine Halén, “Centre of Main Interests” – a New Concept in European Insolvency

Law (2002) (Masters of Law Thesis, Lund University Faculty of Law) available at

<http://www.jur.lu.se/Internet/english/essay/Masterth.nsf/0/D4503A1E6E0203E3C1256BC8

00736673/$File/xsmall.pdf?OpenElement>

(1023) Federico Maria Mucciarelli, The Transfer of the Registered Office and Forum-Shopping in

International Insolvency Cases: an Important Decision from Italy – Case Note on the

Decision ―B & C‖ of the Italian Corte di Cassazione –, 2 Eur. Comp. & Fin. L. Rev.

(ECFLR) 109 (2005).

(1024) Thomas Bachner, The Battle over Jurisdiction in European Insolvency Law – ECJ 2.5.2006,

C-341/04 (Eurofood) –, 3 Eur. Comp. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFLR) 1310 (2006).

(1025) Bob Wessels, The Place of the Registered Office of a Company: a Cornerstone in the

Application of the EC Insolvency Regulation, 3 Eur. Co. L. 183 (2006).

(1026) Luca Enriques & Martin Gelter, How the Old World Encountered the New One: Regulatory

Competition and Cooperation in European Corporate and Bankruptcy Law, 81 Tulane L.

Rev. 577 (2007).

(e) Delawarization Fears

(1027) Catherine Holst, European Company Law after Centros: Is the EU on the Road to Delaware,

8 Colum. J. Eur. L. 323 (2002).

(1028) Luca Enriques, EC Company Law and the Fears of a European Delaware, 15 Eur. Bus. L.

Rev. 1259 (2004).

(1029) Robert R. Drury, The ―Delaware Syndrome‖: European Fears and Reactions, 2005 J. Bus.

L. 709 (2005).

75

(1030) Karolina Carlsson, A Possible European Delaware – Can the European Private Company

Prevent It?- (May 2006) (Masters’ Thesis, Jönköping International Business School)

available at <http://www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_nbn_se_hj_diva-381-

1__fulltext.pdf>

(1031) Patrick S. Ryan, Will There Ever Be a Delaware of Europe?, 11 Colum. J. Eur. L. 187

(Winter 2004/2005).

(4) Forum Selection in the European Union

(a) Choice of Law within the European Union

(1032) Tobias H. Tröger, Choice of Jurisdiction in European Corporate Law – Perspectives of

European Corporate Governance, 6 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 3 (Mar., 2005).

(1033) Massimo V. Benedettelli, Conflicts of Jurisdiction and Conflicts of Law in Company Law

Matters within the EU 'Market for Corporate Models', in INTERNATIONAL THEMES IN

BUSINESS LAW (Stephen T Hardy & Mark Butler eds.) (Sage Publications: 2007).

(1034) Werner F. Ebke, The European Conflict-of-Corporate-Laws Revolution, in INTERNATIONAL

THEMES IN BUSINESS LAW (Stephen T Hardy & Mark Butler eds.) (Sage Publications:

2007).

(b) Conflict of Laws Rules within the European Union

(1035) Eric Stein, Conflict-of-Laws Rules by Treaty: Recognition of Companies in a Regional

Market, 68 Mich. L. Rev. 1327 (Jun., 1970).

(1036) Gaute Simen Gravir, Conflict of Laws Rules for Norwegian Companies, 12 Eur. Bus. L. Rev.

(EBLR) 146 (2001).

(1037) Erik Werlauff, The Main Seat Criterion in a New Disguise, 12 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 2

(2001).

(1038) STEPHAN RAMMELOO, CORPORATIONS IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW: A EUROPEAN

PERSPECTIVE (Oxford University Press, 2001).

(1039) Werner F. Ebke, The ―Real Seat‖ Doctrine in the Conflict of Corporate Laws, 36 Int’l Law.

1015 (2002).

(c) Foreign Company Recognition

(1040) Berthold Goldman, The Convention between the Member States of the European Economic

Community on The Mutual Recognition of Companies and Legal Persons, 6 Com. Mar. L.

Rev. (CMLR) 104 (Nov., 1968).

76

(1041) Philippe Colle, The Influence of the European Convention on Mutual Recognition of

Companies and Legal Persons, and of the Directives on Company Law upon the Legal Status

of the One-man Company in Belgium, 19 Com. Mar. L. Rev. (CMLR) 79 (1982).

(1042) Robert R. Drury, The Regulation and Recognition of Foreign Corporations: Responses to the

‗Delaware Syndrome‘, 57 Corp. L.J. 165 (1998) reprinted at 57 Cambridge L.J. 165 (1998).

(1043) Erik Werlauff, Using a Foreign Company for Domestic Activities, 10 Eur. Bus. L. Rev.

(EBLR) 306 (July 1999).

(1044) Eva Micheler, Recognition of Companies Incorporated in Other EU Member States, 52 Int’l

Comp. L. Q. (ICLQ) 521 (Apr., 2003).

(1045) Wulf-Henning Roth, Recognition of Foreign Companies in Siège Réel Countries: A German

Perspective, in CURRENT ISSUES OF CROSS BORDER ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPANIES IN THE

EUROPEAN UNION, 29 (Jan Wouters & Hildegard Schneider eds.) (Antwerp, Maklu, 1995).

(1046) Stephan Rammeloo, Recognition of Foreign Companies in ―Incorporation‖ Countries: A

Dutch Perspective, in CURRENT ISSUES OF CROSS BORDER ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPANIES

IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, 47 (Jan Wouters & Hildegard Schneider eds.) (Antwerp, Maklu,

1995).

(d) Corporate Mobility within the E.U.

(1047) Inne G. F. Cath, Freedom of Establishment of Companies: A New Step Towards Completion

of the Internal Market, 6 Y.B. Eur. L. 246 (1986).

(1048) Jaap W. Bellingwout, Company Migration in Motion: The KPMG Report 1993, in CURRENT

ISSUES OF CROSS BORDER ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPANIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, 75

(Jan Wouters & Hildegard Schneider eds.) (Antwerp, Maklu, 1995).

(1049) Harry Rajak, Proposal for a Fourteenth European and Council Directive on the Transfer of

the Registered Office or de facto Head Office of a Company from One Member State to

Another with a Change in Applicable Law, 11 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 43 (2000).

(1050) Norbert Kuehrer, Cross-border Company Establishment, 12 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. 110 (2001).

(1051) Alexandros Roussos, Realising the Free Movement of Companies, 12 Eur. Bus. L. Rev.

(EBLR) 7 (2001).

(1052) Christian Kersting, Corporate Choice of Law - A Comparison between the United States and

European Systems and a Proposal for a European Directive, 28 Brook. J. Int’l L. 1 (2002).

(1053) Eddy Wymeersch, The Transfer of the Company‘s Seat in European Company Law, 40 Com.

Mar. L. Rev. (CMLR) 661 (2003).

(1054) Discussion Section, Themes from the Conference: Transfers of Seat, in THE EUROPEAN



(1055) Peter Dyrberg, Full Free Movement of Companies in the European Community at Last?, 28

Eur. L. Rev. 528 (2003).

(1056) Eddy Wymeersch, The Transfer of the Company's Seat in European Company Law, 40

Common Mkt. L. Rev. 661 (2003).

77

(1057) Eddy Wymeersch, Cross-Border Transfer of the Seat of a Company – Recent EU Case Law

and the SE, in THE EUROPEAN COMPANY: DEVELOPING A COMMUNITY LAW OF

CORPORATIONS, 83 (Jonathan Rickford eds.) (Intersentia Publishing, 2003).

(1058) Discussion Section, Transfers of Seat, in THE EUROPEAN COMPANY: DEVELOPING A

COMMUNITY LAW OF CORPORATIONS, 149 (Jonathan Rickford eds.) (Intersentia Publishing,

2003).

(1059) Gilbert Parleani, Relocation and Taxation: the European Court of Justice Disallows the

French Rule of Direct Taxation of Unrealised Gains – Commentary on the ECJ‘s Decision in

Hughes de Lasteyrie du Saillant –, 1 Eur. Comp. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFLR) 379 (2004).

(1060) Manuel Garcia-Riestra, The Transfer of Seat of the European Company v. Free Establishment

Case-Law, 15 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 1295 (2004).

(1061) Jens C. Dammann, Freedom of Choice in European Corporate Law, 29 Yale J. Int'l L. 477

(2004).

(1062) Wolf-Georg Ringe, No Freedom of Emigration for Companies?, 16 Eur. Bus. L. Rev.

(EBLR) 621 (2005).

(1063) Mads Andenas, Tilmann Gütt & Matthias Pannier, Free Movement of Capital and National

Company Law, 16 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 757 (2005).

(1064) Enrico Vaccaro, Transfer of Seat and Freedom of Establishment in European Company Law,

16 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 1348 (2005).

(1065) Gert-Jan Vossestein, Capital and Companies: On the Move!, 3 Eur. Co. L. 124 (2006).

(1066) Gert-Jan Vossestein, Exit Restrictions on Freedom of Establishment after Marks & Spencer,

7 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 863 (Dec., 2006).

(1067) Wolfgang Schön, The Mobility of Companies in Europe and the Organizational Freedom of

Company Founders, 3 Eur. Comp. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFLR) 122 (2006).

(1068) Andrew Johnston, EC Freedom of Establishment, Employee Participation in Corporate

Governance and the Limits of Regulatory Competition, 6 J. Corp. L. Stud. 71 (Apr. 2006).

(1069) Gero Burwitz, Tax Consequences of the Migration of Companies: A Practitioner's

Perspective, 7 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 589 (Jun., 2007).

(1070) Eddy Wymeersch, Is a Directive on Corporate Mobility Needed?, 8 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev.

(EBOR) 161 (March 2007).

(1071) Robert R. Drury, Migrating Companies, in INTERNATIONAL THEMES IN BUSINESS LAW

(Stephen T Hardy & Mark Butler eds.) (Sage Publications: 2007).

(1072) Arianna Ugliano, The New Cross-Border Merger Directive: Harmonisation of European

Company Law and Free Movement, 18 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 585 (2007).

(1073) Dilek Özkök-Çubukçu & Korkut Özkorkut, Extraterritorial Corporate Mobility from the

Perspective of Company and Tax Law and the European Company, 23 Ban. & Com. L. Ins. J.

(BATIDER) 111 (2007) [in Turkish: “Şirketler Hukuku ve Vergi Hukuku Yönünden Sınırötesi

Şirket Hareketliliği ve Avrupa Şirketi”]

(1074) William W. Bratton, Joseph A. McCahery & Eric P. M. Vermeulen, How Does Corporate

Mobility Affect Lawmaking? A Comparative Analysis (ECGI - Law Working Paper No.

91/2008, January 2008) available at <http://ssrn.com/abstract=1086667>.

78

(e) The European Company (Societas Europaea)

(1075) Pieter Sanders, The European Company on Its Way, 8 Common Market L. Rev. (CMLR) 29

(1971).

(1076) Andreas Wehlau, The Societas Europea: A Critique of the Commission‘s 1991 Amended

Proposal, 29 Com. Mar. L. Rev. (CMLR) 473 (1992).

(1077) S. Israel, The European Company Statute - SE, in FURTHER PERSPECTIVES IN FINANCIAL

INTEGRATION IN EUROPE, 219 (Eddy Wymeersch ed.) (Berlin-New York, 1994).

(1078) Christian R. Huiskes, The European Company as an Instrument for Corporate

Reorganisations within the European Internal Market, in CURRENT ISSUES OF CROSS

BORDER ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPANIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, 157 (Jan Wouters &

Hildegard Schneider eds.) (Antwerp, Maklu, 1995).

(1079) Krister Moberg, The European Company in Nordic Countries, in CURRENT ISSUES OF CROSS

BORDER ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPANIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, 169 (Jan Wouters &

Hildegard Schneider eds.) (Antwerp, Maklu, 1995).

(1080) J. Gray, Law Society Company Law Committee Responds to DTI Consultation Paper on the

European Company Statute, 18 Comp. L. 331 (1997).

(1081) Marie-Agnes Arlt, Cécile Bervoets, Kristoffel Grechenig & Suanne Kalss, The Societas

Europaea in Relation to the Public Corporation of Five Member States (France, Italy,

Netherlands, Spain, Austria), 3 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 733 (2002).

(1082) Brent Springael, Taxation Issues and the Single European Company: A Preliminary Look at

Societas Europaea, 14 EuroWatch 1 (2002).

(1083) Anna Avagainou, The European Company Statute, (Eur. L. Stud. Assoc. (ELSA) Selected

Papers, Paper No. 2002(2), 2002) available at

<http://www.elsa.org/pdf/SPEL02_2_Avagianou_Revised.pdf>.

(1084) Jonathan Rickford, Inaugural Lecture - The European Company, in THE EUROPEAN



(1085) Pieter Sanders, The SE: From Conception to Reality, in THE EUROPEAN COMPANY:



(1086) José Garrido, Company Law and Capital Markets, in THE EUROPEAN COMPANY:



(1087) Christoph Teichmann, The European Company – A Challenge to Academics, Legislatures

and Practitioners, 4 German L. J. (Apr. 1, 2003) reprinted in THE REGULATION OF

COMPANIES: A TRIBUTE TO PAUL KRÜGER ANDERSEN, 251 (Mette Neville & Karsten Engsig

Sørensen eds.) (Forlaget Thomson A/S; 2003).

(1088) Jaap Winter, Thalassa! Thalassa! – The SE as a Glimpse of the Future?, in THE EUROPEAN



79

(1089) Discussion Section, Effects of the SE on Regulatory Competition, in THE EUROPEAN



(1090) Erik Werlauff, The SE Company – A New Common European Company from 8 October

2000, 14 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 85 (2003).

(1091) Discussion Section, Themes from the Conference: Effects of SE on Regulatory Competition,

in THE EUROPEAN COMPANY: DEVELOPING A COMMUNITY LAW OF CORPORATIONS, 139

(Jonathan Rickford eds.) (Intersentia Publishing, 2003).

(1092) Sabine Ebert, The European Company on the Level Playing Field of the Community, 14 Eur.

Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 183 (2003).

(1093) Otmar Thömmes, EC Law Aspects of the Transfer of Seat of an SE, 44 Eur. Taxat. 22 (Jan.,

2004).

(1094) Soler Roch & María Teresa, Tax Residence of the SE, 44 Eur. Taxat. 11 (Jan., 2004).

(1095) Paolo Conci, The Tax Treatment of the Creation of a SE, 44 Eur. Taxat. 15 (Jan., 2004).

(1096) Erik Werlauff, Societas Europaea Sum, 1 Eur. Co. L. 110 (2004).

(1097) Theo Raaijmakers, The Statute for a European Company: Its Impact on Board Structures,

and Corporate Governance in the European Union, 5 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 159

(2004).

(1098) Michel Menjucq, Implementation in France of the Regulation on the European Company: A

Strategic Interpretation, 1 Eur. Co. L. 117 (Oct., 2004).

(1099) Malcolm Gammie, EU Taxation and the Societas Europaea -- Harmless Creature or Trojan

Horse?, 44 Eur. Taxat. 35 (Jan., 2004).

(1100) KRZYSZTOF OPLUSTIL & CHRISTOPH TEICHMANN THE EUROPEAN COMPANY: ALL OVER

EUROPE : A STATE-BY-STATE ACCOUNT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF THE EUROPEAN

COMPANY (Walter de Gruyter Publishing; 2004).

(1101) Vanessa Edwards, The European Company – Essential Tool or Eviscerated Dream?, 40

Com. Mar. L. Rev. (CMLR) 443 (2003).

(1102) Erik Werlauff, Cross-border Transfers of SE Companies, 1 Eur. Co. L. 121 (2004).

(1103) Stefano Lombardo & Piero Pasotti, The Societas Europaea: a Network Economics Approach,

1 Eur. Comp. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFLR) 169 (2004).

(1104) Roopa Aitken & Chris Morgan, Societas Europaea: Is Tax an Incentive or a Barrier?, 15

Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 1343 (2004).

(1105) Hanno Merkt, European Company Law Reform: Struggling for a More Liberal Approach, 1

Eur. Comp. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFLR) 3 (2004).

(1106) Luca Enriques, Silence Is Golden: The European Company Statute as a Catalyst for

Company Law Arbitrage, 4 J. Corp. L. Stud. 77 (2004).

(1107) Stefano Lombardo & Piero Pasotti, The Societas Europaea: a Network Economics Approach,

1 Eur. Co. & Fin. L. Rev. 169 (2004).

(1108) Nicolas Tollet, The Societas Europea: Europeanization via Americanization of Corporate

Law. Corporate Governance: Only One Model?, 5 Global Jurist Topics (2005) available at

<http://www.bepress.com/gj/topics/vol5/iss2/art3>.

80

(1109) Christian R. Huiskes & Gerard Meussen, The Place of the European Company in Company

and Tax Law, in THE EUROPEAN COMPANY: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CROSS-

BORDER REORGANIZATIONS FROM A LEGAL AND TAX PERSPECTIVE, 1 (Sven H.M.A.

Dumoulin, Christian R. Huiskes, Eric C.C.M. Kemmeren & Ger J.H. van der Sangen eds.)

(Boom Juridische uitgevers; 2005).

(1110) Christian R. Huiskes, The European Company According to Netherlands Law: Which

Choices Should the Netherlands Legislator Have Made?, in THE EUROPEAN COMPANY:

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CROSS-BORDER REORGANIZATIONS FROM A LEGAL AND

TAX PERSPECTIVE, 35 (Sven H.M.A. Dumoulin, Christian R. Huiskes, Eric C.C.M.

Kemmeren & Ger J.H. van der Sangen eds.) (Boom Juridische uitgevers; 2005).

(1111) Ger van der Sangen & Wendela Mulder, The European Company and Cross-Border

Reorganizations: The Impact of the SE Statute on the Development of EU Company and Tax

Law, in THE EUROPEAN COMPANY: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CROSS-BORDER

REORGANIZATIONS FROM A LEGAL AND TAX PERSPECTIVE, 95 (Sven H.M.A. Dumoulin,

Christian R. Huiskes, Eric C.C.M. Kemmeren & Ger J.H. van der Sangen eds.) (Boom

Juridische uitgevers; 2005).

(1112) Michael Gold & Sandra Schwimbersky, The European Company Statute: Implications for

Industrial Relations in the European Union, 14 Eur. Indus. Rel. 45 (2006).

(1113) Christoph Teichmann, ―Law as a Product‖ – Regulatory Competition in the Common Market

and the European Private Company, in EUROPEAN COMPANY LAW IN ACCELERATED

PROGRESS, 145 (Steef M. Bartman ed.) (Kluwer Publications: 2006).

(1114) NOËLLE LENOIR, THE SOCIETAS EUROPAEA OR SE - THE NEW EUROPEAN COMPANY:

REPORT COMMISSIONED BY THE FRENCH MINISTER OF JUSTICE (HEC EUROPE INSTITUTE,

PARIS; JUL., 2007) available at <http://tinyurl.com/38pwz5> (Last visited Feb. 17, 2008).

(1115) Marios Bouloukos, The European Company (SE) as a Vehicle for Corporate Mobility within

the EU: A Breakthrough in European Corporate Law?, 18 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 535

(2007).

(1116) Christine Hodt Dickens, Establishment of the SE Company: An Overview over the Provisions

Governing the Formation of the European Company, 18 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 1423

(2007).

(1117) Noëlle Lenoir, The SE or Societas Europaea – a European Citizenship for Corporations, 4

Eur. Co. L. 116 (2007).

(1118) Lorenzo Sasso, Societas Europaea: between Harmonization and Regulatory Competition, 4

Eur. Co. L. 159 (2007).

(f) The European Private Company

(1119) Andrew Hicks & Robert Drury, The Proposal for a European Private Company, 1999 J. Bus.

L. 429 (1999).

(1120) Arkadiusz Radwan, European Private Company and the Regulatory Landscape in the EU -

An Introductory Note, 18 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 769 (2007).

81

(5) Development of the European Jurisprudence

(a) In General

(1121) Jan Wouters, The European Court of Justice and Fiscal Barriers to Companies‘ Cross-

Border Establishment, in CURRENT ISSUES OF CROSS BORDER ESTABLISHMENT OF

COMPANIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, 101 (Jan Wouters & Hildegard Schneider eds.)

(Antwerp, Maklu, 1995).

(1122) Luca Cerioni, The Barriers to the International Mobility of Companies within the European

Community: A Re-reading of the Case-Law, 1 J. Bus. L. 59 (1999).

(1123) Wulf-Henning Roth, Case Law, 37 Common Mkt. L. Rev. (CMLR) 147 (2000).

(1124) Eddy Wymeersch, Cross-Border Transfer of the Seat of a Company – Recent EU Case Law

and the SE, in THE EUROPEAN COMPANY: DEVELOPING A COMMUNITY LAW OF

CORPORATIONS, 83 (Jonathan Rickford eds.) (Intersentia Publishing, 2003).

(1125) Ulrich Klinke, European Company Law and the ECJ: The Court‘s Judgments in the Years

2001 to 2004, 2 Eur. Co. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFLR) 270 (June 2005).

(1126) Patrick S. Ryan, Will There Ever Be a Delaware of Europe?, 11 Colum. J. Eur. L. 187

(Winter 2004/2005).

(1127) Peter Sester & José Luis Cárdenas, The Extra-Communitarian Effects of Centros,

Überseering and Inspire Art with Regard to Fourth Generation Association Agreements, 2

Eur. Co. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFR) 398 (Sept., 2005).

(1128) Daniel Dürrschmidt, Judicial Review of Takeover Panel Decisions, 16 Eur. Bus. L. Rev.

(EBLR) 1133 (2005).

(b) Centros2

(1129) D. Martin, Comments on Terhoeve (Case C-18/95 of 26 January 1999), Centros (Case C-

212/97 of 9 March 1999) and Meeusen (Case C-337/97 of 8 June 1999), 1 Eur. J. Migration

& L. 385 (1999).

(1130) Karsten Engsig Sørensen, Prospects for European Company Law After the Judgment of the

European Court of Justice in Centros Ltd., 2 Cambridge Y.B. Eur. L. Stud. 203 (1999).

(1131) Simon Deakin, Two Types of Regulatory Competition: Competitive Federalism versus

Reflexive Harmonisation. A Law and Economics Perspective on Centros, 2 Cambridge Y.B.

Eur. L. Stud. 231 (1999).

(1132) Richard M. Buxbaum, Back to the Future? From ‗Centros‘ to the ‗Überlagerungstheorie‘, in

FESTSCHRIFT FÜR OTTO SANDROCK ZUM 70. GEBURTSTAG 149 (K. Berger et al. eds.,

Heidelberg 2000).

2 Case C-212/97, Centros Ltd. v. Erhvervs-og Selskabsstyrelsen, [1999] E.C.R. I-1459 (Mar. 9, 1999).

82

(1133) Paul J. Omar, Centros Revisited; Assessing the Impact on Corporate Organisation in Europe,

Int’l Co.. & Com. L. Rev. 407 (2000).

(1134) Luca Cerioni, A Possible Turning-point in the Development of EC Company Law: The

Centros Case, 2 Int'l & Comp. Corp. L. J. 165 (2000).

(1135) Vanessa Edwards, Case-Law of the European Court of Justice on Freedom of Establishment

after Centros, 1 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 147 (2000).

(1136) Werner F. Ebke, Centros—Some Realities and Some Mysteries, 48 Am. J. Comp. L. 623

(2000).

(1137) Helen Xanthaki, Centros: Is This Really the End for the Theory of Siège Reel?, 22 Co. Law.

2 (2000).

(1138) Daniel Zimmer, Private International Law of Business Organizations, 1 Eur. Bus. Org. L.

Rev. (EBOR) 585 (2000).

(1139) Eva Micheler, The Impact of the Centros Case on Europe‘s Company Laws, 21 Comp. L. 179

(2000).

(1140) Anne Looijestijn-Clearie, Centros Ltd. - A Complete U-Turn in the Right of Establishment for

Companies, 49 Int'l & Comp. L.Q. 621 (2000).

(1141) Eddy Wymeersch, Centros: A Landmark decision in European Company Law, in

CORPORATIONS, CAPITAL MARKETS AND BUSINESS IN THE LAW: LIBER AMICORUM 629

(Richard M. Buxbaum et al. eds., London: 2000).

(1142) Peter Behrens, International Company Law in View of the Centros Decision of the ECJ, 1

Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 125 (2000).

(1143) Marc Lauterfeld, ―Centros‖ and the EC Regulation, 12 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 79 (2001).

(1144) Peter Behrens, Reactions of Member State Courts to the Centros Ruling by the ECJ, 2 Eur.

Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 159 (2001).

(1145) Paul Rose, EU Company Law Convergence Possibilities after Centros, 11 Transnat'l L. &

Contemp. Probs. 121 (2001).

(1146) Catherine Holst, European Company Law after Centros: Is the EU on the Road to Delaware,

8 Colum. J. Eur. L. 323 (2002).

(1147) Jesper Lau Hansen, A New Look at Centros – From a Danish Point of View, 13 Eur. Bus. L.

Rev. (EBLR) 85 (2002).

(1148) Peter Behrens, Centros and the Proper Law of Companies, in CAPITAL MARKETS IN THE AGE

OF THE EURO: CROSS-BORDER TRANSACTIONS, LISTED COMPANIES AND REGULATION 503

(Guido. Ferrarini et al. eds., The Hague: 2002).

(1149) Mathias M. Siems, Convergence, Competition, Centros and Conflicts of Law: European

company Law in the 21st Century, 27 Eur. L. Rev. 47 (2002).

(1150) Jens C. Dammann, The Future of Codetermination after Centros: Will German Corporate

Law move closer to the U.S. Model?, 8 Fordham J. Corp. & Fin. L. 607 (2003).

(1151) Martin Ebers, Company Law in Member States against the Background of Legal

Harmonisation and Competition between Legal Systems, 11 Eur. Rev. Priv. L. 509 (2003).

(1152) Massimo V. Benedettelli, Conflicts of Jurisdiction and Conflicts of Law in Company Law

Matters Within the EU ‘Market for Corporate Models‘: Brussels I and Rome I after Centros,

16 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 55 (2005).

83

(1153) P. Muchlinski, Corporations in International Litigation, in INTERNATIONAL THEMES IN

BUSINESS LAW (Stephen T Hardy & Mark Butler eds.) (Sage Publications: 2007).

(1154) Eva Micheler, The Impact of the Centros Case on Europe's Company Laws, in

INTERNATIONAL THEMES IN BUSINESS LAW (Stephen T Hardy & Mark Butler eds.) (Sage

Publications: 2007).

(c) Uberseering3

(1155) Kilian Baelz & Teresa Baldwin, The End of the Real Seat Theory (Sitztheorie): the European

Court of Justice Decision in Überseering of 5 November 2002 and its Impact on German and

European Company Law, 3 German L. J. (Dec. 1, 2002).

(1156) Luca Cerioni, The Überseering Ruling: The Eve of a Revolution for the Possibilities of

Companies‘ Migration throughout the European Community?, 10 Colum. J. Eur. L. 117

(Winter 2003).

(1157) Frank Wooldridge, Überseering: Freedom of Establishment of Companies Affirmed, 14 Eur.

Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 227 (2003).

(1158) Stefano Lombardo, Conflict of Law Rules in Company Law after Überseering: An Economic

and Comparative Analysis of the Allocation of Policy Competence in the European Union, 4

Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 301 (2003).

(1159) Wulf-Henning Roth, From Centros to Überseering: Free Movement of Companies, Private

International Law, and Community Law, 52 Int’l & Comp. L. Q (ICLQ) 177 (2003).

(1160) Andrea J. Gildea,, Überseering: A European Company Passport, 30 Brook. J. Int’l L. 257

(2004).

(1161) Werner F. Ebke, The European Conflict-of-Corporate-Laws Revolution: Übeerseering,

Inspire Art and Beyond, 16 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 9 (2005).

(1162) Hanne Søndergaard Birkmose, A Market for Company Incorporations in the European

Union?—Is Überseering the Beginning of the End?, 13 Tul. J. Int’l & Comp. L. 55 (2005).

(d) Inspire Art4

(1163) Christian Kersting & Clemens P. Schindler, The ECJ's Inspire Art Decision of 30 September

2003 and its Effects on Practice, 4 German L. J. 1277 (2003) available at

<http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=344>

(1164) Harm-Jan de Kluiver, Inspiring a New European Company Law? – Observations on the

ECJ‘s Decision in Inspire Art from a Dutch Perspective and the Imminent Competition for

Corporate Charters between EC Member States, 1 Eur. Co. & Fin. L. Rev. 121 (2004).

3 Case C-208/00, Überseering BV v. Nordic Constr. Co. Baumanagement GmbH (NCC), [2002] E.C.R. I-

9919 (Nov. 5, 2002). 4 Case C-167/01, Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken voor Amsterdam v. Inspire Art Ltd., [2003] E.C.R.

I-. 10155 (Sept. 30, 2003).

84

(1165) Daniel Zimmer, Case C-167/01, Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken voor Amsterdam v.

Inspire Art Ltd., 41 Common Mkt. L. Rev. 1127 (2004).

(1166) Hans C. Hirt, International Company Law and the Comparison of European Company Law

Systems after the ECJ‘s Decision in Inspire Art Ltd., 15 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 1189

(2004).

(1167) Anne Looijestijn-Clearie, Have the Dikes Collapsed? Inspire Art: A Further Break-Through

in the Freedom of Establishment of Companies?, 5 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 389

(2004).

(1168) Christian Kirchner, Richard W. Painter, & Wulf A. Kaal, Regulatory Competition in EU

Corporate Law After Inspire Art: Unbundling Delaware‘s Product for Europe, 2 Eur. Comp.

& Fin. Rev. (2005).

(1169) Alexander Schall, The UK Limited Company Abroad – How Foreign Creditors are Protected

after Inspire Art (Including a Comparison of UK and German Creditor Protection Rules), 16

Eur. Bus. L. Rev. (EBLR) 1534 (2005).

(1170) Peter Sester & José Luis Cárdenas, The Extra-Communitarian Effects of Centros,

Überseering and Inspire Art with Regard to Fourth Generation Association Agreements, 2

Eur. Co. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFR) 398 (Sept., 2005).

(1171) Dmitry Tuchinsky, The Takeover Directive and Inspire Art: Reevaluating the European

Union's Market for Corporate Control in the New Millennium, 51 N.Y.L. Sch. L. Rev. 688

(2006 / 2007).

(1172) Kai F. Sturmfels, ―Pseudo-foreign companies‖ in Germany - The Centros, Überseering and

Inspire Art decisions of the European Court of Justice, in KEY ASPECTS OF GERMAN

BUSINESS LAW: A PRACTICAL MANUAL 63 (Michael Wendler, Bernd Tremml & Bernard

Buecker eds., Berlin/Heidelberg: 2006).

(e) Hughes de Lasteyrie du Saillant5

(1173) Gilbert Parleani, Relocation and Taxation: the European Court of Justice Disallows the

French Rule of Direct Taxation of Unrealised Gains – Commentary on the ECJ‘s Decision in

Hughes de Lasteyrie du Saillant –, 1 Eur. Co. & Fin. L. Rev. (ECFR) 379 (2004).

(f) Marks & Spencer6

(1174) David Evans, Robert Hodges & Ben Kiekebeld, What the Marks & (and) Spencer Case Will

Mean, 14 Int'l Tax Rev. 34 (2003).

(1175) Jonathan Hare, Marks & (and) Spencer: EU Claims for Cross-Border Loss Relief, 57 Tax

Executive 340 (2005).

5 Case C-9/02, Hughes de Lasteyrie du Saillant v. Ministère de l’Économie, des Finances et de l’Industrie

[2004] ECR I-2409 (Mar. 11, 2004). 6 Case C-446/03, Marks & Spencer PLC v. David Halsey (Her Majesty’s Inspector of Taxes), [2005] ECR,

I-10837 (Dec. 13, 2005).

85

(g) SEVIC7

(1176) Clemens Philipp Schind, Cross-Border Mergers in Europe – Company Law is catching up! –

Commentary on the ECJ's Decision in SEVIC Systems AG, 3 Eur. Comp. & Fin. L. Rev.

(ECFLR) 109 (2006).

(1177) Thomas Rønfeldt & Erik Werlauff, Merger as a Method of Establishment: on Cross-border

Mergers, Transfer of Domicile and Divisions, Directly Applicable under the EC Treaty‘s

Freedom of Establishment, 3 Eur. Co. L. 125 (2006).

(1178) Gert-Jan Vossestein, Companies‘ Freedom of Establishment after Sevic, 3 Eur. Co. L. 177

(2006).

(1179) Clemens P. Schindler, Cross-Border Mergers in Europe – Company Law is catching up! –

Commentary on the ECJ's Decision in SEVIC Systems AG, 2006, 3 Eur. Co. & Fin. L. Rev.

(ECFR) 109 (2006).

(1180) Benjamin Angelette, The Revolution that Never Came and the Revolution Coming—De

Lasteyrie du Salliant, Marks & Spencer, Sevic Systems and the Changing Corporate Law in

Europe, 92 Va. L. Rev. 1189 (2006).

B. Australia

(1181) Rob McQueen, Why High Court Judges Make Poor Historians: The Corporations Act Case

and Early Attempts to Establish a National System of Company Regulation in Australia, 19

Fed. L. Rev. 245 (1990).

(1182) Robert Austin, Federal-State Conflicts as Seen in the Light of the Australian Experience

Regarding Securities Regulation, in EUROPEAN BUSINESS LAW: LEGAL AND ECONOMIC

ANALYSES ON INTEGRATION AND HARMONIZATION, 167 (Richard Buxbaum, Gérard Hertig,

Alain Hirsch & Klaus Hopt eds.) (Berlin/New York, De Gruyter, 1991).

(1183) Joanna Bird & Jennifer Hill, Regulatory Rooms In Australian Corporate Law, 25 Brooklyn J.

Int'l L. 555 (1999).

(1184) Stephen Bottomley, Where did the law go? The Delegation of Australian Corporate

Regulation, 15 Aust. J. Corp. L. 105 (2003).

(1185) Angus Corbett & Stephen Bottomley, Regulating Corporate Governance, in PRINCIPLES OF

CONTEMPORARY CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, 107 (Jean Jacques du Plessis, James McConvill

& Mirko Bagaric eds.) (Cambridge University Press, 2005).

(1186) Andrew Clarke, Australia's Corporate Governance: Balancing Historic, Regional and Free

Trade Paradigms, 18 Aust. J. Corp. L. (AJCL) 103 (2005).

7 Case C-411/03, SEVIC Sys. AG v. Amtsgericht Neuwied, [2005] ECR I-10805 (Dec. 13, 2005).

86

C. Canada

(1187) H. G. Garrett, Phases of Company Law in Canada, 37 Can. L. Times 706 (1917).

(1188) Ronald J. Daniels & Jeffrey MacIntosh, Capital Markets and the Law: The Particular Case

of Canada, 3 Can. Inv. Rev. 77 (1990).

(1189) Ronald J. Daniels, Should Provinces Compete? The Case for a Competitive Corporate Law

Market, 36 McGill L. J. 130 (1991).

(1190) Kenneth G. Ottenbreit & John E. Walker, Learning From the Delaware Experience: A

Comparison of the Canada Business Corporations Act and the Delaware General

Corporation Law, 29 Can. Bus. L.J. 364 (1998).

(1191) Douglas J. Cumming & Jeffrey G. MacIntosh, The Role of Interjurisdictional Competition in

Shaping Canadian Corporate Law, 20 Int'l Rev. L. & Econ. 141, 147 (2000).

(1192) Jeffrey MacIntosh, The Role of Interjurisdictional Competition in Shaping Canadian

Corporate Law: A Second Look, 20 Int'l Rev. of Law & Econ. 141 (2000).

D. China

(1193) Thomas Eger & Margot Schüller, A Comparison of Chinese and European-style Federalism

from a Law and Economics Perspective, in ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAW IN CHINA, 3

(Thomas Eger, Michael Faure, & Zhang Naigen eds.) (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007).

(1194) Jianwei Zhang & Yijia Jing, Legal Pluralism in the Governance of Transitional China,

Thomas Eger & Margot Schüller, A Comparison of Chinese and European-style Federalism

from a Law and Economics Perspective, in ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAW IN CHINA, 55

(Thomas Eger, Michael Faure, & Zhang Naigen eds.) (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007).

E. Germany

(1195) Lutz-Christian Wolff, Law as a Marketing Gimmick - The Case of the German Corporate

Governance Code, 3 Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev. 115 (2004).

F. Italy

(1196) Marco Ventoruzzo, Experiments in Comparative Corporate Law: The Recent Italian Reform

and the Dubious Virtues of a Market for Rules in the Absence of Effective Regulatory

Competition, 40 Tex. Int'l L.J. 113 (2004-2005).

87

G. Japan

(1197) Miwa, Yoshiro & J. Mark Ramseyer. Toward a Theory of Jurisdictional Competition: The

Case of the Japanese FTC, 1 J. Comp. L. & Econ. 247 (2005).

H. Switzerland

(1198) Lars P. Feld, Regulatory Competition and Federalism in Switzerland: Diffusion by

Horizontal and Vertical Interaction, CREMA Research Paper, Paper No.22, (2006) available

at <http://www.crema-research.ch/papers/2006-22.pdf>

I. Emerging Markets

(1199) Andrew T. Guzman, Capital Market Regulation in Developing Countries: A Proposal, 39 Va.

J. Int’l L. 607 (1999).

(1200) Katharina Pistor, Patterns of Legal Change: Shareholder and Creditor Rights in Transition

Economies, 1 Eur. Bus. Org. L. Rev. (EBOR) 59 (2000).

88

INDEXES

INSTITUTIONS INDEX

[ABA] Ad Hoc Committee on Business Courts: 670

[ABA] The Committee on Corporate Laws: 203

[Delaware] Corporation Trust Co. : 324

U.S. Treas. Off. Tax Pol. : 228

U.S. Federal Trade Commission : 777

AUTHOR INDEX

A

Abdelhamid, Doha M. : 98

Adams, Frank T. : 430

Adler, Barry E. : 307

Ahdieh, Robert B. : 578

Aitken, Roopa : 1103

Allen, William T. : 294, 454, 647

Alva, Curtis : 370

Ames, C. B. : 185

Andenas, Mads : 1062

Andersen, Richard E. : 202, 224

Anderson, Derek E. : 233

Andersson, Jan : 973

Angelette, Benjamin : 1179

Aranson, Peter : 856

Arlt, Marie-Agnes : 1080

Armour, John : 652, 927

Arsalidou, Demetra : 718

Arsenault, Pierre-Luc : 579

Arsht, S. Samuel : 325, 326, 359, 434

Art, Robert C. : 256

Arthur, William Brian : 554, 556

Atanasov, Vladimir A.: 22

Atkins, Tim F. : 966

Austin, Robert : 1181

Avagainou, Anna : 1082

Ayres, Ian : 538

B

Bachner, Thomas : 1023

Badr, Amin M. : 87

Baelz, Kilian : 1154

Bailey, Martin J. : 488

Bainbridge, Stephen M. : 863

Baldwin, Teresa : 1154

Ballantine, Henry W. : 405

Bamonte, Thomas J. : 615

Bank, Steven A. : 572

Bar-Gill, Oren : 542

Barnard, Catherine : 40, 891, 957

Bartman, Steef : 1006, 1013

Barzuza, Michal : 541, 542

Baudisch, Matthias : 905

Baum, Harald : 383, 388

Baumann, K. H. : 993

Baumol, William J. : 31

Baums, Theodor : 933

Bayne, David C. : 478

Baysinger, Barry D. : 535, 536

Beale, Joseph H., Jr. : 139

Bebchuk, Lucian Arye: 276, 277, 391, 397,

422, 508, 542, 641, 642, 643, 649, 706, 710,

758, 798, 845

Becht, Marco : 739, 976

Behrens, Peter : 1141, 1143, 1147

Bellingwout, Jaap W. : 1047

Benacchio, Antonio : 979

Benedettelli, Massimo V. : 1032, 1151

Bergh, R. Van den : 882

Bergh, Roger Van Den : 892

Berglöf, Erik : 1002

Bergström, Clas : 989

Berlack, Harris : 833

Berle, Adolph A. Jr. : 403

Bernauer, Thomas : 77

Bervoets, Cécile : 971, 1080,

Bhagat, Sanjai : 721

Bird, Joanna : 1182

Bird, Richard M. : 54

Birds, John : 983

Birkmose, Hanne Søndergaard : 985, 1161

Black, Bernard S. : 6, 18, 22, 644

Black, Lewis S., Jr. : 327

Blandi, Joseph G. : 344

Boehm, Theodore R. : 602

Bolkestein, Frits : 970

Booth, Richard A. : 126, 376

Bostwick, Charles F. : 395

Bottomley, Stephen : 129, 1183, 1184

Bouloukos, Marios : 1114

Bowman, Harold M. : 140

Boyer, Allen D. : 606

89

Brabner-Smith, John W.: 834

Bradley, Caroline : 630

Bradley, Michael : 125, 744

Brandeis, Louis D. : 404

Branson, Douglas M. : 292, 586

Bratton, William W. : 37, 76, 273, 462,

470, 493, 501, 539, 543, 567, 580, 895, 1073

Breeden, Richard C. : 128

Brennan, Timothy J. : 466

Breton, Albert : 36, 53

Brewster, Kingman, Jr. : 103

Brickley, James A. : 746

Brittain-Catlin, William : 243

Brogan, Christopher J. : 791

Brown, Gary M. : 425

Brown, Robert J., Jr. : 130,

Buchanan, James M. : 29

Bullington, John P. : 135

Búrca, Shane de : 820

Burkart, Mike : 1002

Burke, Kerry Shannon: 20

Burnley, Richard : 1002

Burwitz, Gero : 223, 1068

Butler, Henry N. : 307, 364, 366,

476, 536, 544, 546, 624, 628, 870

Buxbaum, Richard M. : 120, 145, 147,

150, 193, 557, 594, 656, 678, 681, 875, 940,

943, 1031

Byttebier, Koen : 987

C

Cadman, John W., Jr. : 350

Calio, Christopher : 335

Callison, J. William : 540

Campbell, Heather : 235

Cantley, Beckett G. : 230

Cárdenas, José Luis : 1169

Carlsson, Karolina : 1029

Carney, William J. : 58, 59, 123, 490,

492, 537

Caruso, Daniela : 953

Cary, William L. : 411, 412, 474,

599, 788, 839

Case, Robert A. : 137

Cassone, Alberto : 53

Cath, Inne G. F. : 1046

Cerioni, Luca : 1021, 1133, 1155

Chandler, William B., III : 866

Chaplin, H. W. : 762, 830

Charny, David : 843

Chausovsky, J. J. : 386

Chausovsky, Jonathan 392

Cheffins, Brian : 60, 303

Chertok, Seth : 923

Chirelstein, Marvin A. : 794

Choi, Dosoung : 752

Choi, Stephen J. : (21)

Choi, Stephen J. : 64, 275, 313, 314,

316, 317, 318, 322, 373, 860

Chorvat, Elizabeth : 231

Christensen, Jan Schans : 1004

Church, William E. : 400

Ciccotello, Conrad S. : 22

Cioffi, John W. : 337, 494, 503, 507, 510,

884

Clarke, Andrew : 1185

Coates, John C. : 495, 519

Coffee, John C., Jr. : 65, 248, 249, 272,

288, 320, 321, 323, 416, 417, 421, 460, 487,

520, 521, 585, 614, 658

Cohen, Alma : 649, 710, 758

Cohen, Manuel F. : 804

Coleman, Charles W. : 395

Colle, Philippe :1040

Colombo, John D. : 255, 268

Comment, Robert : 638

Conard, Alfred F : 485, 719, 944

Conci, Paolo : 1094

Cooter, Robert D. : 50, 51, 52, 55

Corbett, Angus : 1184

Corroon, Richard F. : 356

Coudert, Frederic R. : 764

Cox, James D. : 309, 312

Cox, Paul N. : 148

Crew, Michael A. : 483

Cumming, Douglas J. : 1190

Curtis, William J. : 831

Cyphers, Christopher J.: 377

D

Daines, Robert : 709, 725, 726, 727

Dammann, Jens C. : 167, 278, 701,

1060, 1149

Daniels, Ronald J. : 57, 1187, 1188

Daniëls, Ton : 991

Davis, Gerald F. : 633

Davis, Joseph S. : 339, 340

de Jonge, Alice : : 250

de Kluiver, Harm-Jan : 878, 1163

90

Deakin, Simon : 40, 711, 898, 899,

929, 930, 1030

DeMott, Deborah A. : 144, 608

Denton, Geoffrey : 880

DeShazo, J.R. : 56

Dezalay, Yves : 491, 990

Di Guglielmo, Christine T. : 390

Dickens, Christine Hodt: 1115

Dill, James B. : 824

Dine, Janet : 941, 952

Dodd, Edwin Merrick : 353

Dodd, Peter : 731

Donohue, Kevin F. : 269

Dooley, Michael P. : 330

Dorocak, John R. : 220

Dorresteijn, Adriaan F. M. : 909

Dougan, Michael : 956

Downs, Tom : 332

Drexler, David A. : 157, 446, 857

Driessen, Anthony : 694

Drury, Robert : 1118

Drury, Robert : 913, 947

Drury, Robert R. : 919, 1028, 1041,

1070

Du Plessis, J. J. : 952

Dürrschmidt, Daniel : 1027

Dyrberg, Peter : 1054

E

E., A. J. : 180

Easmunt, Bruce : 563

Easterbrook, Frank : 306, 447, 603, 888

Easterbrook, Frank H. : 17, 19

Ebers, Martin : 1150

Ebert, Sabine : 1091

Ebke, Werner F. : 1033, 1035, 1038,

1160

Eden, Lorraine : 226

Edwards, Vanessa : 1034, 1100

Egan, Byron F. : 336

Eger, Thomas : 1192

Eidenmüller, Horst : 168

Eisenberg, Melvin Aron: 329, 415, 419, 420

Ellickson, Robert C. : 715

Emiliou, Nicholas : 881

Enriques, Luca : 685, 689, 908,

922, 931, 982, 984, 1025, 1027, 1105

Epstein, Richard A. : 113

Esty, Daniel C. : 61, 62, 893

Evans, Alvin E. : 198

Evans, David : 1172

Evans, George Heberton, Jr.: 349

F

Faugérolas, Laurent : 967, 1003

Fead, Maxwell E. : 133

Feld, Lars P. : 1197

Ferrara, Ralph C. : 458, 842

Ferrell, Allen : 276, 641, 642,

643, 798, 845

Ferris, Stephen P. : 427

First, Harry M. : 410

Fisch, Jill E. : 675, 814

Fischel, Daniel R. : 436, 447, 603, 705

Fishman, James J. : 267

Fitchew, Geoffrey : 883

FitzGibbon, Scott : 199

Fleischer, Arthur, Jr. : 803

Fluck, Zsuzsanna : 737, 738

Foley, Henry E. : 171

Folk, Ernest L., III : 3, 413, 522

Fox, Merritt B. : 720, 742

Frankel, Tamar : 257

Franks, Julian R. : 998

Franzese, Robert J., Jr.: 963

Fraschini, Angela : 53

Freeman, Jody : 56

Friendly, Henry J. : 801

Frost, Carsten : 916

Fulco, Daniel A. : 667

G

Gammie, Malcolm : 1098

Garcia-Riestra, Manuel: 1059

Garfield, Alan E. : 627, 629

Garrett, H. G. : 1186

Garrett, Ray : 352

Garrido, José : 1085

Gatti, Matteo : 982, 1008

Gelb, Harvey : 682

Gelter, Martin : 695, 914, 920,

922, 931, 1025

Genetelli, Richard W. : 197

Geradin, Damien : 62

Gert-Jan Vossestein : 1065, 1177

Gesell, Harald : 1016

Gibson, George D. : 328

Gildea, Andrea J. : 1159

Gilson, Ronald J. : 587, 684, 646

91

Gitelman , Steven : 609

Glazer, Donald W. : 199

Glynn, Timothy P. : 583

Goergen, Marc : 595

Gold, Michael : 1111

Goldfus, Marc B. : 842

Goldman, Berthold : 1039

Goldman, Michael D. : 330

Goldsmith, Jack L., III : 149

Gordon, Jeffrey N. : 661, 592

Gordon, Roger H. : 227

Goshen, Zohar : 2

Gourevitch, Peter A. : 499

Grandy, Christopher : 368, 369, 371

Gravir, Gaute Simen : 1035

Gray, J. : 1079

Grechenig, Kristoffel : 1080

Green, Mark : 429, 790

Greenfield, Kent : 152, 533

Greenwood, Daniel J.H.: 532

Grennwood, Daniel : 467

Griffith, Sean J. : 298, 696

Grippo, Theodore W. : 611

Grosscup, Peter S. : 512

Grossman, Gene M. : 496

Grossman, Richard L. : 430

Grubb, George G. : 206

Grundfest, Joseph A. : 287

Grundman, Stefan : 290, 650

Gütt, Tilmann : 1062

Guzman, Andrew T. : 64, 96, 275, 313,

314, 531, 860, 1198

Gyoshev, Stanley : 22

H

H. L. H. : 172

Hackl, Jo Watson : 751

Haines, Jason : 315

Halbhuber, Harald : 896

Halén, Ann-Christine : 1021

Halloran, Michael J. : 189

Hamdani, Assaf : 277, 391, 706

Hamermesh, Lawrence A.: 545

Hamilton, Robert W. : 289

Hamlin, Chauncey J. : 765

Hammer, Douglas L. : 189

Hampton, C. : 962

Han, Eric Tak : 232

Hannes, Sharon : 653

Hanrahan, Michael : 665

Hansen, Jesper Lau : 1146

Hansen, Lone L. : 1018

Hansen, Søren Friis : 683

Hansmann, Henry B. : 1, 254, 259, 261,

588, 589, 589, 701

Harbrecht, Paul P. : 355

Harding, Robert J. : 194

Hare, Jonathan : 1174

Harrington, G. : 343

Harris, Benjamin, Jr. : 408

Hart, Henry M. : 101

Hartmann, Michael : 489

Hartnett, Maurice A., III: 662

Harvey, Richard S. : 771

Hay, Peter : 655

Hayakawa, Yoshihisa : 170

Hayek, Friedrich A. : 27

Hazen, Thomas L. : 564

Heine, Klaus : 42, 67, 900

Heinrich, Gregor C. : 950

Hellwig , Martin F. : 426

Helpman, Elhanan : 496

Heminway, Joan MacLeod: 818

Henderson, Gerard C. : 141

Henning, Joel F. : 838, 858

Henning, Peter J. : 285

Herman, Edward S. : 16

Heron, Randall A. : 735

Hertig, Gérard A. : 310, 593, 877,

894, 906, 910, 911, 981

Heyman, Kurt M. : 672

Hicks, Andrew : 1118

Hicks, J. William : 311

Hill, Jennifer G. : 279, 1182

Hinds, Anna-Louise : 1012

Hirsch, Paul M. : 605

Hirschman, Albert O. : 30, 32, 34

Hirt, Hans C. : 1165

Hisatake, Masato : 554

Hobbet, Richard D. : 216

Hodges, Robert : 1172

Hoefler, James M. : 112

Högfeldt, Peter : 989

Holbrook, Reid F. : 270

Holland, Randy J. : 688

Holst, Catherine : 1026, 1145

Holzinger, Katharina : 78

Hopt, Klaus J. : 875, 940, 943,

964, 996

Horn, Laura : 986

Hornstein, George D. : 348, 513, 514, 800

92

Hudson, Sidney D. Moore : 767, 768

Huff, Curtis W. : 336

Huff, Michael P. : 260

Huffcut, Ernest W. : 759, 821

Huiskes, Christian R. : 1077, 1108, 1109

Hulle, Karel Van : 968

Hurst, James Willard : 14, 358

Hyman, Allen : 730

Hyman, David A. : 265

I

Iacobucci, Edward M. : 166, 736

Iovenko, Michael : 200

Isaacs, Elcanon : 134

Israel, S. : 1076

J

Jackson, Howell E. : 95

Jacobs, Jack B. : 647

Jahera, John S., Jr. : 632, 755

Jan Wouters : 890, 897

Jarrell, Gregg A. : 125, 744, 745, 746

Jenkins, Garry W. : 262

Jennings, Edward G. : 854

Jennings, Richard W. : 534

Jensen, Anne Funch : 995

Jensen, Michael C. : 604, 616

Jing, Yijia : 1193

Jitta, Marius Josephus : 692

Johnson, Lyman : 659

Johnson, Richard A. : 246

Johnston, Andrew : 1067

Jonathan, Macey R. : 127, 481, 482,

500, 502, 504, 505, 527, 530, 623, 640, 660,

862, 989

Jones, Renee : 571, 581

Jordan, Cally : 252

José Luis Cárdenas : 1026

K

K., D. B. : 173

Kaal, Wulf A. : 1167

Kades, Eric : 471

Kahan, Marcel : 549, 560, 561,

573, 697, 704, 707

Kahan, Marcel : 9

Kalss, Suanne : 971, 1080

Kama, Sreenivas : 741, 747, 752

Kamar, Ehud : 80, 82, 295, 296,

704, 707

Kane, Mitchell : 69, 70

Kaouris, Demetrios G. : 708

Kaplan, Stanley A. : 837, 840

Karmel, Roberta S. : 809, 813, 817, 844

Katz, Wilber G. : 354

Keasbey, Edward Quinton: 132

Keesling, Frank M. : 196

Kellough, William C. : 264

Kelly, John : 234, 239

Kerber, Wolfgang : 42, 67, 900

Kershaw, David : 717

Kersting, Christian : 1051, 1162

Kiekebeld, Ben : 1173

Kieninger, Eva-Maria : 68

Kim, Eloine : 245

Kim, Joongi : 5

Kim, Kon-sik : 5

King, David N. : 110

Kirchner, Christian : 1167

Kirsch, Michael S. : 242, 651

Kisfaludi, András : 43

Kisfaludi, András : 975

Kitch, Edmund : 362, 463

Klausner, Michael : 12

Klausner, Michael : 161, 549, 559,

560, 561, 726

Klevorick, Alvin K. : 448, 465

Kline, Phill : 270

Klinke, Ulrich : 1024

Knauss, Robert L. : 459

Knill, Christoph : 912

Knudsen, Jette Steen : 1009

Kobayashi, Bruce H. : 160

Kocaoğlu, Kağan : 204, 280

Koniak, Susan P. : 484

Kostel, Mary E. : 528

Kozyris, P. John : 143

Kraakman, Reiner : 259, 261, 588,

589, 644

Kraakman, Reinier : 1, 18

Krasner, Matthew B. : 222

Krave, John P. : 266

Kristoffel Grechenig : 971

Kroeze, Maarten J. : 700

Krueger, Anne O. : 475

Kruse, Mark E. : 192

Kudrle, Robert T. : 226

Kübler, Friedrich : 921

Kuehrer, Norbert : 1049

93

Kuhn, Richard D. : 208

Kun, Orsolya : 236

Kuran, Timur : 384

Kuykendall, Mae : 523

L

Laity, Eric T. : 225

Lamoreaux, Naomi R. : 382

Lane, Norman Herbert : 210

Langevoort, Donald C. : 124, 600, 610, 819

Latty, Elvin R. : 186, 409

Lauterfeld, Marc : 1020, 1142

Lawless, Robert M. : 427, 729

Lee, Ruben : 886

Leeper, W. D. : 182

Leftwich, Richard : 731

Leleux, Paul : 874

Lempereur, Cl. : 951

Lenoir, Noëlle : 1113, 1116

Levander, Andrew J. : 217

Levy, Beryl Harold : 515

Lewellen, Wilbur G. : 735

Leyens, Patrick C. : 993

Libecap, Gary D. : 372

Licht, Amir N. : 85, 714

Liebowitz, Stan J. : 558

Liman, Arthur : 601

Lipton, Martin : 7

Lodge, Martin : 902

Loewenstein, Mark J. : 703

Löfstedt, Ragnar E. : 286

Logan, Walter S. : 785

Lombardo, Bruce D. : 215

Lombardo, Davide : 25

Lombardo, Stefano : 901, 1102, 1106,

1157

Looijestijn-Clearie, Anne: 1039, 1166

Lopucki, Lynn M. : 424, 431, 432

Lotstein, James I. : 335

Lowenfels, Lewis D. : 806

Lowry, John : 337

Luca, Enriques : 13

Luce, Kenneth K. : 178, 351

Lustig, Eric A. : 565

M

MacIntosh, Jeffrey :1187, 1191

MacIntosh, Jeffrey G. : 1190

Mackie-Mason, Jeffrey K.: 227

MacLean, Charles C., Jr.: 205

Maduro, Miguel Poiares : 673

Malatesta, Paul H. : 749

Mandelkern, I. Paul : 219

Mann, James : 240

Manne, Henry G. : 598

Manning, Bayless : 618, 859

Margolis, Stephen E. : 558

Margotta, Donald G. : 753 ,

Marie-Agnes Arlt : 971

Mark, Gregory M. : 258, 374, 380

Martin, D. : 1028

Martynova, Marina : 595

Mashaw, Jerry L. : 111

Matsui, Tomoyo : 169

Maupin, Chapman W. : 184

Mayer, Colin : 737, 738, 739,

976, 998

Mayer, Thomas C. : 209

McAdams, Richard H. : 713

McCahery, Joseph A. : 37, 76, 273, 470,

517, 539, 543, 551, 554, 580, 895, 906, 911,

918, 981, 1000, 1073

McCallin, Joseph A. : 355

McChesney, Fred S. : 480

McDonnell, Brett H. : 562

McGurn, Patrick S. : 626

McQueen, Rob : 389, 1180

McWilliams, Thomas P.: 753

McWilliams, Victoria B.: 753

Meier-Schatz, Christian: 876

Melnik, Steven V. : 241

Mendoza, Gary S. : 266

Menjucq, Michel : 1011, 1097

Merkt, Hanno : 977, 1104

Merrick, Dodd, E., Jr : 346, 406

Metzenbaum, Howard M.: 793

Meussen, Gerard : 1108

Meyers, Marc : 1014

Micheler, Eva : 1038, 1043, 1153

Milhaupt, Curtis J. : 304, 550, 596

Miller, Darius : 247

Miller, Geoffrey P. : 12, 481

Mingers, Susanne : 912

Miwa, Yoshiro : 1196

Moberg, Krister : 1078

Mock, Sebastian : 935, 960

Mofsky, James S. : 357

Moore, Andrew G. T., II: 621

Moore, Patrick K. : 266

Morawetz, Victor : 769

Morgan, Chris : 1103

94

Mosby, Speed : 428

Moscow, Cyril : 333

Mosher, James M. : 963

Movsesyan, Vahagn : 932

Moyer, Patrick : 811

Mucciarelli, Federico Maria : 1022

Muchlinski, P. : 1152

Mueller, Dennis C. : 928

Mulder, Wendela : 1110

Mulholland, Catherine S.: 464

Murdock, Charles W. : 414

Murfree, William Law : 86

Murfree, Wm. L., Jr. : 181

Murphy, Dale D. : 44, 45, 99, 237

Musgrave, Richard : 102

N

Nader, Ralph : 429, 790

Nash, James J. : 238

Neeman, Zvika : 508

Netter, Jeffry M. : 625, 746, 748, 754

Neville, Mette : 164, 907

Nicholson, Frederic A .: 211

Nilsen, Andre : 1007

Noam, Eli M. : 107, 108

Noll, Douglas E. : 190

Noll, Robert G. : 526

Noronha, Gregory : 427, 729

Nunnallee , Walter H. : 221

O

Oates, Wallace E. : 35, 104

O'Donnell, Pierce : 773

Oesterle, Dale A. : 622

Ogus, Anthony I. : 24

Oh, Peter B. : 90

O'Hara, Erin A. : 163, 529

Oldham, J. Thomas : 191

Olson, Mancur, Jr. : 47

Omar, Paul J. : 1032

Oplustil, Krzysztof : 1099

Ottenbreit, Kenneth G. : 1189

Ö

Özkök-Çubukçu, Dilek : 1072

Özkorkut, Korkut : 1072

P

Pagano, Marco : 25

Painter, Richard W. : 1167

Palmer, Henry W. : 825

Pamepinto, Sharon : 619

Pan, Eric J. : 95

Pannier, Matthias : 1062

Parchomovsky, Gideon: 2

Paredes, Troy A. : 302

Parleani, Gilbert : 1058, 1172

Parsons, John E. : 852

Pasa, Barbara : 979

Pasotti, Piero : 1102, 1106

Paul P. Harbrecht : 712

Pelkmans, Jacques : 887

Peltzman, Sam : 283

Perino, Michael A. : 774

Perotti, Enrico : 26, 509

Peterson, Pamela : 734

Picciotto, Sol : 73, 92, 315, 517

Pinto, Arthur R . : 158, 613

Pistor, Katharina : 300, 552, 900,

978, 1199

Pivnick, Robert : 334

Plambeck, Charles Thelen: 201

Polanyi, Karl Polanyi : 281

Posner, Richard A. : 106,

Poulsen, Annette B. : 625, 745

Pound, John : 524

Pound, Roscoe : 654

Powell, Michael J. : 548

Prentice, Dan : 903

Prentice, Ezra Parmalee : 763, 766, 853

Procaccia, Uriel : 969

Prussing, Eugene E. : 823

Pugh, William : 632, 755

Q

Qian, Yingyi : 117

Quillen, William T. : 665, 666

Quinn, Linda C. : 787

Quintana, Jason M. : 423

R

Raaijmakers, M.J.G.C. : 949

Raaijmakers, Theo : 648, 1096

Radwan, Arkadiusz : 1119

Rajak, Harry : 1048

Ramage, B. J. : 394

95

Ramirez, Steven A. : 799

Rammeloo, Stephan : 89, 1037, 1045

Ramsay, Ian M. : 122

Ramseyer, J. Mark : 1196

Randolph, Carman F. : 761

Ratner, David L. : 119

Rehnquist, William H.: 664

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Renneboog, Luc : 595, 998, 1001

Reuschlein, Harold G. : 835, 836

Revesz, Richard : 118

Ribstein, Larry E. : 159, 160, 163,

251, 525, 861, 870

Richard W. Jennings : 841

Richberg, John C. : 783

Rickford, Jonathan : 1083

Riemer, Pieter : 1016

Riley, Thomas C. : 215

Ringe, Wolf-Georg : 1061

Robbins, James J. : 772

Robert W. Hamilton : 375

Roberts, David Mace : 334

Robinson, Thomas A. : 218

Roch, Soler : 1093

Rock, Edward : 69, 70, 573

Rock, Edward B. : 668

Rodden, Jonathan : 116

Rodriguez, Daniel B. : 114

Roe, Mark J. : 297, 397, 497,

569, 574, 576, 577, 635

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Romano, Roberta : 396, 441, 442,

444, 445, 449, 450, 451, 453, 457, 469, 553,

584, 620, 634, 636, 637, 721, 722, 732, 867,

868

Rønfeldt, Thomas : 1176

Rose, Caspar : 724

Rose, Paul : 1144

Rose-Ackerman, Susan : 105, 109, 111, 116,

547

Rosen, Sherwin : 516

Rosenthal, Donald B. : 112

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Roussos, Alexandros : 1050

Rowley, Charles K. : 483

Ruback, Richard S. : 604

Rubenfeld, Jed : 612

Rubin, Paul H. : 488

Rubin, Seymour J. : 855

Ruder, David S. : 802

Rudolph, E. George : 177

Rundans, Patrick : 305

Rutledge, Wiley B., Jr. : 407

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Ryngaert, Cedric : 1015

Ryngaert, Michael : 748, 754, 797

S

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Salacuse, Jeswald W. : 716

Sale, Hillary A. : 812

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Saltoun, Diane L. : 418

Samuelsson, Per : 989

Sanborn, John B. : 760

Sanders, Pieter : 1074, 1084

Sanjai Bhagat : 722

Sara D. Kalin : 431

Sasso, Lorenzo : 1117

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Schaffer, David S., Jr : 367

Schall, Alexander : 1168

Schanzenbach, Max : 308

Schindler, Clemens P. : 1162, 1175, 1178

Schmidt, Hartmut : 879

Schmitthoff, Clive : 938

Schön, Wolfgang : 79, 1066

Schüller, Margot : 1192

Schumann, Laurance : 617, 750

Schwab, Robert M. : 35

Schwartz, Donald E. : 789, 846, 847

Schwartz, James R. : 266

Schwert, G. William : 638

Schwimbersky, Sandra: 1111

Seer, Roman : 698

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Seligman, E. Joel : 791

Seligman, Joel : 360, 429, 566, 796, 808,

810, 815, 816, 849

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Sharon Pamepinto : 626, 733

Shaviro, Daniel : 75

Sheppard, Hale E. : 229

Shields, John H. : 331

Shughart, William F., II : 284, 365, 479

Siebert, Horst : 23

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1005, 1148

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Sitkoff, Robert H. : 308, 456

96

Skeel, David A., Jr. : 652, 671, 680, 688

Skog, Rolf : 997

Smedresman, Peter S. : 200

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Sommer, Alphonse A. Jr.: 807

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Sørensen, Karsten Engsig : 164

Sowards, Hugh L. : 357

Spector, Adam B. : 626

Spindler, Gerald : 291

Springael, Brent : 1081

Squire, Richard : 259, 261

Stapleton, Walter K. : 325

Steele, Myron T. : 298

Steffens, Lincoln : 401

Stein, Eric : 477, 657, 936,

937, 1034

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Stevens, Matt : 154

Stevens, Robert S. : 784

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Stigler, George : 282

Stigler, George J. : 48, 49

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Stoke, Harold W. : 341

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Strine, Leo E., Jr. : 455, 647, 686,

866, 869

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Sturmfels, Kai F. : 1171

Styrsky, Vit : 77

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Surkin, Elliot M. : 214

Sykes, Alan O. : 38

Szewczyk, Samuel H.: 756

T

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Teresa, María : 1093

Testani, Rosa Anna : 751

Teubner, Günther : 958

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Thömmes, Otmar : 1092

Thompson, Robert B. : 570, 575, 582,

607, 645, 776, 812

Thomsen, Steen : 511, 591

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Timmerman, Vino : 699

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Tommasino, Pietro : 506

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Tröger, Tobias H. : 253, 1031

Tsetsekos, George P. : 756

Tuchinsky, Dmitry : 1170

Tullock, Gordon : 473

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Tuytschaever, Filip : 955

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V

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663, 669, 674, 677, 679, 687, 690, 691,

864, 865,

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1019, 1195

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918, 1073

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Volpin, Paolo : 509

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Vossestein, Gert-Jan : 1064

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Wagner, Helmut : 299

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Walker, John E. : 1189

97

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Werlauff, Erik : 945, 948, 1036,

1042, 1089, 1095, 1101

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828, 829

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438, 439, 440, 443, 461, 486

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Woolcock, Stephen : 889

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Wymeersch, Eddy : 97, 590, 992,

1023, 1052, 1055, 1056, 1069, 1140

X

Xanthaki, Helen : 1036

Y

Yablon, Charles M. : 393

Yadlin, Omri : 498

Young, Gordon G. : 850

Z

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Zenner, Marc : 639

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Zigman, David B. : 197

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