sspen chapter 12 fb.pdf

8/14/2019 Sspen Chapter 12 Fb.pdf

1/16

\Y\SH JIL \YJG INSIL U BKFHSKWY

HLNTIBBK@H FHSPNWM

\y|shjil \yjginsil Ubkfhskwy Hlntibbk`h Fhspnwm

U N Gnq ;403

Jiccbhsnpf" LK

9834;*;403

X\K

|ibthwo4Ejla|i&lnj

\ibthw O& A& Onfh|

\y|shjil \yjginsil Ubkfhskwy Hlnti+k`h Fhspnwm ;
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/16

SKGBH ND L NFSHF S\

Pahwh cic `wic lnjuxsif` gh`if> 3Pan fhhc| lnjuxsksinfkb `wic|> 4

Lxwwhfs kfc hquhlshc ukwsiliukfs| if sah pnwbc `wic 0

Uwnohlshc fhkw*shwj chbithwkgbh lnjuxsksinf 1

Kuubilksinf| pahwh sah `wic pi+gh ijunwskfs 9

K fhp ukwkci`j if lnjuxsksinfkb lkuklisy ;5

Sah `bngkb lnjuxsksinfkb `wic ukwkci`j ;7

Hqubnwif` ifshwfhs hlnbn`y kfc snunbn`y ;Ukwkbbhb |lihfsidil kctkflh| if ginbn`y" hlnbn`y" hjhw`hflh" kfc |hbd*nw`kfizksinf kwh wh|xbsif` if sah lnb*bhlsinf nd hqshf|ith htichflh nd jk||ithby ukwkbbhb kfc ci|swigxshc lnjuxsif` if ginbn`y& Dxwsahwjnwh phkwh bhkfif` saks ginbn`y kfc axjkf shlafnbn`y akth k bns if lnjjnf& Sah dnbbnpif` lnjjhfs| gy \nbh"Lkflan" Jnfsnyk" kfc Tkbthwch ith x| |njh uhw|uhlsith nf sah|h fhp chthbnujhfs| ]


5/16

|jkbb pnwbc uwnuhwsy

Jkfy ginbnìlkb" hlnbnìlkb" |nlikb" kfc kwsidilikb fhspnwm| kwh whthkbif` lnjjnf |swxlsxwkb kfc dxfl*

sinfkb {xkbisih| ndshf whdhwwhc sn k| |jkbb pnwbc uwnuhwsih|& Sah ch`whh nd sai| uwnuhwsy i| jhk|xwhc gy

k lnjgifksinf nd sah uksa bhf`sa !sah kthwk`h jifijxj ci|skflh ghsphhf kfy spn fnch|) kfc sah lbx|*

shwif` lnhddilihfs !sah uwngkgibisy saks spn fhiàgnw| nd k ìthf fnch kwh kb|n fhiàgnw| nd kfnsahwfnch)& \jkbb pnwbc fhspnwm| shfc sn kwi|h if nsahwpi|h aiàby ci|swigxshc fhspnwm|" pahf |njh |nws nd

ciwhlsnwy nw uwnlh||h| ghlnjh| k jkif lnffhlsnw nd jkfy nsahw bnlksinf| nw uwnlh||h|& PPP ciwhl*

snwih| kfc |hkwla hfìfh|" bimh Ykann kfc @nn`bh" lkx|h kf nsahwpi|h aiàby ci|swigxshc Phg fhspnwm sn

skmh nf |jkbb pnwbc uwnuhwsih|" ghlkx|h uhnubh fhhc |njh pky sn bnlksh kfc difc kbb nd sah phg uk`h|

ktkibkgbh pisaif sah fhspnwm& If ginlahjilkb whklsinf|" lhwskif jnbhlxbkw |swxlsxwh| kls k| lhfswkbizhc

bnlksinf|" kwnxfc paila fxjhwnx| nsahw lahjilkb whklsinf| kwh kgbh sn dxflsinf kfc lnnwcifksh sahiw

klsitisih|& \jkbb pnwbc fhspnwm| k||i|s ifdnwjksinf uwnuk`ksinf thwy hddilihfsby& Sah|h hqkjubh| if*

lwhk|h sah ch`whh nd lbx|shwif` if k fhspnwm&

ch`whh nd ci|swigxsinf

Sah ch`whh nd ci|swigxsinf if fhspnwm| lkf x|xkbby gh gwnmhf cnpf ifsn sawhh lksh`nwih|& Bifm ci|swigx*

sinf| paila kwh |jkbb" |if`bh |lkbhc" hqunfhfsikb" nw @kx||ikf * kwh aiàby ahshwn`hfhnx|& Hbhlswilkb

unphw wic| kfc fhxwkb fhspnwm| kwh hqkjubh| nd sai| syuh nd ci|swigxsinf& K |hlnfc syuh nd ci|swigxsinf

i| k unphw bkp ci|swigxsinf& Lbx|shwif` iflwhk|h| if sai| syuh nd ci|swigxsinf" kfc uwnshif ifshwklsinf|"

jhskgnbil uksapky|" kfc hlnbnìlkb fhspnwm| kwh `nnc hqkjubh| nd sai| syuh nd ci|swigxsinf& K saiwc

syuh nd ci|swigxsinf i| |lkbh*dwhh fhspnwm|& Sai| syuh nd ci|swigxsinf hqaigis| kf hthf `whkshw ch`whh nd

lbx|shwif`& Ifshwfhs snunbn`y" |lihfsidil lnbbkgnwksinf|" kfc bhqilkb fhspnwm| kwh hqkjubh| nd sai| syuh nd

ci|swigxsinf&

whcxfckfly kfc ch`hfhwkly

Whcxfckfly kfc ch`hfhwkly kwh jhsanc| x|hc gy |y|shj| sn uwntich gklmxu dnw |if`bh xfis fnch dkib*

xwh|& Sahy uwntich wngx|sfh|| gy cijifi|aif` dwkìbisy if fhspnwm|& Whcxfckfly whubklh| ifciticxkb

xfis| pisa ichfsilkb gklm xu xfis|& Ch`hfhwkly" nf sah nsahw akfc" uwntich| ciddhwhfs xfis| saks lkf uhw*

dnwj |ijibkw dxflsinf|& Ginbn`y ak| dktnwhc ch`hfhwkly k| sah jkif jhlakfi|j nd uwnticif` wngx|s*

fh||&

jncxbkwisy

Thwy lnjubhq |y|shj| paila |hbd*nw`kfizh nthw hqshfchc uhwinc| nd sijh" |anp k aià ch`whh nd jncx*

bkwisy& \xgxfis| nd uwnlh||h| shfc sn lbx|shw ifsn dxflsinfkb `wnxu|& Jncxbkwisy jky whcxlh sah lnjubhq*

isy nd ifsh`wksinf if sah hkwby |sk`h| nd chthbnujhfs" kfc is kb|n jky whcxlh sah kjnxfs nd ifshwdhwhflh

ghsphhf |ijibkw dxflsinf if sah hkwby |sk`h| nd ifsh`wksinf&

Jilwn|nlihsih| nw hlntibbk`h| kfc sahiw whbkshc fhspnwm|" |ukffif` sah hln|uahwh" pnxbc |hhj sn gh kjnchb nd |nlihsih|" hlnfnjil|" kfc nthwfkflh thwy jxla if sxfh pisa ginbn`y| uwhtinx| |xllh|| |snwy&Jilwn|nlihsih| lnffhlshc tik |lkbhc kfc bkyhwhc `bngkb fhspnwm| pnxbc |hhj sn lkusxwh kbb nd sah h||hf*sikb if`whcihfs| fhlh||kwy sn cxubilksh ginbn`y| |xllh||h| * |swnf` |jkbb pnwbc uwnuhwsih|" kbshwfksithch`whh| nd ci|swigxsinf" k aià ch`whh nd ch`hfhwkly" kfc thwy |xg|skfsikb jncxbkwisy& Ph anuh saks sai|ifdnwjksinf" gwihd k| is i|" h|skgbi|ah| * saks jkfy nd sah uwifliubh| ph kwh k|mif` uhnubh sn lnf|ichw xsibiz*if` if hlntibbk`h| kwh fns whkbby fhp" xfsh|shc" kfc whtnbxsinfkwy& Dwnj sah unifs nd tihp nd ginbn`y sah|hkwh thwy nbc" phbb h|skgbi|ahc" kfc hqakx|sithby sh|shc uwklsilh| paila akth uwntichc sah aiàby anjhn*

\y|shjil \yjginsil Ubkfhskwy Hlnti+k`h Fhspnwm 8


6/16

|sksil hln|uahwh ph ifakgis * saks ak| dbnxwi|ahc kfc |xwtithc dnw jnwh sakf 8 gibbinf yhkw|& Swigkb |nlih*sih| hqaigishc jkfy nd sah|h uwnuhwsih| ks kf hkwbihw |sk`h if axjkf htnbxsinf& Is pk| sah lnjif` nd sahIfcx|swikb Whtnbxsinf saks jnthc axjkfisy ifsn k bh|| ahshwn`hfhnx| nfh jnchb dis| kbb |lhfkwin& Paks i|fhp kgnxs sah jilwn|nlihsy kfc hlntibbk`h lnflhus uxs dnwsa ahwh" i| sah ifshfsinfkb kuubilksinf nd sah|huwifliubh| sn |nlikb" hlnfnjil" kfc `nthwfkflh uwklsilh| if k aià shlafnbnìlkb litibizksinf&

Ph anuh saks ph akth h|skgbi|ahc sah lk|h saks sah dxflsinfkb uwifliubh| nd k |y|shjil kfc |yjginsil

ubkfhskwy hlntibbk`h fhspnwm kwh kbwhkcy phbb h|skgbi|ahc if sah ai|snwy nd nxw ubkfhs| htnbxsinf" kfc saksph lkf jnth dnwpkwc sn anp sah|h uwifliubh| lkf gh kckushc kfc xsibizhc if sah fhp ifdnwjksinf k`h hwkph kwh hfshwif`&

Pan fhhc| lnjuxsksinfkb `wic|>Sah kthwk`h lisizhf nf nxw ubkfhs jky fns xfchw|skfc pay ph pnxbc fhhc k ubkfhskwy lnjuxsksinfkb `wic"kfc yhs sai| fhp un||igibisy jky hfc xu swkf|dnwjif` nxw bith| sn kf hthf `whkshw hqshfs sakf wkibwnkc|"kxsnjngibh|" kiw swkthb" wkcin" kfc shbhti|inf cic& Ph kwh ox|s ghìffif` sn `hs k |hf|h nd paks k pnwbc ifpaila lnjuxsksinf" |hf|nw|" whkb*sijh nf chjkfc cksk |snwk`h kfc whswihtkb pibb gh bimh pahf is i| kbbbifmhc xu sn`hsahw k| k dxflsinfkb panbh nf k `bngkb |lkbh& Sah un||igibisy nd |issif` if ynxw bitif` wnnj ifcnpf snpf \kf Dwkfli|ln" Anf` Mnf`" Bnfcnf" Jkcwic" nw nf snu nd k wic`h if sah Aijkbkykf nw Kfchkf

jnxfskif|" kfc pnwmif` nf k pnwbc lbk|| shbh|lnuh dklibisy dwnj nfh nd sah|h whjnsh bnlksinf" i| k whkbun||igibisy if sah fhkw dxsxwh& Sah kgibisy sn uwn`wkj" nuhwksh" kfc cnpfbnkc k lnjuxshw |ijxbksinf nd sahcyfkjilkb ghaktinw nd sah xfithw|h cxwif` sah diw|s gibbinf yhkw| nd is| htnbxsinf nfsn ynxw anjh lnj*uxshw" dwnj kfy un|isinf nf sah ubkfhs" if fhkw whkb*sijh" lkf gh k whkbisy if sah fns sn ci|skfs dxsxwh& Ijk`*ifh id ynx kwh kf hlnbnì|s" ghif` kgbh sn kllh|| k |if`bh ciwhlsnwy nd ifdnwjksinf" if fhkw whkb*sijh" kgnxssah ai|snwilkb nw lxwwhfs |hf|nw whkcif` nd sah lnfcisinf| nd nxw ubkfhs| hlnbn`y" ks kfy un|isinf nf sahhkwsa& Kf kwsi|s" lnxbc uwncxlh k fhp tichn" xsibizif` dklibisih| dwnj kbb kwnxfc sah pnwbc" dnw |uhlikb hd*dhls| kfc hcisif`" kfc sahf ubklif` sah lnjubhshc difkb pnwm nf sah ubkfhskwy lnjuxsksinfkb `wic" ktkib*kgbh dnw tihpif` ks kfy un|isinf nf sah hkwsa" pisaif k jksshw nd jifxsh|& Sah|h kfc jkfy nsahw mifc| ndun||igibisih| kwh unshfsikbby ktkibkgbh sn x| if sah 7;|s lhfsxwy& \jkww ]4Z ak| bi|shc |njh gwnkc lksh`nwih|nd `wnxu| saks |skfc sn ghfhdis dwnj k ubkfhskwy lnjuxsksinfkb `wic?Lnjuxsksinfkb |lihfsi|s| kfc hfìfhhw| kwh uhwaku| sah jn|s ngtinx| lksh`nwy& K| ph jnth ifsn sah k`h

nd lnjubhqisy" jnwh kfc jnwh nd saks paila ph |hhm sn xfchw|skfc ks k chhuhw bhthb" i| `nif` sn wh{xiwhfnfbifhkw ishwksith jksahjksilkb lnjuxsksinf& Jkfy nd sah|h lkblxbksinf| hqlhhc sah lkuklisy nd sah bkw`*h|s |xuhwlnjuxshw dklibisih|& Sah kgibisy sn dxwsahw kllhbhwksh sah |uhhc nd sah|h lnjuxsksinf|" gy ci|swigxs*if` sah lnjuxsksinfkb pnwmbnkc nthw fxjhwnx| |xuhwlnjuxshw dklibisih|" pnxbc gh k `whks ijuwnthjhfs&

Hquhwijhfskb kfc kuubihc |lihfsi|s| pibb kb|n difc sah `wic sn gh kf hqswhjhby tkbxkgbh snnb& Id sahwh kwh ;5hquhwijhfskb |lihfsi|s| dnw hthwy sahnwhsilikf" sahf ph lhwskifby pkfs sai| thwy tkbxkgbh unwsinf nd nxw|lihfsidil lnjjxfisy sn akth kllh|| sn sah `wic& Sah kgibisy sn bifm xu kbb wh|hkwla h{xiujhfs" |hf|nw|" kfcckskgk|h nxsuxs| sn aià |uhhc lnjuxshw| lnfswnb lhfshw|" pibb gh k swhjhfcnx| gnnf dnw sai| `wnxu& Ku*ubihc |lihfsi|s| pibb gh kgbh sn lnbbkgnwksh" kfc |akwh sijh nf h{xiujhfs ks wh|hkwla dklibisih| kwnxfc sahpnwbc& Jn|s wh|hkwla bkgnwksnwih| kwh nfby nuhwksif` 1 anxw| nxs nd hthwy 73 anxw uhwinc" cxh sn sah |bhhuuksshwf| nd axjkf ghif`|& Pisa hqshf|ith whjnsh lnfswnb" wh|hkwlahw| dwnj spn nsahw sijh znfh| if sah

pnwbc lnxbc gh nuhwksif` sah |kjh dklibisy dnw spn kccisinf 1 anxw |aids|" kbbnpif` k jxla `whkshw whsxwfnf ifth|sjhfs ks sah|h dklibisih|" paila lkf fnp nuhwksh nf k 73.0.


7/16

Lnwunwksinf| pibb lhwskifby ghfhdis dwnj sah `wic& Lkshwuibbkw kfc FK\K akth ghhf pnwmif` sn jnth sahlnflhus nd ifswkfhs| sn k jxla jnwh |nuai|silkshc bhthb" iftnbtif` lnbbkgnwksith whkb sijh ifshwklsith tiw*sxkb uwnsnsyuif` kfc |ijxbksinf& Lkshwuibbkw ak| kbwhkcy uwnsnsyuhc jxbsiubh shbh*ijjhw|inf |ish| ks sahifshwfksinfkb bhthb& Kbb|sksh i| bnnmif` ks fhp syuh| nd lnjuxsksinfkb uksshwf whln`fisinf" paila lkf uhw*dnwj k| lbn|h sn whkb*sijh k| un||igbh" k| k pky sn ifsh`wksh sahiw ;"8555 lbkij nddilh| ifsn k |if`bh cksk*gk|h&

Hftiwnfjhfskb wh|hkwlahw| kfc k||nliksinf| akth k whkb fhhc sn gh kgbh sn dxflsinfkbby ifsh`wksh sai| jxb*sici|liubifkwy pnwm ifsn kf ifshwklsith mfnpbhc`h gk|h" paila pibb kbbnp sah |sxcy sah fnfbifhkw" aiàby*lnxubhc" kfc jxbsi*sijh*|uklh |lkbh ifshwklsinf| nd lakf`h| if sah hftiwnfjhfs if fhkw*whkb*sijh&Hcxlksinfkb if|sisxsinf| lnxbc ghfhdis hfnwjnx|by dnwj sah un||igibisih| nd ci|skflh bhkwfif` kbb kwnxfcsah pnwbc& Id ph kwh sn akth kfy anuh nd uwnticif` aià {xkbisy hcxlksinf sn hkwsa| `wnpif` unuxbksinf" ispibb akth sn gh kllnjubi|ahc gy kjubidyif` sah hcxlksinfkb uwncxlsitisy kfc lkuklisy nd hqi|sif` if|sisx*sinf|" kfc sai| lkf hk|iby gh kllnjubi|ahc gy kccif` tiwsxkb lbk||wnnj lkukgibisy sn kbb nd nxw hqi|sif`dklibisih|& Bhlsxwh| ks \skfdnwc" Ghwmhbhy" JIS" Nqdnwc" kfc Lkjgwic`h xfithw|isy" nfby sn jhfsinf k dhp"lnxbc gh whklaif` kccisinfkb jibbinf| nd uhnubh gy |ijuby if|skbbif` tiwsxkb gwnkclk|sif` kfc kwlaitif` kskbb jkonw xfithw|isih|&

Fksinfkb kfc |sksh nthwfjhfs| lkf ghsshw lnnwcifksh" ci|swigxsh" kfc kwlaith ifdnwjksinf" |akwh sahiw ck*skgk|h|" kfc ifshwkls pisa sahiw lisizhf|" id sahy akth `wic lkukgibisih|& Sah whlhfs kcnusinf nd nfbifh kxsn*jngibh whì|swksinf kfc whfhpkb gy sah Chukwsjhfs nd Jnsnw Thailbh|" kfc sah Ifshwfkb Whthfxh \hwtilhkcnusinf nd nfbifh iflnjh skq dibif`" kwh hqkjubh| nd sah iflwhk|hc lnfthfihflh paila `nthwfjhfs| lkfuwntich sn lisizhf| kfc gx|ifh||h|& Nfbifh tnsif`" pisa uwnuhw lisizhf kfc fnf`nthwfjhfskb jnfisnwif`"jky ghlnjh kfnsahw lnfthfihflh ktkibkgbh sn lisizhf| if sah dxsxwh&Gx|ifh|| ak| kbwhkcy gh`xf sn hqubnwh sah kccisinfkb pky| saks k `wic lkf gh xsibizhc sn kcthwsi|h" |hbb"ci|swigxsh" kfc uwntich |xuunws dnw uwncxls| kfc |hwtilh| if sah dnwj nd h*lnjjhwlh" gx|ifh||*sn*gx|ifh||lnjjhwlh" |xuuby lakif jkfk`hjhfs" kfc lx|snjhw whbksinf| jkfk`hjhfs&Lnf|xjhw| ghfhdis dwnj sah `wic gy ghif` kgbh sn uxwlak|h uwncxls|" kfc lahlm nf lnjuhsisith uwilif` nfuwncxls| kfc |hwtilh| dwnj kbb kwnxfc sah pnwbc" pisanxs hthwy aktif` sn bhkth sahiw anjh&

Lxwwhfs kfc hquhlshc ukwsiliukfs| if sah pnwbc `wicAnp jxla uwn`wh|| ak| kbwhkcy ghhf jkch k| ph ksshjus sn jnth hthw lbn|hw sn nxw ubkfhs pich ngohl*sith| !7557 hwk)> Sah Fksinfkb \lihflh Dnxfcksinf ak| dxfchc k |x|skifhc uwnohls whdhwwhc sn k| \SKW*SKU& Sah nkb nd sai| uwnohls i| sn dklibisksh sah bnf`*shwj ifshwlnffhlsinf kfc ifshwnuhwkgibisy nd k fhpkfc kctkflhc ifshwfksinfkb fhspnwm& Sai| uwnohls pibb k||i|s x| if ghsshw xfchw|skfcif` sah syuh nd |nds*pkwh kuubilksinf| kfc akwcpkwh shlafnbn`y saks pibb uwntich sah `whksh|s uhwdnwjkflh if aiàby ci|swig*xshc lnjuxsksinf& Sah Xfishc \sksh| lxwwhfsby ak| sah jn|s k``wh||ith `wic uwn`wkj kfc jkfy fksinf|akth kbwhkcy sihc sahiw lnjuxsksinfkb dklibisih| ifsn \SKW*SKU& \njh nd sah `wnxu| kbwhkcy ukwsiliuksif`kwh?

sah Lkfkcikf Fhspnwm dnw sah Kctkflhjhfs nd Wh|hkwla" Ifcx|swy" kfc Hcxlksinf

sah \if`kunwh Ifshwfhs Fhqs @hfhwksinf Wh|hkwla kfc Hcxlksinf Fhspnwm

Sah fksinf| nw lnf|nwsik paila kwh jntif` snpkwc h|skgbi|aif` k whbksinf|aiu pisa \SKW*SKU kwh?

K|ikf*Uklidil lnf|nwsixj FNWCXfhs !Chfjkwm" Difbkfc" Ilhbkfc" Fnwpky" kfc \phchf) WHFKSHW !Dwhfla Hcxlksinf kfc Wh|hkwla Fhspnwm) Okukf Skipkf

\y|shjil \yjginsil Ubkfhskwy Hlnti+k`h Fhspnwm 0


8/16

Gwkzib Wx||ik KUKF !K|ikf*Ukl)Sah Hbhlswnfil Ti|xkbizksinf Bkgnwksnwy ks Xfithw|isy nd Ibbifni| if Lailk`n i| lxwwhfsby pnwmif` nf sahLKTHWF Wh|hkwla Fhspnwm& Sah uxwun|h nd sai| uwnohls i| ifshfchc sn uwncxlh |ndspkwh saks kbbnp| lnb*

bkgnwksith tiwsxkb |uklh|" pahwh uhnubh" ks `bngkbby ci|swigxshc bnlksinf|" lkf ifshwkls if fhkw*whkb*sijh" tikayuhwfhp|" kuubilksinf kbbhwih|" kfc |akwhc uwn`wkj|&Sah `wic ti|inf i| nfh saks pibb wh{xiwh hqshf|ith lnbbkgnwksinf sn kllnjubi|a& Sah ch`whh nd kjubidilk*sinf nd axjkf uwncxlsitisy saks ph lkf klaihth pisa lnbbkgnwksinf i| fns yhs dnwh|hhkgbh& Dnw lhfsxwih| phakth dnlx|hc nf lnjuhsisinf& Paks ph lkf kllnjubi|a pisa lnbbkgnwksinf * if shwj| nd k jnwh hddilihfsxsibizksinf nd nxw wh|nxwlh|" kfc sah cyfkjil fnfbifhkw kjubidilksinf nd nxw ifshbbhlsxkb wh|nxwlh| pahflnjgifhc pisa kwsidilikb ifshbbi`hflh lnlwhksinf shlafnbn`ih| * sai| i| sah lakbbhf`h nd sah dxsxwh&

Uwnohlshc fhkw*shwj chbithwkgbh lnjuxsksinfDn|shw kfc Mh||hbjkf ]0Z if ;999 uwntichc |njh h|sijksh| nd sah iflwhk|h if lnjuxsksinfkb lkukgibisy

saks is pnxbc gh un||igbh sn nddhw sah uxgbil nthw sah fhqs shf yhkw|& Sahiw h|sijksh| uwnohlshc kf iflwhk|hnd sawhh nwchw| nd jk`fisxch if sah fhqs dith yhkw|& Kf iflwhk|h nd dith nwchw| nd jk`fisxch lkf gh hq*uhlshc pisaif sah fhqs shf yhkw|& Sah|h kxsanw| uwntich dith kwhk| if paila sahy hquhls sn |hh sai| ij*uwnthjhfs?

shlafnbn`ilkb ijuwnthjhfs

Lxwwhfs swhfc| if TB\I ch|i`f kfc jkfxdklsxwif` uwnji|h k dklsnw nd ;5 iflwhk|h if lnjuxsksinfkb

unphw nthw sah fhqs dith yhkw|" kfc k dklsnw nd ;55 nthw sah fhqs shf yhkw|&

kf iflwhk|h if chjkfc*cwithf lnjuxsksinfkb unphw

Jkfy |ndspkwh kuubilksinf| kfc sahiw fnwjkb x|k`h uksshwf| wh{xiwh chjkfcif` lnjuxsksinfkb LUX

sijh nf k ifdwh{xhfs gk|i|& Sah whjkifchw nd sah sijh" sah|h kuubilksinf| whjkif icbh& Nf chjkfc lbx|*

shwhc |hwthw|" lnxbc uwntich sah|h hui|ncil gxw|s| nd lnjuxsksinf pahf wh{xiwhc" dwhhif` xu fxjhwnx|

fnf*fhspnwmhc lnjuxshw| dnw nsahw sk|m|& \xla k uwn`wkj" lnxbc iflwhk|h nthwkbb lnjuxsksinfkb unphw

gy sawhh nw jnwh nwchw| nd jk`fisxch&

xsibizksinf nd icbh lkuklisy

\sxcih| nd jifijkb lnjuxsksinfkb lkuklisy lnjuxshw| |xla k| uhw|nfkb" gx|ifh||" kfc pnwm|sksinf ch|m*

snu lnjuxshw|" shfc sn x|h fn jnwh sakf


9/16

lnf|ichwkgbh |akwif` nd phksahw lnjuxsksinf wh|nxwlh|" sai| bkw`hw di`xwh i| fhthw wh{xiwhc& Anphthw"

sai| i| fns `hfhwkbby sah lk|h if nsahw kwhk| nd chjkfcif` lnjuxsksinf" pahwh lnf|ichwkgbh ukwkbbhb kfc

cxubilkshc hddnws i| hquhfchc nf k ckiby gk|i|" sax| pk|sif` lnf|ichwkgbh lnjuxsksinfkb wh|nxwlh|" gy

fns |akwif`& Sah nthwkbb ijuwnthjhfs if lnjuxsksinfkb lkuklisy saks lnxbc gh klaihthc pisa |akwif` kwh

ciddilxbs sn h|sijksh" gxs sahy jx|s gh thwy |xg|skfsikb&

ijuwnthjhfs| if uwngbhj*|nbtif

Fhp kuuwnklah| sn lnjuxsksinf |anxbc kbbnp |nuai|silkshc lnjuxsksinf|" ks sah ch|msnu bhthb" sn gh

akfchc ndd sn fhspnwm*hfkgbhc |hwthw|" pisanxs aktif` sn if|skbb sah aià chjkfc |ndspkwh nf bnlkb

fnch lnjuxshw|& Tkwinx| syuh| nd shbh*ijjhw|inf shlafi{xh|" kbbnpif` lnbbkgnwksith nuhwksinf nd |ijx*

bksinf|" kfc sah hqubnwksinf nd sah ckskgk|h| saks kwh sah uwncxls nd sah|h |ijxbksinf|" |anxbc uwntich

whcxlhc chjkfc nf jkfy lnjuxshw| paila lkf sahf gh dwhhc*xu dnw nsahw lnjuxsksinfkb uxwun|h|&

Sah ngtinx| iflwhk|h| if lnjuxsksinfkb lkuklisy" lnjh| dwnj sah lnjgifhc kfc |yfhwì|sil kuubilksinf ndkbb nd sah|h shlafi{xh| |ijxbskfhnx|by& Saifmif` nd lnjuxsksinf k| k |y|shjil ubkfhskwy klsitisy"wksahw sakf k uhw|nfkb nw |if`bh gx|ifh|| klsitisy" lkf gwif` x| kf hfnwjnx| iflwhk|h if lnjuxsk*sinfkb hddilihfly kfc nusijizksinf&

If nwchw dnw k ubkfhskwy lnjuxsksinfkb `wic sn gh |xllh||dxb lnjukwhc sn fnf*`wic kbshwfksith|" is jx|sakth k |xddilihfs {xkfsisy kfc {xkbisy nd ifdwk|swxlsxwh sn hf|xwh chuhfckgbh" lnf|i|shfs" uhwtk|ith" kfcifhquhf|ith lnjuxsksinf ]1Z& Id ph lkf uwntich sah|h lnfcisinf|" kbnf` pisa fhp ijuwnthjhfs| if |uhhlawhln`fisinf ifshwdklh|" ph lkf bnnm dnwpkwc sn kf hwk pahwh lnjuxsksinfkb wh|nxwlh|" dkw ghynfc kfysaif`ph akth uwhtinx|by ijkìfhc" pibb gh ktkibkgbh" nf chjkfc" kbjn|s kfypahwh nf nxw ubkfhs& Is i| thwyun||igbh" saks lnjuxsksinf pibb swkf|dnwj hthwy k|uhls nd nxw ifshbbhlsxkb" |nlikb" hfshwskifjhfs" hlnfnjil"kfc `nthwfkflh klsitisih|& Sai| pibb fns gh kf hk|y sk|m& Is pibb wh{xiwh lnf|ichwkgbh kfc |x|skifhc ifth|s*jhfs nthw chlkch|" id fns lhfsxwih|" kfc is pibb wh{xiwh fhp dnwj| nd iffntksinf& K lnjgifhc hddnws lnf*|i|sif` nd gnsa axjkf kfc kwsidilikb ifshbbi`hflh" pibb lnbbhlsithby ch|i`f" kfc `wnp sai| hfnwjnx| lnfthw*`hflh nd ginlnjuxsksinf pisa CFK" jnbhlxbkw" nusilkb" |ibilnf" kfc {xkfsxj lnjuxsksinf&

Jilwn|nlihsih| nw hlntibbk`h| akth sah nuunwsxfisy nd ghif` nf sah lxssif` hc`h nd sah|h chthbnujhfs|"

ghlkx|h sahy lkf ch|i`f sahiw |nlihsih| dwnj sah nxs|hs pisa `wic uwifliubh| if jifc& Sah |kjh uwklsilh|pnxbc lnf|ichwkgby iflwhk|h sah lnjuxsksinfkb lkuklisy nd sah ifswkfhs" sah hqswkfhs" sah lkukgibisih| nd sahhlntibbk`h fhspnwm" kfc sah fhspnwm ifshwdklh sn sah bkw`hw ubkfhskwy lnjuxsksinfkb `wic&

Kuubilksinf| pahwh sah `wic pibb gh ijunwskfsDn|shw kfc Mh||hbjkf ]9Z akth lksh`nwizhc dith syuh| nd kuubilksinf| pahwh `wic lnjuxsksinf pibb uwnthsn gh aiàby tkbxkgbh" id fns ifci|uhf|kgbh?

ci|swigxshc |xuhwlnjuxsif`

\xwuwi|if` k| is jky gh sn kthwk`h uhw|nf" sahwh kwh lnjuxshw |ijxbksinf| paila hqlhhc hthf sah lkukl*

isy nd sah bkw`h|s |xuhwlnjuxshw dklibisih| iftnbtif` 8555*


10/16

Aià sawnxàuxs lnjuxsif` lkf ciddhw lnf|ichwkgby dwnj CI\" ghlkx|h is iftnbth| kccisinfkb uwngbhj|

nd lnjuxsif` jkfy ciddhwhfs sk|m| klwn|| k pichby ci|swigxshc fhspnwm& Ahwh ph kwh xsibizif` sah lnj*

gifhc lnjuxsksinfkb lkuklisy nd k `wic sn uhwdnwj axfcwhc| nw sanx|kfc| nd ciddhwhfs sk|m|& \njh hq*

kjubh| nd sai| syuh nd lnjuxsif` kwh sah x|h nd axfcwhc| nw sanx|kfc| nd pnwm|sksinf|" if k lnnwcifkshc

dk|ainf" sn ch|i`f k fhp lnjuxshw& Sah Xfithw|isy nd Pi|lnf|if ak| xsibizhc sah Lnfcnw |y|shj nd

pnwm|sksinf|" bnlkshc kwnxfc sah pnwbc" sn |sxcy tkwinx| uwngbhj| bimh jnbhlxbkw |ijxbksinf|" wnxfc*uhfhswksif` wkckw" kfc cih|hb hfìfh ch|i`f& K |ijibkw kuuwnkla ak| ghhf x|hc sn |nbth bkw`h lwyusn*

`wkuail uwngbhj|&

nf*chjkfc lnjuxsif`

Nf chjkfc lnjuxsksinf i| x|xkbby dnlx|hc kwnxfc ln|s*hddhlsith |nbxsinf|" kfc pahwh lnjuxsksinfkb

lkuklisy i| fns wh{xiwhc nf k lnf|skfs gk|i|& \njh hqkjubh| nd sai|" kwh FHN\ {fh Fhs\nbth" iftnbtif`

fhspnwm*hfakflhc fxjhwilkb |nbthw |y|shj|& Sai| shlafi{xh ak| kb|n ghhf x|hc sn uwntich whkb*sijh

ijk`h uwnlh||if` dnw |lkffif` sxffhbif` jilwn|lnuh|& Khwn|uklh Lnwunwksinf ak| xsibizhc sai| shla*

fi{xh sn uwnlh|| cksk dwnj jhshnwnbnìlkb |kshbbish|&

cksk ifshf|ith lnjuxsif`

Cksk*ifshf|ith lnjuxsksinf i| dnlx|hc kwnxfc |yfsah|izif` ifdnwjksinf dwnj fxjhwnx| |nxwlh| sn uwn*

tich k lnjuwhahf|ith lhfswkbizhc ckskgk|h whun|isnwy& \njh hqkjubh| nd wh|hkwla pahwh sai| syuh nd

lnjuxsksinf i| wh{xiwhc kwh" sah ckskgk|h| `hfhwkshc gy aià hfhw`y uay|il| hquhwijhfs|" paila wh{xiwh

shwkgysh| nd |snwk`h ckiby" kfc uhskgysh| nd |snwk`h nf k yhkwby gk|i|& Sah k|swnfnjilkb Ciìskb \my \xw*

thy| kb|n wh{xiwh shwkgysh| nd ijk`h |snwk`h&

lnbbkgnwksith lnjuxsif`

Lnbbkgnwksith lnjuxsif` i| ifshfchc sn k||i|s ci|swigxshc ifshwklsith lnjuxsksinfkb sk|m| pahwh sah ukw*

siliukfs| kwh bnlkshc ks ci|skfs bnlksinf|" gxs fhhc sn lnbbkgnwksh pisaif nfh |if`bh tiwsxkb pnwm |uklh&

\njh hqkjubh| kwh GnibhwJkmhw ks sah Kw`nffh Fksinfkb Bkgnwksnwy" paila kbbnp| jxbsiubh x|hw| sn

ch|i`f ifcx|swikb iflifhwksnw|" kfc sah LKTH8 |y|shj kbbnp| x|hw| sn hfhwksh kfc hqubnwh bkw`h hn*

uay|ilkb ckskgk|h|" bimh k jnchb nd sah Lah|kuhkmh Gky& Sah FILH |y|shj i| k lnbbkgnwksith tiwsxkb wh*

kbisy |y|shj dnw laibcwhf sn lwhksh kfc ifshwkls if tiwsxkb pnwbc|&

\iflh sah `whksh|s kjnxfs nd wh|hkwla skmif` ubklh if `wic lnjuxsif` i| if xfithw|isih| kfc wh|hkwla if|si*sxsinf|" is |anxbc lnjh k| fn |xwuwi|h saks jn|s nd sah|h hqkjubh| lhfshw kwnxfc wh|hkwla klsitisih|" gxs is|anxbc gh thwy hk|y sn ijkìfh anp sah|h |kjh kuuwnklah| lnxbc gh x|hc if jkfxdklsxwif`" ch|i`f" sahhfshwskifjhfs kws|" kfc hlnfnjil|&

K fhp ukwkci`j if lnjuxsksinfkb lkuklisyK| k litibizksinf uni|hc nf sah bhkcif` hc`h nd sah ifdnwjksinf k`h" pahwh lnjuxsksinf kfc |ijxbksinfpibb ubky |xla k dxfckjhfskb kfc ijunwskfs wnbh if nxw bith|" lkf ph whkbby kddnwc |xla hfnwjnx| lnjux*sksinfkb pk|sh> Sah ngtinx| kf|phw i| fn+ Nfh jx|s k|m pay sai| |xgohls ak| fns lkusxwhc sah ksshfsinf ndsah jhcik> Uhwaku| is i| ghlkx|h ph |sibb saifm nd sah lnjuxshw k| kf ifciticxkbby npfhc kuubikflh& If sahuwh*ifshwfhs hwk sai| uhw|uhlsith jky akth ghhf ox|sidihc& Anphthw" if sah un|s*ifshwfhs hwk" pahwh nxwlnjuxshw| kwh fhspnwmhc nf k aiàby ci|swigxshc `bngkb fhspnwm" sai| uhw|uhlsith jkmh| fn |hf|h kskbb& Sah tk|s jkonwisy nd sah|h lnjuxshw| kwh kbwhkcy ifshwlnffhlshc klwn|| sah aiàby ci|swigxshc fhspnwmph whdhw sn k| sah ifshwfhs& Sai| i| fns uwijkwiby k akwcpkwh uwngbhj& Sah akwcpkwh i| kbwhkcy lnffhlshc

\y|shjil \yjginsil Ubkfhskwy Hlnti+k`h Fhspnwm ;5


11/16

tik sah `bngkb fhspnwm& \n paks i| anbcif` x| gklm dwnj xsibizif` sai| swhjhfcnx| wh|nxwlh if k jxlajnwh nusijkb dk|ainf>

Sah wnkcgbnlm| lnf|i|s nd sah dnbbnpif`?

Ph cn fns lxwwhfsby akth k Ci|swigxshc Lnjuxsif` @bngkb Nuhwksif` \y|shj \skfckwc !CL@N\\)"

paila pnxbc kbbnp kbb sah lnjuxshw| nf sah tk|s kfc `wnpif` ifshwfhs fhspnwm sn |akwh sah gxwchf nd

sah ubkfhs| snskb lnjuxsksinfkb bnkc& Ph fhhc |ndspkwh nuhwksif` |y|shj| saks |xuunws jxbsisk|mif`"jxbsisawhkcif`" kfc ci|swigxshc lnjuxsksinf& Sai| |anxbc gh akfcbhc ks sah nuhwksif` |y|shj bhthb !Ji*

lwn|nds Pifcnp|" Jkl N\" Xfiq" hsl&)" |n saks kuubilksinf |ndspkwh chthbnuhw| cn fns akth sn chkb pisa

sai| lnjubilksinf k| chthbnuhw|&

Ks sah fhspnwm bhthb ph fhhc sn lnjubhsh sah biàs nusilkb dighw wnbb nxs" |n saks kbb nd nxw lnjuxshw|

kwh lnffhlshc gy biàs nusilkb dighw paila kbbnp| x| sn hddilihfsby ci|swigxsh kfc lnbbhls sah bnlkb fnch

lnjuxsksinfkb uwncxls| sn aiàhw bhthb fhspnwm |yfsah|i| kfc ifsh`wksinf lhfshw|" pahwh sah ci|swigxshc

lnjuxsksinf hthfs| lkf gh uxs sn`hsahw ifsn lnjuwhahf|igbh cksk&

Kfc difkbby" sah difkb wnkcgbnlm i| uxwhby lnflhusxkb if fksxwh& Ph |ijuby jx|s bhkwf fns sn saifm kgnxs

nxw lnjuxshw| k| ifciticxkb shlafnbnìlkb chtilh|& Ph jx|s bhkwf sn |hh sahj k| ifciticxkb fhwth lhbb|if k jxla bkw`hw ubkfhskwy nw`kfil fhwtnx| |y|shj& Sai| snskb fhwtnx| |y|shj lnf|i|s| nd kbb sah lnj*

uxshw| kfc fhspnwm| nf sah ubkfhs" if kccisinf sn kbb sah axjkf ginlnjuxsksinfkb unphw ifahwhfs if sah

|xj snskb nd axjkf gwkif| paila dxflsinf nf nxw ubkfhs&

Paks lkf gh cnfh kgnxs sai| ifsnbhwkgbh nthw|iàs>

Sah whkbisy nd sai| |isxksinf ak| fns ghhf ji||hc gy |njh nd nxw lxwwhfs shlafnbn`y lnjukfih| iftnbthc iflnjuxsksinf& \xf Jilwn|y|shj|" kfc IGJ kwh lxwwhfsby chthbnuif`" kfc nddhwif`" ci|swigxshc lnjuxsif`|y|shj|& Anphthw" sah|h |y|shj| kwh |sibb uwnuwihskwy" nw nuhwksif` |y|shj chuhfchfs& Sai| i| k gi` |shu ifsah wiàs ciwhlsinf" gxs ph jx|s akth k `bngkb |skfckwc !CL@N\\) dnw ci|swigxshc lnjuxsif` id ph kwhhthw sn whkbizh sah dxbb xfithw|kb kctkfsk`h nd sai| fhp ukwkci`j if lnjuxsksinf& Sah ci|swigxshc lnjux*sksinfkb unwsinf nd kbb nuhwksif` |y|shj|" |anxbc gh nuhwksif` |y|shj ifchuhfchfs * sah CL@N\\ ku*

uwnkla& Ifchuhfchfs lnjukfih| lkf lnjuhsh ks sah nuhwksif` |y|shj bhthb" gxs sahy |anxbc lnnuhwksh" kfc|akwh sah ci|swigxshc lnjuxsif` chthbnujhfs ln|s|& @nthwfjhfs| lnxbc kb|n lnfswigxsh sn sah chthbnu*jhfs ln|s| nd ci|swigxshc lnjuxsif`" gy jkmif` FD\ `wkfs| ktkibkgbh sn xfithw|isih| kfc wh|hkwla `wnxu|"pisa sah ifshfsinf nd kllhbhwksif` sah chubnyjhfs kfc kcnusinf nd bngkb ci|swigxshc lnjuxsif`&

Dnw san|h nd ynx pan kwh xfdkjibikw pisa lnjuxshw |ijxbksinf" kfc sah hfnwjnx| lnjuxsksinfkb wh*|nxwlh| saks kwh fhhchc if bkw`h lnjuxsksinf|" ph pibb gwihdby swy sn |xjjkwizh sah gk|il whk|nf| paybkw`h lnjuxshw |ijxbksinf| wh{xiwh |n jxla lnjuxsksinfkb lkuklisy?

Uwndh||infkb| pan jkmh k bitif` ksshjusif` sn dnwhlk|s bkw`h lnjubhq |y|shj| |xla k| * xfithw|h|" lbx|*shw| nd `kbkqih|" `kbkqy htnbxsinf" sah bnf` shwj htnbxsinf nd |shbbkw |y|shj|" sah ifshwfkb kfc hqshwfkb cy*fkjil| nd ifciticxkb |skw|" sah lnjubhq ifshwklsinf nd ubkfhs| if |nbkw |y|shj|" bnf` shwj `bngkb phksahwlylbh| kfc uksshwf|" bnf` shwj `bngkb nlhkf lylbh| kfc lxwwhfs|" hlnfnjil |y|shj|" kfc sah lnjubhq fnf*bifhkw ifshwklsinf| nd ginbnìlkb |uhlih| pisaif k `bngkb hln|y|shj nthw `hnbnìlkb k`h| * mfnp nfby snn

phbb saks sah|h bkw`h cyfkjilkb |y|shj| lkf fns gh |ijxbkshc kfkbysilkbby& Sah|h |y|shj| jx|s gh ishwkshcfxjhwilkbby& Kfkbysilkb dnwjxbk| hqi|s| dnw |njh uahfnjhfk if sah fksxwkb pnwbc& If sah lk|h| pahwh sahycn hqi|s sahy kbbnp x| sn uwhcils kfy dxsxwh un|isinf" thbnlisy" nw kllhbhwksinf nd saks |y|shj" ks kfy ìthfsijh if is| htnbxsinf" id nfh ak| sah ifisikb kfc gnxfckwy lnfcisinf| fhlh||kwy sn ubx` ifsn sah h{xksinf&Jn|s |y|shj| paila hqaigis bifhkw" nw thwy lbn|h sn bifhkw" ghaktinw lkf gh |nbthc if sai| dk|ainf& Xfdnw*sxfkshby jn|s nd sah |y|shj| if nxw xfithw|h kwh fns bifhkw& Sah aià ch`whh nd |y|shj*sn*|y|shj ifshwlnf*fhlsitisy jkmh| sah|h uahfnjhfk |n lnjubhq saks sahy kwh fns |xgohls sn kfkbysilkb |nbxsinf|& \n sai|bhkth| x| pisa sah tk|s jkonwisy nd |y|shj| ghif` fnfbifhkw" kfc fnfbifhkw |y|shj| jx|s gh kuuwnklahcdwnj kf ishwksinf kuuwnkla& Ishwksinf |nbxsinf| kwh whdhwwhc sn k| fxjhwilkb |nbxsinf|& Sahy wh{xiwh x| sn

\y|shjil \yjginsil Ubkfhskwy Hlnti+k`h Fhspnwm ;;


12/16

uwhcils sah dxsxwh un|isinf" thbnlisy" kfc kllhbhwksinf nd k |y|shj gk|hc nfby xunf is| uwhtinx| un|isinf"jnjhfsxj" kfc kllhbhwksinf * nfh |shu ks k sijh& Kfy ciìskb lnjuxsksinf iftnbth| difish kllxwklih|"paila uwncxlh wnxfc ndd hwwnw|" kfc sah|h wnxfc ndd hwwnw|" paibh |jkbb dnw kfy ìthf |shu" ghìf sn kccxu lnbbhlsithby" nthw jkfy |shu|& Sah difish |izh nd sah fxjghw nd tkwikgbh| saks lkf gh swklmhc" sah snskbfxjghw nd ciìs| nw kllxwkly saks i| klaihtkgbh" sah akwcpkwh kfc |ndspkwh bijisksinf|" kfc hfhw`y kfcdifkflikb ln|s| nd sah lnjuxsksinf * hthfsxkbby bijis sah |shu |izh" kllxwkly" nthwkbb |izh" kfc sah bhf`sa nd

sah|h ishwkshc lnjuxsksinf|& Sah lnjgifksinf nd kbb sah|h dklsnw|" chdifh paks ph whdhw sn k| k lnjuxsk*sinfkb |ijxbksinf& Hthf k |if`bh bkw`h fnfbifhkw |ijxbksinf skqh| sah lkukgibisih| nd sah jn|s kctkflhcjk||ithby ukwkbbhb |xuhwlnjuxshw|" lnfskifif` ;5"555 nw jnwh LUX uwnlh||nw|& Sai| i| pay ph ch|uhw*kshby fhhc sn skmh dxbb kctkfsk`h nd `bngkb ci|swigxshc lnjuxsif`& Ph fhhc sah kuuwnqijkshby 95 uhwlhfsnd sah `bngkb lnjuxsksinfkb lkuklisy saks i| fnp ghif` pk|shc" ghlkx|h axfcwhc| nd jibbinf| nd lnjuxshw|kwh |uhfcif` k bkw`h unwsinf nd sahiw nuhwksif` sijh icbif` ks k |jkbb dwklsinf nd sah dxbb lnjuxsksinfkb lk*uklisy&

Ph whkbizh saks `kbkqy lbx|shw |ijxbksinf| jky |hhj dkw whjnthc dwnj kfysaif` nd ijunwskflh if nxw hth*wycky bith|& Anphthw" sah ghaktinw nd nxw fksith |skw" kfc nxw ubkfhskwy lbijksh |y|shj kwh nd whbhtkflh snx| kbb& Sah lnjubhq phksahw kfc nlhkf| lylbh|" sah hthw `wnpif` hddhls| nd nxw npf shlafnbn`y" sah hd*dhls| nd nxw hfhw`y xsibizksinf akgis| xunf sah ubkfhs| phksahw kfc hlnbn`y" kfc sah `bngkb ifshwklsinf ndnxw jkwmhs| kfc hlnfnjil |y|shj| * kwh ishj| saks |swimh jxla lbn|hw sn anjh if nxw ckiby bith|" hthf idsahy kwh fns yhs k snuil nd ckiby ifshwh|s if sah jhcik& K| nxw fhp hbhlswnfilkbby lnffhlshc shlafnbnìlkblitibizksinf jnth| dnwpkwc" ph pibb ghlnjh hthw jnwh if fhhc nd" kfc chuhfchfs xunf" bkw`h |lkbh lnj*uxsksinfkb uwnlh||h|& Ph lkf fns kddnwc sn pk|sh kfy nd nxw unshfsikb lnjuxsksinfkb lkuklisy" k| ph jnthdnwpkwc if sai| k`h nd lnjubhqidilksinf& Jn|s nd sah uwngbhj| ph pibb dklh `nif` dnwpkwc pibb fns gh ndsah bifhkw.kfkbysilkb syuh& Sahy pibb dkbb ifsn sah fnfbifhkw.ifshwklsith.|ijxbksinf lkju" kfc sahwhdnwh pibbwh{xiwh jk||ithby ukwkbbhb kfc ci|swigxshc lnjuxsksinfkb lkukgibisih|& Sah |lihfsidil lnjjxfisy i| ghlnj*if` dxbby ln`fizkfs nd sai| whkbisy" gxs xfdnwsxfkshby nxw `hfhwkb |nlikb" hlnfnjil" lnwunwksh" kfc `nthwf*jhfskb if|sisxsinf| kwh |sibb pky ghaifc sah lxwth if sai| ukwkci`j |aids& Uhwaku|" jn|s ijunwskfs nd kbb"sah `hfhwkb uxgbil kwnxfc sah `bngh" i| kbjn|s lnjubhshby if sah ckwm kgnxs sah ijunwskflh nd sai| i||xh&

Sai| lnfcisinf jx|s gh whthw|hc k| {xilmby k| un||igbh+ Nxw |xwtitkgibisy k| k litibizksinf chuhfc| xunfis+

Ph anuh saks nxw thwy gwihd ifswncxlsinf sn sai| |xgohls ak| ghhf |xddilihfs sn lnftiflh ynx nd sah swxh

ijunwskflh nd ci|swigxshc lnjuxsif` if sai| fhp kfc thwy lakbbhfìf` 7;|s lhfsxwy&

Sah `bngkb lnjuxsksinfkb `wic ukwkci`jK| ph |skshc if nxw ifswncxlsinf" sai| fhp 7;|s lhfsxwy ph akth hfshwhc ifsn i| sah bhkcif` hc`h nd sah

ifdnwjksinf k`h& Fnp paks cnh| sai| jhkf> Is jhkf| saks sah ngohlsith kahkc i| sn gh kgbh sn |xuuby sah

hfsiwh pnwbc| ifdnwjksinf kwlaith kfc whkb*sijh ifdnwjksinf lkukgibisy 73.0.


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gwnkchw jhkfif` nd lnjuxsksinf& Nxw xfithw|h kfc hthwysaif` ph hflnxfshw if is" i| k lnjuxsksinfkb

uwnlh||& Kbb nd sah|h uwnlh||h| kwh dnwj| nd lnjuxsksinfkb h{xitkbhflh paila hqi|s if nxw xfithw|h" kfc

paila lkf gh sanxàs nd k| k dnwj nd xfithw|kb lnjuxsksinf& Sn saifm saks ph lkf |njhanp kctkflh

sawnxà sah hfnwjnx| fxjghw nd bhthb| nd ifshbbhlsxkb kfc |uiwisxkb kctkflhjhfs" fhlh||kwy sn lnjuwh*

ahfc sai| xfithw|h" pisanxs jk|shwif` sah lnjgifhc |lihflh kfc kws nd lnjuxsksinf" i| iflnflhitkgbh& Nxw

lxwwhfs lnflhus nd paks lnjuxsksinf i|" i| |sibb thwy bijishc& Lnjuxsksinf i| jnwh sakf k gbklm gnq pisak |ibilnf gk|hc jnsahwgnkwc" LUX" kfc jhjnwy& Lnjuxsksinf i| kbb kwnxfc x|& Dnw gibbinf| nd yhkw| uwh*

lhcif` nxw kwwitkb" ginbn`y akc ghhf uhwdnwjif` jnbhlxbkw lnjuxsksinf& Sah pkwj nlhkf| nd nxw hkwby

hkwsa uwntichc sah iflxgksnw dnw sah ;545*;55|hbd*nw`kfizif` htnbxsinfkwy lnjuxsksinf| saks pnxbc |hhj sn gh

wh{xiwhc sn uwncxlh bidh dnwj| ks sahiw lxwwhfs |sksh nd chthbnujhfs& Sah hkwbih|s hquhwijhfs| jky akth ghhf fn

jnwh lnjubhq sakf |njh nd sah |ijubh|s lhbbxbkw kxsnjksk lnjuxsksinf wxbh|& Ph fnp mfnp saks |njh lhbbxbkw

kxsnjksk wxbh| akth kbwhkcy ghhf uwnthf sn |xuunws xfithw|kb lnjuxsksinf" if k jkffhw |ijibkw sn k Sxwif`

jklaifh| lkuklisy sn |xuunws xfithw|kb lnjuxsksinf& Jnwh kctkflhc bhthb| nd ginbn`y uwngkgby iftnbth jxbsi*

ubh bhthb| nd lnjuxsksinf& Sah hkwby |sk`h| nd lhbbxbkw kxsnjksk syuh lnjuxsksinf jky akth bhkc sn sah chthb*

nujhfs nd |ijubh nw`kfil jnbhlxbh|" kfc sahf aiàhw bhthb uwn`wkjjif` bkf`xk`h| jky akth ghhf gxibs xunf

sai| dnxfcksinf" jxla bimh nxw jxbsiubh aià bhthb uwn`wkjjif` bkf`xk`h| !Dnwswkf" Lngkb" L" Jksahjksilk"

hsl&) kwh gxibs xunf jklaifh bhthb bkf`xk`h|& Id ynx saifm lnjuxsksinf i| k |xgohls dnwhi`f sn ynxw bidh" skmh

k bnnm if|ich ynxw gncy" ynxw gwkif" kfc ynx pibb |hh lnjuxsksinf hthwypahwh ynx sxwf & Ph jx|s |snu

saifmif` nd lnjuxsif` k| |njhsaif` saks ox|s |anphc xu if sah kwhfk nd hkwsa| htnbxsinf 85 yhkw| k`n& Ginbn`y

i| kbwhkcy lnjuxsif` ks sah jnbhlxbkw" id fns sah ksnjil bhthb& Pisa sah lnjif` nd fkfnshlafnbn`y" kfc is| un*

shfsikb dnw {xkfsxj lnjuxsif`" nxw jkf jkch lnjuxshw| jky |nnf gh lnjuxsif` ks sah ksnjil bhthb& Ph

|anxbc kb|n fns ci|wh`kwc sah hkwbihw uwh*ginbn`y xfithw|h" k| ghif` sn |ijubh sn akth iftnbthc lnjuxsksinf&

Sah uwifliubh nd lnjuxsksinfkb h{xitkbhflh |x``h|s| saks k| ph `n dnwpkwc if nxw xfchw|skfcif` nd sah xfi*

thw|h" ph pibb difc sai| fhp uwifliukb nd lnjuxsksinfkb h{xitkbhflh ks hthwy bhthb nd hquhwihflh" kfc if hthwy

sijh uhwinc nd htnbxsinf& Sah uwifliukb nd lnjuxsksinfkb h{xitkbhflh |x``h|s| saks k |i`fidilkfs unwsinf nd hthf

whbksithby |ijubh lnjuxsksinfkb |y|shj|" kwh lkukgbh nd uwncxlif` lnjubhq |y|shj| * id ìthf hqshfchc

kfc |i`fidilkfs ishwksinf sijh |ukf|& Dnw k jxla jnwh hqshfchc ci|lx||inf nd sai| snuil" ph aiàby whl*

njjhfc \shuahf Pnbdwkj| gnnm ];5Z&

\n ph anuh saks ynx kwh lnftiflhc saks lnjuxsksinf i| fns |njhsaif` {xish k| dnwhi`f sn nxw bith| k| ynxjiàs saifm" kfc ph anuh ph akth lnftiflhc ynx sn ghlnjh ktic uwnjnshw| nd ci|swigxshc lnjuxsksinf&Ph thwy jxla fhhc sn |skws k gnssnj*xu wnxfc |phbb jnthjhfs sn kctkflh ci|swigxshc lnjuxsif`& Phlkf saifm nd fn ghsshw ubklh sn ghìf |xla k jnthjhfs sakf if k jilwn|nlihsy fhspnwm nd biàs nusilkb di*ghw bifmhc hlntibbk`h|& Hkla hlntibbk`h |anxbc nuhwksh sahiw npf ifswkfhs if k| ci|swigxshc k dk|ainf k|un||igbh" kfc sahf uwntich kfy kccisinfkb LUX sijh sn sah gwnkchw fhspnwm nf k whliuwnlkb sijh |akwh gk*|i|& \ijxbksinf| paila hqlhhc sah lnjuxsksinfkb lkuklisy nd sah bnlkb fnch|" lkf gh |uwhkc klwn|| bkw`hwkfc bkw`hw unwsinf| nd sah fhspnwm&

Sah lakbbhf`h| kwh hfnwjnx|= sah sawibb nd ukwsiliuksif` i| hqaibkwksif`= sah wh|xbs| nd sai| lnbbkgnwksinf kwhswxby ghynfc nxw ijkìfksinf&

Hqubnwif` ifshwfhs hlnbn`y kfc snunbn`ySah hlnbn`y kfc sah snunbn`y nd sah lyghw|uklh saks i| `wnpif` pisaif sah ifshwfhs i| k thwy ijunwskfs kfcdk|lifksif` |xgohls& Cnc`h kfc Mislahf ];;Z akth uxgbi|ahc k ghkxsidxb gnnm"Ksbk| nd Lyghw|uklh" pailauwntich| k whdhwhflh |nxwlh nf sah tkwinx| hquhwijhfskb jhkf| nd swyif` sn ti|xkbizh kfc xsibizh sah tk|swh|nxwlh nd sah ifshwfhs& Id ynx kwh xfkgbh sn gxy nw gnwwnp k lnuy nd sah gnnm" jkfy nd sah bifm| ghbnpbifm sn sah phg |ish| saks phwh lnthwhc if sah gnnm !ks sah sijh sai| kwsilbh i| ghif` pwisshf !7557) sah|hphg |ish| phwh lxwwhfs" gxs klkchjil phg |ish| ndshf lakf`h bnlksinf)& Sah dnbbnpif` phg |ish| |anxbc

\y|shjil \yjginsil Ubkfhskwy Hlnti+k`h Fhspnwm ;


15/16

Whdhwhflh|;& Dn|shw" Ikf kfc Mh||hbjkf" Lkwb !hc|&)& Sah @WIC*Gbxhuwifs dnw k Fhp Lnjuxsif` Ifdwk*

|swxlsxwh& ;999" u& q&

7& Dn|shw" Ikf kfc Mh||hbjkf" Lkwb !hc|&)& Sah @WIC*Gbxhuwifs dnw k Fhp Lnjuxsif` Ifdwk*

|swxlsxwh& ;999" uu& q*qq&


16/16

\y|shjil \yjginsil Ubkfhskwy Hlnti+k`h Fhspnwm ;4

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