Tony KimSamsung Semiconductor Inc.

June 23rd, 2010

SSDs Driving Greater Efficiencyin Data Centers

- Tutorial -

Table of Contents

• Part I: – IT Industry Trend & SSD Market Outlook– SSD Introduction & Application Trends

• Part II: – SSD Technology Trends – Samsung Enterprise SSD Solution– HP System Benchmark Results– Enhancing Ecosystem

Save the earth

• Part I: – IT Industry Trend & SSD Market Outlook– SSD Introduction & Application Trends

• Part II: – SSD Technology Trends – Samsung Enterprise SSD Solution– HP System Benchmark Results– Enhancing Ecosystem

Cloud Computing

Cloud computing=

Everything is connected

Server/Storage

HomePC

Web 2.0-enabled PCs, TVs, etc.

Businesses, from startups to enterprises

Mobile phones

MobilityConnectivityMarket diversification

For Cloud Computing, optimized capacity and hi-reliability SSD best

fit in commercial space

• Web centric not a computer, but something for daily life– Easy and convenient to use: Web OS– Light and responsive– Fashionable

Client Evolution

• U.S. Department of Energy funds $16.8 billion for energy efficiency and renewable energy

• Surging oil prices have made more people think of Green IT seriously

Green IT

1) DOE: U.S. Department of Energy2) DOE RECOVERY ACT FUNDING, Source: http://www.energy.gov/recovery/index.htm

Oil price

100

60

20

01997

2000

2003

2006

2009

Unit: $ U.S. DOE1) RECOVERY ACT FUNDING

Green IT starts with Energy Efficient Components

Which Technologies Will Most Affect StorageInfrastructure Over Next 3 Years?

[Source: Gartner Q210]

SSD Introduction

Controller

NAND flash

Connector

Platters

Actuator Arm

Spindle

Slider(and Head)

Actuator

ConnectorVS.

• What is a Solid State Drive?– Storage capitalizing on efficiency of NAND Flash– High reliability from solid state semiconductor

• Electrical device based on digital code– Perfect compliance with commands from host– At least few decades of higher performance than HDD

• No mechanical parts– No moving parts, such as motor, arm and platter– Less heat– Shock free, based on a PCB design

• Higher Performance

• More Reliability/Extended Life Span

• Less Power

• Less Cooling

• Reduced Hardware

Key Advantages of SSD (vs. HDD)

SSDs offer outstanding performance and reliability SSDs significantly decrease data center power and cooling SSDs offer the best TCO and Green performance solution

Samsung Enterprise SSD - Performance

<SSD vs. HDD Random IOPS Performance Comparison>*Source Samsung and available specifications 15K RPM SAS HDD*Assumption ; based on normal workload, random read 70% + random write 30%*Test results can vary under different test circumstance and preconditions

• Samsung Enterprise SSD perform 41 times better than HDD– SSD can replace from 4 to 40 HDDs due to the significant

performance advantages

15K

Samsung Enterprise SSD - Power

<SSD vs. HDD Power Consumption Comparison*Source: Samsung*Test results can vary under different test circumstance and preconditions*SSD power consumption is estimated under random the condition, read 70% and random write 30%

• SSD has lower power consumption than HDD does despite of higher Performance (IOPS)

• Watt/IOPS of SSD efficiency can largely address GREENrequirements of large server/storage farm

– Energy Star storage specification for servers defines efficiency rating, power profile and energy annual cost

1.7Watt

• SSD Market is growing steadily in all applications

– 5-Year Outlook (09-14) – Unit Growth: 76%– MB Growth: 127%

• Mainstream PC SSD account for~22% of Notebooks in 2014

• 6.3M SSDs in Server & Storage Markets in 2014

Market Outlook - Enterprise SSD

[Source : Gartner Q210]

• PCIe and SAS dominate as interfaces due to technical strengths– Capability and Simplicity will drive Interface Adoption

Application Trends

[Source : Gartner Q210]

• Enterprise market has started to utilize the benefits of SLC SSDs, i.e. High IOPS, Low Power & Reliability

• Streaming and Web servers – especially with Read-centric applications – are considering use of MLC SSDs for their lower price and higher capacity

New Paradigm for Enterprise Market with SSD

More Opportunity in Enterprise Market

[Source : Gartner Q210]

• Automated tiering in storage system expedites SSD adoption– SSD can deliver fast response time with lower costs at top of the

storage tier– Enterprise MLC SSD is expected to grow its position, including Tier 2

Storage System Trend Toward Green IT

15K HDD

7.2K HDD

Tape

SLC SSD

7.2K HDD

Tape

SLC SSD

MLC SSD

5.4K HDD

Disk Array Controller

F ront E nd Adapter

C P U C P U

Tier 1

Tier 2

Tier 3

Now FutureBefore

Enterprise Storage System Architectural Trends

Step 1 Step 2

• Cost: Flash memory dominates the BOM; Cost reduction slow down (3Xnm2Xnm1Xnm)

• Reliability: P/E cycle and Data retention are key to determining SSD lifetime

• Performance: lifetime trade-offs (IOPS, bandwidth – need to define real application usage)

Challenge of Enterprise-class SSD

More Challenge on Enterprise class SSD

• Part I: – IT Industry Trend & SSD Market Outlook– SSD Introduction & Application Trends

• Part II: – SSD Technology Trends – Samsung Enterprise SSD Solution– HP System Benchmark Results– Enhancing Ecosystem

• NAND management technology is crucial for SSD reliability– Applying advanced DSP technology – HDD channel technology would be applied to SSD

SSD Technology Trend: NAND Management

• LDPC(Low Density Parity check codes)

• Randomizer• Temp Sensor

• RAID

NANDMANAGEMENT

It is an element which can sense a temperature variation and revise a voltage criterion.

Powerful ECC decoding needs soft-decision informationto improve reliability (existing HDD technology)

The SSD, faster flash drives by implementing data striping (RAID 0) and interleaving.

Minimize pattern dependencyThe number of each state’s cell is equally distributed Minimize changes; verify/read level each data pattern

• Push for sustained performance– FW optimization, Over-provisioning and Supercap technology keep

improving end user experiences by enabling sustained performance– Eco-system (OS, Filesystem) is becoming friendlier for SSDs

• ‘Sustained performance’ represented as standard SSD performance– SNIA defines PTS (Performance Test Specification) for Client and

Enterprise– ‘Steady State’ region represents device’s performance during normal

working life

SSD Technology Trend: Sustained Performance

Before After

FW optimize

• ‘Performance throttling’ technology could be utilized for differing lifetime expectations from various customers

SSD Technology Trend: Performance Throttling

Performance

years

10 2 3 4 5

Static Performance

Peak Performance

Usage [Year]

P/ E cycles

~30K~25K~20K~15K

5Y

4Y

3Y

2Y

1Y

~10K

Dynamic Performance

~5K

Expected SPEC

Slope ≅ Performance

– Static performance throttling• Depending upon customer decision for lifetime warranty, performance

can be throttled statically Fixed once decision made for a specific application

– Dynamic performance throttling• Online workload monitoring can enable dynamic performance throttling Consistent performance is important for enterprise applications

• NAND flash is following SSD market trend• Step 1: Performance improvement with Toggle-mode NAND

– Interface: 66Mbps 133Mbps 400Mbps

• Step 2: Low power consumption– I/O operating voltage (VccQ) 3.3V 1.8V

• Step 3: Enhancing MLC endurance for Enterprise applications– 3K P/E cycle (Legacy) 30K P/E cycle (Enterprise)

SSD Technology Trend: High-Performance NAND

100Mbps DDR 133Mbps DDR 300Mbps DDR 100Mbps SDR 133Mbps DDR 300Mbps DDR

10%

35%

20%

60%1X

1.1X

1X1.35X

Random Read (IOPS) Random Write (IOPS)

1.32X

2.2X

• Meets Enterprise requirement of 24/7 for long period of sustained performance

• Extended life-span; cost-effective MLC with 30K P/E cycle

SSD Technology Trend: Extended Life-span MLC

[End

uran

ce]

[Write Performance & Data Retention]

Extended MLC NAND• Endurance : 30K• Retention : 3months

High

Low

Low High

Extended MLC NAND vs. Normal MLC NAND

Legacy MLC NAND• Endurance : 1~3K• Retention : 1year

*32nm 32Gb MLC Target Spec. (TBD)

• Random performance is more important in server applications Greater impact on Lifetime of SSD

• Lifetime highly depends on daily workload (especially Rand. Write)

• The guaranteed year can be extended with larger capacity

SSD Technology Trend: Lifetime with FW

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1year 2year 3year 4year 5year

800GB

400GB

200GB

100GBPerf

orm

an

ce(%

)

Life Time

Minimized WAI from advanced firmware could guarantee normal lifetime from MLC SSD

• SSD effect at the system level - HP Server DL380 G6 – Only showing SSD vs. HDD attributes– SPECWeb2009 benchmark test for Web server workload

• Banking system transactions• E-commerce system transactions

– HP Server DL380 G6 configuration • Only changing drives from HDD to SSD

SPEC Benchmark Configuration (SSD vs. HDD)

HP DL380 G6 w/ HDD HP DL380 G6 w/ SSD

CPU Intel Xeon L5520 Intel Xeon L5520

Memory 48GB 48GB

Disk ControllerSmart Array P410i(embedded)Smart Array P410 Controller with412MB Cache

Smart Array P410i(embedded)Smart Array P410 Controllerwith 412MB Cache

Disk Drives 1 x 146GB SFF SAS 15K rpm HDD12 x 146GB SF SAS 15K rpm HDD

1 x 146GB SFF SAS 15K rpm HDD8 x 120GB SFF SATA SSD

Usable Capacity 1898GB 1106GB

• SPEC benchmark result by adopting SSD

– 20~25% less power than HDD-based DL 380 G6– 30~36% more performance-to-power ratio along target load

SPEC Benchmark Results (SSD vs. HDD)

DL380 G6 w/ HDD DL380 G6 w/ SSD

415

358294

211114

318274

22215784

(SPECWeb 2009 benchmark test)

30% upgrade in performance-to-power by replacing HDD with SSD

• SSD effect at the system level - HP Server DL380 G7 – TPC-C: On-line transaction processing (OLTP) benchmark

• New-order/Payment/Delivery/Order-status/Stock-level

– HP Server DL380 Series configuration

TPC-C Benchmark Configuration (SSD vs. HDD)

HP DL380 G3 w/ HDD HP DL380 G4 w/ HDD HP DL380 G5 w/ HDD HP DL380 G7 w/ SSD

CPU(2P) 3.06GHz Intel Xeon 2.6GHz Intel Xeon 3.0 GHz DC Intel 5160 3.3GHz Intel X5680

Memory 4GB DDR 2GB DDR 8GB DDR 16GB DDR

DiskController

1 x Integrated SMARTArray Controller3 x SMART 5304 ArrayController

1 x Integrated SMART 6iController3 x HP SMART 6404Array Controller

1 x SMART P4001 x SMART P8003 x FC1242SR DC 4GbHBA

4 x LSI 9200_8e SAS1 x SMART Array P410i1 x SMART Array P4111 x StorageWorks 82E2x8gb fiber

DiskDrives

126 x 18.2GB SCSI4 x 72.8GB SCSI

4 x 146.8GB SCSI170 x 36.4GB SCSI

16x 72GB 15K LFF SAS504 x 36GB 15K U3202 x 36GB 10K SFF SAS

128 x HP 120GB SSD12 x 500GB 7.2K SAS56 x 500GB 7.2K SAS2 x 72GB 15K SAS

TotalStorage 2,584.4GB 6,279.36GB 18,184.40GB 46,810GB

• HP DL380 G7 given highest score when using Samsung Enterprise SSD in TPC Benchmark test(#2 Overall 2 CPUs Server)

TPC-C Benchmark Configuration (SSD vs. HDD)

43230 67754138979

8030683.71

2.36

2.12

0.68

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

DL380 G3 DL380 G4 DL380 G5 DL380 G7 w/ Samsung Enterprise SSDTPC-C Throughput Price/Performance

57% 105%

478%

TPC-

C Th

roug

hput

(tpm

C) Price/Performance($/tpm

C)

TPC- C Test w/ Samsung Enterprise SSDHP DL380 G7 w/ Samsung Enterprise SSD

[Source: TPC website, http://www.tpc.org]

6X Performance3X Price/Performance

• SLC SSD – High-performance computing• MLC SSD - Main volume business with price/perf. benefit• Samsung’s new Enterprise MLC SSD is coming now

– Competitive sustained performance– Reliable 24/7 operation– Reasonable $/GB, $/IOPS

Samsung Enterprise SSD Trend

Samsung Enterprise SSD Trend

Gen. 1 Gen. 2(Now) Gen. 3 Gen. 4

Enterprise SLC SSD Performance Enteprise MLC SSD PerformanceEnterprise SLC SSD Price Enterprise MLC SSD Price

Price($/GB)

Performance(IOPS)

• Needs of SSD-friendly Storage Infrastructure:System architecture, OS and File System optimization and application, etc.

Enhancing Ecosystem for Maximize SSD value

– Current HBA/RAID tech.bottleneck for SSD performance, because it has been optimized onlyfor HDDs

– RAID/HBA features are to be optimized to be SSD-friendly due to low HDD performance

– Samsung is working closely with RAID/HBA vendors to maximize SSD performance

File Serve : 100% Random, 80% Read

4 Drive File Server w ith 64K Stripe

Q1 Q4 Q16 Q64

Queue Depth

IOps

A B C

D E F

• Green IT, cloud computing and new IT trends will take advantage of SSD Green Solution

• Started with reliable SLC SSD drives, leapfrogging the best performance and entering new paradigm with MLC SSD

• The balance among speed, safety and $$ becoming more important than higher IOPS:

• Cost reduction is main driver for growing use of MLC NAND

• MLC SSD needs to be designed to provide breakthrough performance and extend lifetime; it requires new evolutionary technology mainly for NAND management

• System architectures must advance to fully exploit SSD

Summary

•Visit our booth(W5) to see a Demo of high-performance, energy-efficient memory and SSD solution•For more information, please visit www.samsung.com/SSD